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Environmental Factors In the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Horáková, Lucie ; Novák, Jan (advisor)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is autoimmune disease that is due to the interaction of environmental factors with genetically susceptible terrain. The increasing incidence of T1DM in western countries suggests the existence of environmental factors responsible for the increasing incidence of the disease. The identification of this putative factor is crucial for the development of strategies to prevent type 1 diabetes mellitus. By the analysis of literature, we identified the susceptible factors such as infection (coxsackie virus or cognate rubeola), early exposition to the cow's milk toxins etc. There exist even opposite theories such as hygiene hypothesis suggesting that the development of T1DM might be a result of the lack of protective environmental factor. Available data do not allow to detect causal relation between any of susceptible factors and the development of T1DM and do not allow to develop any strategy to prevent type 1 diabetes mellitus
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Attitude of Czech Public to genetically modified food - June 2016
Buchtík, Martin ; Pilecká, Jarmila
In June 2016 Public Opinion Research Centre included a block of questions connected to genetically modified food. Specifically, it was investigated whether respondents are familiar with the issue. Respondents commented their interest in genetically modified food. Subsequently, how often respondents monitor data on genetically modifying food or product ingredients on product labels. The last part of the block was a set of statements regarding the safety of eating such food, scientific knowledge of their impact on human health and the buying genetically modified food. The report also offers some comparison of the results of research by the Pew Research Centre in the US.
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Synura echinulata (Synurales) - silica scale plasticity in natural populations influenced by environmental factors; accompanying scaled chrysophytes
Kreidlová, Jana ; Němcová, Yvonne (advisor) ; Hodač, Ladislav (referee)
The silica scale shape variation in Synura echinulata has been investigated only in laboratory conditions, so far. The aim of this thesis was to study scale shape variation in natural populations and to determine which environmental parameters influence the scale shape. The scale shape variation was investigated using landmark-based methods of geometric morphometrics. Scale shape changes related to environmental factors were analyzed using the two-block method PLS (Partial Least-Squares analysis) and adonis (R). The scale shape was mostly influenced by locality, pH and altitude. Shape distinguished populations of S. echinulata probably exist in different localities. The more distant localities are, the less similar are scales of S. echinulata in their shape. This scale shape variation is probably genetically determined, even thought all so far sequenced populations belong to the same species. High morphological disparity which was probably caused by anthropogenic pollution, was recorded in the locality Brdy. During sampling of the natural populations of Synura echinulata in the Czech Republic, several localities representing a significant reservoirs of species diversity, were found. Therefore, the thesis was extended and biodiversity research in the Czech Republic was added. A few samples were...
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The legal policy on genetically modified organisms
Stejskalová, Radka ; Grmelová, Nicole (advisor) ; Neděla, Radek (referee)
This thesis deals with the current legal policy of the European Union on genetically modified organisms in the framework of consumer protection.The European Union created a complex set of strict rules for dealing with genetically modified organisms.The first part outlines the problems of modern biotechnology,the second part describes the development and the current EU policy and judgement analysis of the European Court of Justice related to the GMOs. The aim of the last part is a description of the current position of the Czech Republic to the genetic modification.
