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Antonymy in adjectives
Chomyková, Gabriela ; Kováříková, Dominika (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe how selected frequent adjective negative antonyms are used. The thesis analyses adjectival antonyms that express two main negative meanings, namely the meaning of simple denial of the base word content of (e.g. invalid) and the meaning of contrasting opposite to the base word content (e.g. unfortunate). These meanings are observed with regard to the logical concepts of contradiction and contrariety, and to the oppositeness of meanings and distinction between subjective and objective concepts. The data source is SYN2020 corpus, in which negative antonyms meeting the criteria of high frequency and low polysemy were searched. Their meaning was determined according to collocations and compared with the characteristics of affirmative variants. Based on the research, it can be stated that there is a wide variability in the use of these antonyms. At the same time, it was found that the meaning of the simple denial is often determined by the terminological nature of an expression. Key words: antonymy, antonymous adjectives, lexical negative, contradiction, contrariety
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Language comprehension of mathematical word problems
Chmelařová, Nikola ; Šormová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
In order to solve mathematical word problem, student have to understand it correctly first. In this work, we will try to find particular problematic parts in terms of language comprehension in word problems. The theoretical part of the theses shows connection between mathematical and reading literacy, defines the term word problem and offers various types of word problems, describes individual parts of solving word problems and points out possible problems associated with solving word problems. Furthermore, it is devoted to language characteristics of word problems on various levels, such as textual and contextual, syntactic, lexical and morphological, and points out potentially problematic language phenomena that could occur in a text of a word problem. In the practical part we analyzed the language of selected word problems from entrance exams for eight-year and four-year high schools and graduation written tests and subsequently we tested these word problems on students of elementary school and high school. The analysis of the word problems and the tests combined with interviews helped us detect problematics parts in terms of language comprehension. We found as problematic the length of the text combined with complicated text division and long sentences, the length of sentences combined with...
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The editoral changes in selected fairy tales of Beneš Method Kulda
Mitrengová, Barbara ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
The Editorial Changes in Selected Fairytales by Beneš Method Kulda Radhošti in Radhošť Čertův mlýn The Devil's Mill Kulda's original collection named Moravské národní pohádky, pověsti, obyčeje a pověry bachelor's thesis aims to comment on language changes in detail on the basis of relevant Pravidla českého pravopisu Sirotek v Radhošti, František Kárník made such radical changes in his František Bačkovský in his edition from 1892. The 1963 edition by Oldřich Sirová
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Morphological and syntactic characteristics of expression sto (hundred), tisíc (thousand), milion (milion) and miliarda (bilion)
Nováková, Anna Josefína ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Šimík, Radek (referee)
The presented thesis aims to provide an analysis of morphological and syntactical characteristics of expressions sto "a hundred", tisíc "a thousand", milion "a million" and miliarda "a billion". The first part deals with the description and characteristics of numerals in specialized literature, with focus on the explored expressions, and it then proceeds to define the research questions (e. g. to what extent are the forms frozen; forms of the noun denoting the counted object (JPP) etc.), which are then explored in the practical part, using corpus analysis. The data used in the analysis are taken from the SYN v8, ORAL v1 and ORTOFON v2 corpus. The analysed sample contains 1 000 of the sto lemmas and the same number of the tisíc lemmas. For the expressions milion and miliarda, the analysed sample was half as large. The analysis showed that the range of numeral and substantive characteristics of the expressions varies: the expression sto "a hundred", has the most prominent numeral characteristics: a high degree of constancy of form (e.g., do sta korun "within one hundred crowns", do sto čtyřiceti mil "within one hundred and forty miles", na dvě stě kilometrech "at two hundred kilometres"), a predominant adjectival congruence of numeral (e.g., bylo tam osm set lidí "there were eight hundred people")...
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Analysis of the linguistic landscape in the town centre of Hrádek nad Nisou
Frýdl, Hynek ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Mareš, Petr (referee)
The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on basic concepts and terminology, which are useful for describing the linguistic landscape. There are mentioned some divisions of texts (signs) in linguistic landscape (top-down × bottom-up, intentional × unintentional, permanent × event- related, translated × untranslated, division according to function of the text in the public space, ...) and some problems, in which could these divisions potentially result in. There is concretized, which divisions are used in the research, and which are not, and briefly discussed the issue of a visual pollution. The summarization of current interest in the linguistic landscape of the Czech Republic is also presented in this part. The last section of the theoretical part gives an overview of the history of the researched location (Hradek nad Nisou). Especially, it focuses on national structure of local population and the historical circumstances that have been influencing this structure in the 20th and the 21st century. The research part starts with a methodology of the data collection and the analysis and is followed by the research itself which is focused on languages in public space, the multilingualism and translations in connection with the structure of population of Hradek nad Nisou and its surrounding regions...
