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Effect of water temperature on early life history in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
PROKEŠOVÁ, Markéta
In the present M. Sc. thesis the effect of water temperature (thermal range: 17.4 - 38.6 °C) on early life history (during interval from egg fertilization to full yolk sac depletion by 50 % of larvae; Fe - Re50) in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was examined. Length of the incubation period (i. e. interval from egg fertilization to the moment of hatching of 50 % of individuals; Fe - H50), length of the hatching period (i. e. interval from hatching of 5 % of individuals to hatching of 95 % of individuals; H5 - H95), length of the period up to the first intake of exogenous food (i. e. interval from H50 to the first intake of exogenous food by 50 % of individuals; H50 - S50) and length of the period up to the full yolk sac resorption (H50 - Re50) were inversely proportional to the incubation temperature. Period of the yolk sac resorption was significantly prolonged (approximately six times) because of using of exogenous food (compared to treatments without added external food supplies). Embryonic development was theoretically stopped at temperature 15.4 °C and hatching occured after c. 12 effective day-degrees. Size of larvae increased during embryonic and larval period. Size of larvae at H50, S50 and Re50, was inversely proportional dependent on the incubation temperature. Size of individuals at Re50 was increased (approximately twice) because of using of exogenous food (compared to treatments without added external food supplies). Yolk sac volume (YsV) decreased during embryonic and larval period. YsV at H50 was correlated with size of egg and YsV was S50 was inversely proportional to the incubation temperature. A dry weight of yolk sac at H50 represented c. 89 % of total dry weight of hatched larvae. During the period of endogenous feeding c. 75 % of dry weight of egg was converted into the larval somatic tissues. Efficiency of energy conversion during the period of endogenous feeding is lower (60 %). The energetical value of total dry matter and content of sulfur in dry matter was decreasing during the period of endogenous feeding (in order: egg, hatched larvae, larvae at Re50). Content of nitrogen and carbon in dry matter was increasing during the embryonic period and afterwards was decreasing during the larval period. In term of survival, the zone of thermal tolerance for early life history in African catfish ranges from 19 to 33 °C (with thermal optimum between 23 and 30 °C), i. e. this fish belongs to the typical thermophilous species. The suboptimal temperatures lies within intervals 21 - 23 °C and 30 - 33 °C, respectively. Temperatures below 17.5 °C as well above 35.5 °C can be considered as the lethal temperatures already during embryonic period and those below 19 °C and above 33 °C as the lethal ones during larval period, respectively. In term of bioenergy, the thermal optimum for early life history in African catfish lies between 23 - 28 °C.
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Tacit Knowledge Dynamics in Organization
Rajnošek, Ráma ; Kovář, František (advisor) ; Pirožek, Petr (referee) ; Mládková, Ludmila (referee) ; Bureš, Vladimír (referee)
If companies want to create competition advantage, they must operate with knowledge. Knowledge can be divided to tacit and explicit dimension. Tacit knowledge is not easy to express, it is in heads of workers. It is hard to transfer tacit knowledge to others and organizations have limited possibilities to operate with it. But 90% of all knowledge is tacit. Knowledge can grow, keeps its degree or decrease during the life cycle. Tacit knowledge can be built by learning or by creative thinking. Knowledge can be acquired by combinations from current knowledge, information and other ingredients. Knowledge is conserved in organization through telling stories, sharing in communities or by apprenticeship. Mentoring and coaching are very important for handling knowledge over persons in organization. Knowledge is liable to influences which decrease their value. These influences are biological (person leaves the organization) or comparative. Although the value of knowledge in organization is still on the same level, when competition build their knowledge, the level of organization relatively decrease. There are several instruments to scale up knowledge, care for it or not to lose its value for each phase of knowledge life cycle. The empiric research was focused on working with tacit knowledge in organizations in the Czech Republic. According to analysis of current theory and outputs from the research there is proposed the model how to work with tacit knowledge from its dynamic perspective.
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The sound recording and development of it´s distribution at the turn of the 20th and 21st century
Vidomusová, Veronika ; Štilec, Jiří (advisor) ; Bělor, Roman (referee)
The Bachelor degree work consists of seven chapters, one of which addresses the phenomenon of music in virtual space; for example 'Myspace', 'Bandzone' and 'Youtube'. This work charts the progress of sound recording from its birth, through to the present day. The main issue raised in this thesis is the decrease in saleability of CDs, the reasons behind which are proposed to be:
1. The legal availability of downloadable music.
2. The increase in popularity of internet shopping.
At the same time, proposals have been made that attempt to reverse the trend in CD sales, and to innovate the manner in which they are marketed. Another example of music innovation, is the project Inkubátor, which is a corporate product of 'i-legalne.cz' and 'Bandzone.cz'. This project aims to help and support new bands, and to offer new music to a wider public audience.
So at the end it seems, people all the time try to find out something new.
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Effect of kinesiotaping on shoulder girdle muscle activity
Dvořáková, Petra ; Valouchová, Petra (advisor) ; Bitnar, Petr (referee)
Kinesiotaping is a new method used for an extremely wide range of clinical conditions. Kinesiotaping is established in sport for treatment and prevention of injury and offers therapists a new treatment possibility of muskuloskeletal injuries and disorders. There are used elastic permeable and water-resistant adhesive tapes of different colours. Elasticity of the tape maintains the patient's full mobility. This is the decisive advantage compared with the previous treatment taping methods. The mechanism of kinesiotaping is based on two main effects. The kinesiotape stimulate the skin receptors and increase interstitial space between the skin and the underlying connective tissues. Therefore it improves the circulation of both venous and lymphatic fluid and decrease pressure on mechanical nociceptors. It is surprising that even though the kinesiotaping is being very often used, there is lack of evidence demonstrating its effectiveness. The aim of the thesis is therefore to summarize all general information about the kinesiotaping and compare them with published results. The special chapter is devoted to the kinesiotaping of the shoulder girdle, which is supplemented by a practical section about the muscle activity effect of the kinesiotaping of the shoulder girdle measured by surface electromyography.
