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The Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (epidemiology, trends and possibilities for prevention)
Mrhalová, Karolína ; Jankovská, Milada (advisor)
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas as lymphoproliferative disease are among the cancer is still increasing incidence. According to the World analysis is the high incidence observed mainly in developed countries than in development, which could suggest that also applies to the modern way of life. In the Czech Republic recorded a similar trend increasing incidence. In 2002, non-Hodgkin's tumors reached the 11th place in the incidence of individual tumors in the Czech Republic. From the etiological point of view it is typically multifactorial diseases, but some of the units are associated with inducing causes. Other factors include environmental influences. Diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a very challenging and with it the very limited possibilities of prevention. The aim of this work is to show the trend of increasing incidence and world in the Czech Republic resulting from epidemiological studies. Furthermore, using data Registry of Cooperative Lymphoma Study Group (Czech Lymphoma Study Group - CLSG) outline the situation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma overall frequency and distribution various types of NHL. To point out the particular characteristics related to the types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
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Diseases caused by ionizing radiation
Gronychová, Soňa ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
The topic of my thesis Diseases caused by ionizing radiation have I chosen on the basis of his interest in this issue. The observation that exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with health risks , coinciding immediately after the discovery of X-rays and radioactivity in 1895 and the 1896th already in the following year was reported by erythema and eczematous changes in the skin. very Mr. discoverer of radioactivity Becquerel in 1901 convinced about the negative effects of their own discovery when he wore 14 days in his vest pocket radio preparation which gave him couple Curie . He appeared with him at length and eczema -healing ulcer , which also confirmed and self- forearm tried P.Curie . Already in 1902 , six years after the discovery of X-rays showed Frieben in Hamburg first tumor induced by radiation. Between 1927 and 1928 the geneticist HJ Muller reported the induction of mutations in X-rays and genetic consequences resulting from radiation exposure . Single and repeated radiation exposure of an appropriately high doses cause radiation syndrome with typical somatic symptoms and consequent death which probability increases with increasing dose . In the first decades of the use of ionizing radiation in diagnosis and therapy are so many rentgenologové and radiologists become demonstrably victim...
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Interakce glycodendrimérů s nádorovým mikroprostředím
Pospíšil, Miloslav ; Vannucci, Luca ; Luptovcová, Martina ; Svoboda, Jan ; Huliková, Katarína ; Kuldová, Miloslava ; Bezouška, Karel ; Krist, Pavel ; Pešta, M. ; Fišerová, Anna
Potentiation of immunological parameters by multivalent glycodendrimers (PAMAM-GlcNAc8) against experimental mouse melanoma and rat colon or glioma cancer. PAMAM –GlcNAc8 induce biological effects at different levels of cancer microenvironmental components and concern both, effector and cancer cells
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Gene Therapy and the Evolution of Cancer Treatment
Douglas, James Joshua ; Černá, Marie (advisor)
The continued understanding of gene structure, function and how its product interacts in the human body has lead to new wave of ideas on cancer therapy. Gene therapy, which 20 years ago was just a dream is now a very real possibility and alternative to the conventional treatments. Three new methods of utilizing alternative gene structure and manipulating the body's response to induce a tumor effect are presented here. Immunotherapy is the induction of the human immune system against an unwanted antigen. Viral oncolysis is the utilization and manipulation of natural human pathogens against tumor cells. Gene transfer is the addition of deletion of vital genes responsible for cell growth and apoptosis.
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The Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV in Glioma Cell Growth
Bušek, Petr ; Šedo, Aleksi (advisor) ; Trka, Jan (referee) ; Konvalinka, Jan (referee)
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) is a widely expressed serine protease that by limited proteolysis regulates a number of biologically active peptides including a number of mitogenic peptides involved in cancer development. Deranged DPP-IV expression and/or enzymatic activity has been reported in a number of tumors, and could lead to altered signaling and biological function of its substrates. Changes in DPP-IV expression were observed in glioma cell lines in association with differentiation, and recently also in malignant gliomas in vivo. In addition, DPP-IV substrates substance P (SP) and stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) that trigger growth promoting intracellular signaling cascades in glioma cells have strongly been implicated in the pathogenesis of gliomas. The aim of this study was (i) to investigate the effects of DPP-IV on the signaling of its biologically active substrates that promote the malignant phenotype of glioma cells, and (ii) to assess the effects of DPP-IV on the growth, migration and adhesion of human glioma cells. Using transfected glioma cell lines (U373CD26, T98GCD26, U87CD26) with mifepristone-inducible DPP-IV expression, we demonstrate that DPP-IV overexpressing T98GCD26 cells can cleave SP and thus abrogate its ability to trigger calcium signaling in U373...