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Heredity influence and motor development in preschool children
Ctiborová, Petra ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Švagrová, Klára (referee)
Title: Heredity influence and motor development in preschool children Objectives: Objective of this work is evaluation of heredity of movement evolution according to available literature. Methods: Thesis has a recherche character. Information for our research were found in available scholar and internet sources. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part there are clarified basic terms about heredity, motor development and genetic determination. The second part is focused on particular life periods of kids up to 6 years old and their motor development in their life periods. Results: Current motorics of preschool children is significantly genetically determined. Literature corresponds in about 50% of determination. Keywords: heredity, development, motoric
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Lost sex: multilocus DNA evolution the hybrid fish complex C.taenia (Teleostei)
Choleva, Lukáš ; Janko, Karel (advisor) ; Mikulíček, Peter (referee) ; Hulva, Pavel (referee)
12 General summary "It is unwise to intrude the suggestion of parthenogenesis, even of a modified sort, into vertebrate literatures. The phenomenon is so at variance with what is known and beleived about vertebrates development that I am sure no vertebrate morphologists would admit for a moment that the natural development from egg to sexual maturity of an individual vertebrate without the direct inclusion of the male element is within the realm of probability", reacted the morphologist Howell (1933. Science 77: 389-390) sarcastically on the discovery of the first recognized asexual vertebrate, a live-bearing fish Poecilia formosa (Hubbs et Hubbs 1932. Science 30: 628-630). "The examples of parthenogenesis has been reported in almost all vertebrate groups," (Lampert 2008. Sexual Development 2: 290-301). The ongoing effort to explain the widespread occurrence of sexual reproduction among animals is often called the "queen of problems in evolutionary biology", and there is still no consensus regarding the explanation. Simultaneously, asexual reproduction exists among some animals. Here, the 'asexuality' refers to any reproductive process that does not involve sex (Mendelian meiosis is mising), except self-fertilization. One individuum produces a progeny genetically identical to its parent, except those sites...
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The Czech Environment Inspection
Vilímková, Pavlína ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
Czech environmental inspectorate The Czech environmental inspectorate (CEI) is a professional body of state administration. It is responsible for supervising the compliance with the statutory rules and binding administrative decisions in the field of environment. CEI was established in 1991 by the Czech Environmental Inspectorate and its competencies in forestry protection Act No 282/1991 Coll. Other competencies were added subsequently in 1991-1992. CEI is subordinated to the Ministry of the Environment. The activities of the CEI are divided into five core areas: air protection, water protection, waste management, nature protection and forest protection. CEI was gradually assigned additional responsibilities in other areas: protection of the Earth's ozone layer, supervision over the handling of chemical substances, industrial accident prevention, packaging management, integrated pollution and prevention control, supervision over the CITES convention compliance and genetically modified organism (GMOs). The main task of CEI is to carry out controls, revisions and investigations at specific places, impose fines for breaking environmental law and remedial measures. The competecies of CEI are jointly governed by the Act mentioned above and other laws regulating specific components of the environment. CEI is...
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Development and optimalization of methodology for detection of GMO potatoes
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Jitka
Genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops, now more often called ``Biotech crops{\crqq} they are commercially cultivated since 1996. And also since 1996, the first year of commercialization of biotech crops, GM potatoes were cultivated in USA, Mexico, Canada and later in South Africa, China and India. The global area of approved biotech crops in 2006 was 102 million hectares and 22 countries grew biotech crops, 11 developing countries and 11 industrial countries. The Czech Republic is on of the six EU countries where biotech crops are cultivated at present. The most compelling case for biotechnology, and more specifically biotech crops, is their capability to contribute to: increasing crop productivity and stability of productivity and production; conserving biodiversity, as a land-saving technology; the production of renewable resource based bio-fuels. This diploma paper was focused on developing of fast, precise and cheap method based on PCR to detect the presence of transgenes in potatoes {--} tubers and leaves, allows monitoring the presence of GM potatoes in market, environment, etc. and to quantify ``contamination{\crqq} of ware potatoes (tubers) with GM ones.
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Assessment of the second viscosity coefficient from measured pressure pulsations.
Černý, Ondřej ; Pochylý, František (referee) ; Habán, Vladimír (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with problem of assessment of the second viscosity and acoustic velocity coefficients by the different liquid´s flow in pipe from measured pressure pulstation created by diaphragm pulsator. For the solution is used a transfer matrix model and for the data evaluation a genetic algorithm in „Facharp.exe“ program. Modal analysis in problematic part of the measured stand is realized to find a wave shapes and natural frequency of a pipe. The results are for the reason of clearness processed into „MS Excel“ program and fetched to the charts which shows depedence of a second viscosity and acoustic velocity coefficients on a various flow as the final result.
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