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Facial approximation: An assessment of the principles of the method and analysis of the craniofacial relationships
Zedníková Malá, Pavla ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
This doctoral thesis is submitted in the form of scientific publications together with theoretical introduction. The present state of knowledge of facial approximation methods is presented in the introduction. Areas of application, principles of the method and classification of the methods according to medium used are briefly described. Accuracy and limits of the method are further described as they form a base of the research of this thesis. Simultaneous existence of multiple prediction guidelines, of which the accuracy is not known or published, is typical characteristic of the facial approximation method. The aim of this thesis was to assess the accuracy of the particular prediction rules for estimation of position and size of facial parts (eyes, nose, lips), and based on the results to recommend the most accurate and suitable guidelines for middle European population. An assessment of the strength of the association between craniofacial shape and the shape of soft tissues in the profile using geometric morphometric methods, and determination of the extent to which it might be possible to predict the latter from the former were the purpose of the second part of the research. Material for this study consisted of 87 lateral head cephalograms of a recent adult Central European population (52 males...
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Kinship relationships and morphological features of the human skeleton in genealogically documented osteological assemblages: use in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology.
Cvrček, Jan ; Velemínský, Petr (advisor) ; Stingl, Josef (referee) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee)
The influence of biological relationships on the morphology of the human skeleton is a current theme in bioarchaeology and forensic research. Whether it is the discovery of kinship relationships in an anonymous cemetery or the question of individual identification based on familial similarity, research is limited by a number of factors. Above all, there is the shortage of osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation. Most such samples also include only a small number of individuals, and thus the number of different degrees of their relatedness is limited. Related to this is the lack or absence of methods suitable for either the exact expression of the degree of morphological similarity between individuals or the statistical evaluation of results. However, for this dissertation an opportunity arose to analyze several osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation from the 17th to 20th centuries, comprising almost one hundred individuals. This represents one of the largest such units in the world to date. The individual samples also include several cases of consanguineous marriages with subsequent generations. The aim of the first part of the dissertation is to propose new methodological approaches to expressing the degree of similarity of individuals based on different types of...
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Age-at-death estimation of the adult skeleton: New approaches to the evaluation of senescence indicators
Kotěrová, Anežka ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee) ; Obertová, Zuzana (referee)
Age-at-death estimation of adults is still a very difficult part of estimation of individual's biological profile. Current age estimation methods can estimate age accurately and reliably only as very broad age ranges. The fact that these approaches are mostly based on only one skeletal indicator, whose age changes are assessed visually, or are based on an inappropriate statistical approach, does not contribute to the improvement of this situation. The dissertation project is based on these shortcomings and it aims to contribute to a better understanding of the issue and to integrate and test new technologies and computational approaches in research. Given the methodological nature of this dissertation, the whole research was divided into three separate parts, which corresponds to the establishment of three main objectives. The first objective was to apply different sophisticated mathematical techniques in a multi-population database of visually evaluated data (n=941) of two articulation surfaces of os coxae to achieve a more accurate estimate of age. However, the resulting RMSE, which ranged between 12 to 14 years, do not indicate an accurate estimate. Furthermore, we focused on the evaluation of outputs from various scanning devices and we tested the influence of possible differences in captured...
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Facial approximation: An assessment of the principles of the method and analysis of the craniofacial relationships
Zedníková Malá, Pavla ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee) ; Krásničanová, Hana (referee)
This doctoral thesis is submitted in the form of scientific publications together with theoretical introduction. The present state of knowledge of facial approximation methods is presented in the introduction. Areas of application, principles of the method and classification of the methods according to medium used are briefly described. Accuracy and limits of the method are further described as they form a base of the research of this thesis. Simultaneous existence of multiple prediction guidelines, of which the accuracy is not known or published, is typical characteristic of the facial approximation method. The aim of this thesis was to assess the accuracy of the particular prediction rules for estimation of position and size of facial parts (eyes, nose, lips), and based on the results to recommend the most accurate and suitable guidelines for middle European population. An assessment of the strength of the association between craniofacial shape and the shape of soft tissues in the profile using geometric morphometric methods, and determination of the extent to which it might be possible to predict the latter from the former were the purpose of the second part of the research. Material for this study consisted of 87 lateral head cephalograms of a recent adult Central European population (52 males...
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Shape variability of proximal and distal human tibia.
Brzobohatá, Hana ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee) ; Macholán, Miloš (referee)
The aim of this study was to detect and describe the trends in shape variability of proximal and distal human tibia related to sex, age, social status and time period. The variability of its shape and form was analysed first in an early medieval sample, then in two modern populations, an early 20th century sample and the contemporary Czech population. Finally, data from the whole studied time span were analysed. The initial raw data were acquired by optical scanning and computed tomography (CT) scanning of the lower limbs; the three-dimensional bone surfaces of the contemporary tibias were segmented from the clinical CT scan sequences. Geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical methods were applied to study the variations in shape and form quantitatively. Proximal and distal tibias were evaluated independently, and the potential influence of sex, age at death and time period were investigated. In the early medieval population, we also explored the relationship between tibial morphology and presumed social status derived from the respective grave location within the settlement. Because traditional morphometric analysis revealed statistically significant sex differences in the parameters of both tibial extremities (e.g., Steyn and Işcan, 1997; Šlaus et al., 2013), we thus assumed the...
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Phenotype variability of the skeleton: asymmetry, sexual dimorphism and their changes in time
Bigoni, Lucie ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Sosna, Daniel (referee) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee)
This doctoral thesis is submitted in the form of science publications and conference presentations together with theoretical introduction. It presents several points of view on the variability evaluation in the skull (and postcranial skeleton), with accent on diachronic changes monitoring, asymmetry and sexual dimorphism. This study concentrates on analysis (using traditional and geometric morphometrics) of size and shape of the skull, limb bones and face in the samples originated in the region of the Czech Republic (Central Europe). The first one is a photographical documentation of the Upper Palaeolithic skulls from Předmostí near Přerov (age 25,000 - 27,000 years). The second material is represented by skulls and limb bones deriving from the Early Mediaeval settlement in Mikulčice (The Great Moravia, 9th - 10th century). The third sample originated in the 1930s in Prague, so called Pachner Collection. The last comparative sample presents radiographs of the head and 3D surface models of faces of the recent society. Study of skeletal asymmetry of populations (Bigoni et al., v recenzním řízení, 2005; Kujanová et al., 2008), its level and localization, enables us to compare behavioral patterns, living conditions, socioeconomic differences and variability within and between populations (Mikulčice vs....
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