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The Use of Multichannel Flow Cytometry in Biomedicine and Experimental Biology
Kideryová, Linda ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Elleder, Milan (referee) ; Klíma, Jiří (referee)
Flow-cytometry is a process on which large numbers of single cells are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. This method gives information about size, granularity surface or intracellular markers of every single cell in suspension. In modern biology is worthy to perform quick, objective multiparametric analyses of cell phenotype. This project was focused on cells, which analyses are complicated by extreme rareness or lack of clearly identifying specific markers. Analysis of stromal cells of the investigated tumors (histiocytoma and tumor fibroblasts originating in squamous epithelium: basalioma (BCCF) and spinalioma (SCCF) elucidated alteration of gene expression induced by tumor cells. Tumor-derived stromal fibroblasts acquire distinct properties to shape a microenvironment conducive to altering the phenotypic characteristics of normal epithelial cells in vitro. Reproducible, quick and highly sensitive method of detection extremely rare non-haematopoetic cells (EPC, CEC) was established. Numbers of CFU-En correlate neither with circulating endothelial progenitors nor with matured endothelial cells detected by flowcytometry. These colonies are formed in cooperation of CD14 + and CD4+ cells. Numbers of endothelial progenitors and matured endothelial cells are closely related with vessel endothelium...
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The use of multichannel flow cytometry in biomedicine and experimental biology
Kideryová, Linda
Linda Kideryová USE OF MULTICHANNEL FLOW-CYTOMETRY IN BIOMEDICINE AND EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY SUMMARY Flow-cytometry is a process on which large numbers of single cells are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. This method gives information about size, granularity surface or intracellular markers of every single cell in suspension. In modern biology is worthy to perform quick, objective multiparametric analyses of cell phenotype. This project was focused on cells, which analyses are complicated by extreme rareness or lack of clearly identifying specific markers. Analysis of stromal cells of the investigated tumors (histiocytoma and tumor fibroblasts originating in squamous epithelium: basalioma (BCCF) and spinalioma (SCCF) elucidated alteration of gene expression induced by tumor cells. Tumor-derived stromal fibroblasts acquire distinct properties to shape a microenvironment conducive to altering the phenotypic characteristics of normal epithelial cells in vitro. Reproducible, quick and highly sensitive method of detection extremely rare non-haematopoetic cells (EPC, CEC) was established. Numbers of CFU-En correlate neither with circulating endothelial progenitors nor with matured endothelial cells detected by flow-cytometry. These colonies are formed in cooperation of CD14 + and CD4+ cells. Numbers of...
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Adjuvant mucosal immunization of mice against influenza virus
Zanvit, Peter
Influenza virus infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality in the world. Current immunization against influenza is provided using parenterally given influenza vaccines. These vaccines can induce good systemic immunity but they fail to induce a protective mucosal immunity. Because of persisting threat of new highly pathogenic influenza A subtypes development, a vaccination inducing intersubtypic cross-protection is desirable. The principal aims of the present study were: firstly, to explore the effect of Bacillus firmus (BF) and its delipidated form (DBF) as mucosal adjuvants for immunization via respiratory tract, secondly to test the potencial of BF and DBF to induce intrasubtypic and intersubtypic protection and finally to characterize the mechanism of adjuvant effect. The adjuvant effect of BF and DBF was tested after intratracheal or intranasal immunization of mice with inactivated influenza virus type A or B. Both types of immunization stimulated both systemic and mucosal immunity. Inactivated influenza virus type B was less immunogenic in contrast to type A. Adjuvant immunization with mixture of virus (type A or B) + DBF increased both systemic and mucosal antibody response. The effect of BF and DBF on induction of heterosubtypic immunity was tested in in vivo protective...
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Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction in tumor cells
Koc, Michal
This work has focused on study of processes involved in apoptosis induction by various stimuli in cancer cells. In our case we induced programmed cell death in cancer cells by iron deprivation, commercially available taxanes docetaxel (Taxotere® ) and paclitaxel (Taxol® ) and application of novel porphyrins derivates P(-CD)l and P(-CD)2. From presented publications we can conclude: Studies dealing with iron deprivation clearly demonstrated participation different signal pathways which lead to apoptosis induction in mouse and human cancer cell lines. We used for study of apoptosis induction B lymphom cell line sensitive to iron deprivation in both mouse and human experiment model. In the case of sensitive mouse tumor cells (38C13), we have described a significant portion of the apoptotic pathway leading to apoptosis induction by iron deprivation. Iron deprivation in these cells leads to translocation of proapoptotic Bax protein from the cytosol to mitochondria which is succeeded by mitochondrial membrane potential disruption due to mitochondrial permeabilization, cytochrome c release from mitochondria, activation of caspase-9 and subsequent activation of caspase-3. In the case of sensitive human tumor cells (Raji) we detected as well apoptosis induction by iron deprivation, however, in character of...
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