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Czechs' Attitude Towards the Gender Inflection of Female Surnames
Amrichová, Katalin ; Sojka, Pavel (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to analyse the attitude of Czechs towards gender inflection of female surnames. The contents of the theoretical part are history of the origins of surnames, views on inflection in the past and also opinions of contemporary experts regarding this subject. It analyses arguments both in favour of and opposing gender inflection. It covers changes in legislation which currently deal with this issue, their development in the past and comparison with legislations of other European countries. Included in the theoretical part are also the rules that apply to gender inflection of surnames. The empirical part is based on research, which was concluded using an electronic questionnaire. Its goal was to find out what are the respondent's preferences regarding gender inflected female surnames and gender neutral female surnames, as well as how tolerant they are towards the surname forms they don't prefer. This research applied to both Czech female surnames and foreign ones. Through the questionnaire it turned out that the respondents are relatively tolerant to gender neutral female surnames, while in their preferences they are quite conservative. The vast majority prefers the use of a gender inflected surname, after marriage they favour women using the husband's gender inflected surname....
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The influence of editorial processing on understanding the text of K. J. Erben's fairy tales by elementary school pupils
Vrábelová, Veronika ; Adam, Robert (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
Bachelor thesis The influence of editorial processing on understanding the text of K. J. Erben's fairy tales by elementary school pupils aims to evaluate the suitability of current editorial changes in selected fairy tales by K. J. Erben. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis the previously standard principles for editorial adaptations of the text are presented, special attention is paid to editorial adaptations of literature for children, and the fairy tales of K. J. Erben. Subsequently, the two editions (critical and more recent) on which the comprehension test was based are described; this chapter also includes an introduction to the most significant editorial changes that have taken place in the more recent edition of Erben's fairy tales. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis the research methodology and the course of testing are presented; this part includes an annotated overview of the samples that were included in the comprehension test. In the questionnaire survey, the comprehension of selected fairy tales published critically in 1958 and the same fairy tales in the newer, revised edition of 2019 is tested by means of closed and open questions. The research shows that the editorial adaptations of the fairy tales of K. J. Erben's fairy tales can in some cases affect the...
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The Evolution of the position of the enclitic se in Bohumil Hrabal's short story collections
Jelínková, Kristýna ; Mareš, Petr (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This thesis tries to describe the evolution of the position of the encliticon se in Bohumil Hrabal's short story collections from two different periods of his literary production, specifically in Perlička na dně (collection of 1963, "Pearl at the bottom") and Krasosmutnění (collection of 1979, "Beautiful sadness"). The thesis should complete and evolve already existing observations that find Hrabal's substandard usage of enclitics an important attribute of his writing style and also that this usage gives his prose an aspect of spoken language. The first part of the thesis encapsulates main characteristics of his author's style - my summary leans on several studies from important literary theorists such as Milan Jankovič or Josef Štěpán. The next part serves also as summary, but this time it epitomizes studies about the unmarked position of enclitics, not only Jacob Wackernagel's Über ein Gesetz der indogermanischen Wortstellung (On a Law of Indo-European Word Order) but also some studies from Czech linguists, such as František Trávníček, Ludmila Uhlířová or Václav Ertl. The thesis uses electronic corpora as the base for the quantitative and qualitative analyses and draws conclusions on the usage of the enclitics se in both phases of Bohumil Hrabal's literary work. Key words: encliticon se, position...
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Forms of Instrumental Plural in Publicistic Programme Interview ČT 24
Karásek, Dominik ; Sojka, Pavel (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on competition of standard and non-standard forms of instrumental plural case in publicistic programme Interview ČT24. Theoretical part contains an overview of historical progression of the instrumental plural form. A reflection of these forms in important grammars and in other bohemistic journals is described. In the practical part 40 broadcasts of the programme Interview ČT24 are analysed. The results of my analyse are compared with findings from the theoretical part and with Sojka's research published in 2020, which deals with the same issue. It is found that endings -ma of plural instrumental appeared in the sample of programme Interview ČT24 in 3,72 %. The occurrence of the non-standard variant is in all age groups the same. A comparison of professions indicates that the ending -ma appears more frequently among the respondents from the economic sphere. There were not any differences in the frequency between the genders. Based on the comparison with Sojka's research the Kraus et al.'s statement - the non-standard -ma variant in the plural of the instrumental case still retained a degree of stylistic markedness - was confirmed. Nevertheless, further research is recommended. KEYWORDS plural instrumental case, Standard Czech, spoken journalism
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Standard Czech Morphology in TV Show
Mašek, Ondřej ; Sojka, Pavel (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out to what extent there is a violation of the standard of writing in two specific interview programs, namely the XTalk and Interview ČT24. Both shows have similar footage (around 22-28 minutes), essentially the same dialogical composition (the host asks questions and the guest answers), but the personality of the host is different. The hosts of both shows are professionals in their field, so non-standard phenomena occur only sporadically (often in more emotionally loaded situations), but their moderation style, which creates a different atmosphere in the studio in both shows, may leads to more frequent violations of the standard norm of the Czech language in XTalk. Of course, the selection of guests also played a role, in which we noticed the frequency of occurrence of non-standard variants, the influence of the communication role, selected sociolinguistic factors and the host. The obtained data was compared with two years older research of dialogical texts of radio journalism by two corpus sources of commonly spoken Czech. The research sample consisted of a total of thirty interviews from 2018-2021. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the speakers could be divided into three groups in terms of the occurrence of non-standard variants: speakers...
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