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Mathematical and computational modeling of shape-memory alloys
Benešová, Barbora ; Roubíček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Krejčí, Pavel (referee) ; Stefanelli, Ulisse (referee)
This dissertation thesis is concerned with developing a mesoscopic model for sin- gle crystalline shape-memory alloys including thermo-dynamically consistent thermo- mechanical coupling - here the term "mesoscopic" refers to the ability of the model to capture fine spatial oscillations of the deformation gradient by means of gradient Young measures. Existence of solutions to the devised model is proved in a "phase-field-like approach" by a scale transition from a microscopic model that features a term related to the interfacial energy; this scale transition from a physically relevant model justifies the mesoscopic relaxation. Further, existence of solutions is also proved by backward- Euler time discretization which forms a conceptual numerical algorithm. Based on this conceptual algorithm a computer implementation of the model has been developed and further optimized in the rate-independent isothermal setting; some calculations using this implementation are also presented. Finally, refinements s of the analysis in the convex case as well as a limit of the phase-field-like approach in this case are exposed, too.
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High mobility two-dimensional electron gas in CdTe quantum wells:High magnetic field studies
Kunc, Jan
KurHigh mobility two-dimensional electron gas in CdTe quantum wells: High magnetic field studies Experimental studies of two-dimensional electron gases confined in CdTe and CdMnTe quantum wells are presented. The data analysis is supported by numerical calcula- tions of the band structure of confined states, using the local density and envelope func- tion approximations. Four by four, k.p calculations have been performed to justify the parabolic approximation of valence bands. Samples were characterized by Raman scatter- ing spectroscopy and far infrared cyclotron resonance absorption measurements. Low-field magneto-transport shows the dominant contribution of the semi-classical Drude conduc- tivity and three orders of magnitude weaker contributions of weak localization, electron- electron interaction and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. The contribution of electron- electron interactions is explained within a semi-classical model of circling electrons. The shape of Landau levels, broadening, transport and quantum lifetimes and dominant long- range scattering mechanism have been determined. High-field magneto-transport displays fractional quantum Hall states at Landau levels N = 0 and N = 1. The ground states 5/3 and 4/3 have been determined to be fully spin polarized, in agreement with the approach of composite...
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Syntactic differences between Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard
Streublová, Denisa ; Štichauer, Pavel (advisor) ; Špaček, Jiří (referee)
Syntactic Differences between Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard This diploma thesis focuses on two usages of Italian language: Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard, and syntactic differences between these too. The aim of the paper is to list these differences, describe them and prove them as vital via an analysis of several contemporary Italian texts. The thesis is divided into two basic parts. The first part is rather theory-focused and its aim is to define both terms Italiano Letterario and Italiano Neostandard, present the development of the language since the 1860, when Italiano Letterario was set, describe the main features of Neostandard (including the differences between written and spoken variations), briefly outline the changes of the literary language during the course of the 20th century and list and describe in detail the syntactic features of Neostandard. First we described the language situation at time of Italian unification. There was an urge for a single language to be appropriate for every communication situation. The Lombardian writer Alessandro Manzoni, who dedicated all his life to the question of language, came up with the solution he had also applied in the ultimate version of his masterpiece The Betrothed (I Promessi Sposi). The novel was written in the...
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Exclusion of a member from, and termination of his participation in , the limited liability company
Fuka, Jindřich ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Oehm, Jaroslav (referee)
Expulsion of Shareholder and Termination of his Participation in Limited Liability Company Summary The goal of my thesis is to analyse the legal regulation regarding expulsion of shareholder and termination of his participation in limited liability company in the Czech Republic and to attempt to address some of its problems and by so doing contribute my part to the general discussion of this topic. I have chosen this subject because I consider it interesting and because it is not given enough attention by legal professionals. The paper analyzes relevant case law, books and articles and makes recommendations for changes of legal regulation and of the approach of courts. The thesis is composed of five numerated chapters, each of them dealing with one of the methods of cessation of participation, plus Introductory and Closing Chapter. The Introductory Chapter describes the main purposes of the thesis. Chapter One is concerned with the introduction to the principles of company law that are important for the ideas of the thesis. Terms "limited liability company", "articles of association", "participation in the company" and "creation and cessation of participation" are covered in respective parts of the chapter. Chapter Two is rather short and deals with the termination of participation of shareholder by...
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High mobility two-dimensional electron gas in CdTe quantum wells:High magnetic field studies
Kunc, Jan ; Grill, Roman (advisor) ; Smrčka, Ludvík (referee) ; Knap, Wojciech (referee)
KurHigh mobility two-dimensional electron gas in CdTe quantum wells: High magnetic field studies Experimental studies of two-dimensional electron gases confined in CdTe and CdMnTe quantum wells are presented. The data analysis is supported by numerical calcula- tions of the band structure of confined states, using the local density and envelope func- tion approximations. Four by four, k.p calculations have been performed to justify the parabolic approximation of valence bands. Samples were characterized by Raman scatter- ing spectroscopy and far infrared cyclotron resonance absorption measurements. Low-field magneto-transport shows the dominant contribution of the semi-classical Drude conduc- tivity and three orders of magnitude weaker contributions of weak localization, electron- electron interaction and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. The contribution of electron- electron interactions is explained within a semi-classical model of circling electrons. The shape of Landau levels, broadening, transport and quantum lifetimes and dominant long- range scattering mechanism have been determined. High-field magneto-transport displays fractional quantum Hall states at Landau levels N = 0 and N = 1. The ground states 5/3 and 4/3 have been determined to be fully spin polarized, in agreement with the approach of composite...
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Ecology and biodiversity of heteropteran monoxenous trypanosomatids in CR
Klepetková, Helena ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Lukeš, Julius (referee)
Order Kinetoplastida includes monoxenous trypanosomatids, the numerous and divergent group that parasitize versatile spectrum of insects. The most frequent hosts include heteropteran bugs and dipterans. The recent research of the biodiversity of monoxenous trypanosomatids has been implemented only in a few areas. Published studies have demonstrated unexpected variability of kinetoplastids and demonstrated that the considerable number of species has not been discovered yet. This thesis attends to study monoxenous trypanosomatid diversity in heteropteran bugs, especially on the territory of the Czech Republic. The objective of this long-term study focused on one locality has been to reveal the parasite diversity with connection of host ecology. In addition to this, many other isolates originated from different localities have been involved to the studies focused on geographical distribution, host specifity and phylogeny of the entire group Kinetoplastida. Special attention has been paid to species Leptomonas pyrrhocoris, which occurs in bugs of family Pyrrhocoridae. Key words: Heteroptera, trypanosomatids, host specificity, geographic distribution, transmission, phylogeny
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Influence of mineral waters and balneology for the treatment of urolithiasis
Topinková, Zuzana ; Baitler, Tomáš (advisor)
Urolithiasis is one of the most frequent diseases. It affects most people of middle age, but does not avoid or children old people. Its high incidence is mainly related to inadequate fluid intake, with poor eating habits and with lack of exercise. Urinary stones are for the patient dangerous mainly because they can suddenly or gradually block the urinary tract and prevent the outflow of urine from the kidneys. it seriously threatens the activities of the kidney. In some cases, stones spontaneously to leave, but others require intervention or surgery and it can rebuild the patient complication especially when the disease is another. Urolithiasis is especially significant that often recurs. This can be avoided, however, if the patient brings voided concrement to the doctor for analysis and then according to the results of chemical analysis will follow diet and drink provided by a doctor. In my work I focused not only on stone disease itself, but just to prevent recurrence of the disease. Fluid intake and dietary measures are the simplest method in the prevention of urolithiasis. In the Czech Republic spa has its important position after centuries and its importance continues even today minimally invasive operating methods. Mineral drinking water each of us, so I attempted in this work a little closer to their...
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The Prague - from the provincial city of the monarchy into the capitol of the new republic. The progress of the logistic support of the town in years 1913-1952
Drnek, Kryštof ; Jakubec, Ivan (advisor) ; Jásek, Jaroslav (referee)
The Prague's evolution into capitol of the new republic is divided into three stages, split by two wars. The progress of the city begun deep in the era of the Austria-Hungary imperium - in the middle of the 19th century, when the new town council was elected from czech townsman upper classes. It led into the process started with series of construction and administration projects. The city was upgraded with new bridges, railwaystations. On the place of the fortified walls, which were cancelled in the year 1866, shortly after Prussian-Austrian war, was quickly built piles of houses that bound inner Prague with it's suburbs. The administration were trying to connect the Prague's suburbs with the inner city but only few of them this procesess accepted. The foursome of the inner satellites (Žižkov, Karlín, Královské Vinohrady and Smíchov363) this projects declined and until the World War I remained on their own. Building of the logistic sites city underwent from the middle of the 19th century. First two logistic sites, the water supply system and the sewer system, were ancient systems supplying the city from the Middle Age. As the city was growing, the systems weren't able to maintain their main purposes, so the town council took action to rebuild them to prevent huge hygienic damages. The water supply system...
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Square, Circle, Rectangle.
Sikorová, Alicja ; Kornatovský, Jiří (advisor) ; Fulková, Marie (referee)
A sguare, a circle or other geometrie shapes are discovering in the art through the centuries. In many times, these are like the symbols, in the other case, these are like the forms of the picture. Their function are fading into one another often. I try to solve the guestions in this work: how does the function of the square and the circle change in the art how role do the shapes play in myself art's work how do children can work with the geometric shapes at first level of the primary schoul.
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Pseudo-religious elements in dictatorship systems. Example of Turkmenistan
Krbec, Jan ; Pelc, Bogdan (advisor) ; Brož, Prokop (referee)
PSEUDO-RELIGIOUS ELEMENTS IN DICTATORSHIP SYSTEMS. EXAMPLE OF TURKMENISTAN Bachleor dissertation The objective of the dissertation in catholic fundamental theology is to provide an empirically supported theological analysis of elements reminding religion and its acts in official actions of modern dictatorship systems. The paper is supported by the authority of expert works at modern dictatorships, the philosophers Hannah Arendt, Eric Voegelin, Raymond Aron and the politologist Hans Maier. It provides a summary of substantial elements in the dictatorship of French Revolution and in atheistic totalitarian régimes of bolshevism, fascism and nazism. In part, the paper makes efforts to extend the matter from positions of theology of evidence. Based on tomistic concept of religion, it characterizes pseudo-religious elements as practices of sourcing external forms from religious acts in the secular dimension, however without their intrinsic content. The paper sees their possible roots in cultural heritage, in limitations of adequate human resources for expression of the highest values and in abusing such acts as effective tools of human manipulation. The mentioned systemisation is applied to the example dictatorship of the 21st century in today's Turkmenistan, concretely to relevant questions regarding the...
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