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The Role of Prejudices in the Work with Romany Youth in Salesian Centres
FUJDLOVÁ, Anna
Bachelor's thesis seeks an answer to the following question. Has the level of ethnological prejudice in interviewed employees of three Salesian Centers incresed or decreased thanks to contact and work with Romany ethnic. Thesis contains theoretical and practical part. First chapter of the Theoretical part clarifies the issue of prejudice. It points out their origin, development, and particularly the conditions leading to the reduction of prejudice. Second chapter deals with the Romany Ethnic, its history and and relationships with majority society. The Practical part includes two research projects and their results. Obtained data leads to conclusion, that majority of interviewed employees does not show an increase of prejudice while working with Romany children and youth. On the contrary, one third of them stated that the level of their prejudice decreases.
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Elektrochemické redoxní procesy polymerních elektrolytech na bázi methakrylátů – studie na mikroelektrodě
Nádherná, Martina ; Reiter, Jakub
In our recent project we have investigated electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene in liquid and polymer aprotic electrolytes using various electrochemical methods. The apparent diffusion coefficients were determined for propylene carbonate and poly(ethyl methacrylate)-propylene carbonate medium. Thank to optimised electrolyte composition, the polymerisation lowers the mobility of ferrocene only by 15 – 50 times contrary to previously studied PMMA-PC (Superacryl-based) electrolytes, where approx. three order decrease of diffusion coefficients was found.
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Determining the compression behaviour of fillers and magnesium stearate
Szwedová, Lenka ; Řehula, Milan (advisor) ; Špaček, Vladimír (referee)
1 Abstract The energy of tablets compaction is obtained from the force-distance record. The aim of this work was to determine accumulated energy in a tablets (plastic energy), to determine energy released from a tablet after compaction (elastic energy) and summation of these two energies. Mixtures of magnesium stearate 0%, 0,5% and 1% were prepared in a blending cube. The T1 - FRO 50 compacting machine was used for compacting tablets (weight of each tablets was 500 mg). Compacting forces were 5, 10 and 15 kN. In the first procedure the compaction was ceased after reaching the maximal compaction force, in the second procedure the upper punch was stopped when the maximal compaction force was reached and during 180 s dwell time of decreasing compacting force was recorded while the tablet height was kept constant. The results show that increasing concentration of lubricant leads to a decrease of accumalated energy in a tablet and on the contrary it leads to an increase of energy released from a tablet. The 180 s dwell time with a tablet height kept constant increases plastic energy because of forming more bonds. Microcrystalline cellulose is characterized by higher plastic and lower elastic energy than lactose monohydrate.
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Liver gangliosides in cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation.
Hynková, Barbora ; Entlicher, Gustav (advisor) ; Ledvinová, Jana (referee)
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids located on the cell surface of all animal cell types. They play a role as receptor molecules, share in cell-to-cell interaction and protect the cell against harmful environmental factors by increasing of rigidity of cell surface. This diploma thesis studies an influence of experimental cholestasis on hepatic ganglioside composition. Cholestasis was induced by bile duct ligation in Wistar rats. A significant increase of total lipid bound sialic acid and b-series gangliosides (GD1b, GT1b, event. GD3) was found in cholestatic liver when compared with controls. These results found in obstructive cholestasis correspond with the results Majer et al. Biomed. Chromatogr., 21, 446-450 (2007), described in 17α− ethinylestradiol induced cholestasis, but the increase of b-series gangliosides was milder in our study. As a second point, an effect of modulated heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) activity was investigated in cholestatis induced bile duct ligation (HO-1 activator- hemine, HO-1 inhibitor- Sn-mesoporphyrin). An increase of a total lipid sialic acid was found in Sn-mesoporphyrin treated animals, but a decrease of some a- and b- series gangliosides was observed. In group with activated HO-1 total sialic acid increased, but the composition of gangliosides...
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Two-photon photopolymerization with multiple laser beams
Skalický, Jiří ; Pilát,, Zdeněk (referee) ; Jákl,, Petr (advisor)
Photopolymerization is a technique used to create surface structures or microobjects from a photoresist. This process is started by illuminating the sample with a light of proper wavelength absorbed by the resist. After exposure, the sample is processed according to the type of the photoresist – be it heating, treating with developer or just washing the unaffected monomer with some reagent. Focused femtosecond laser beam with double wavelength can be used in the process. Short pulse length with high photon density starts two-photon absorption localized in the vicinity of focal point. The method resolution is thus increased and details with 1/10 micrometer size can be created. Moreover, very short laser pulse decreases the heat affected zone and the risk of thermal initiation is minimized. Manufacturing of larger structures composed of tiny details with two-photon photopolymerization is time-demanding process. Therefore, we have complemented the optical setup with spatial light modulator (SLM), which splits the incoming laser beam into several beams with holograms dynamically generated by a computer. Polymerization can be thus performed by multiple foci simultaneously which can be used to create separated microparticles or periodical surface structures. Additional speed improvement of the process can be substitution of static configuration, requiring sample replacement after each exposition, with continuous setup using microfluidic channel steadily supplied with photoresist transported to the active region of the sample.
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Antracyklinová antibiotika na bázi protilátkou směrovaného HPMA
Říhová, Blanka ; Strohalm, Jiří ; Jelínková-Ibrahimová, Markéta ; Kovář, Marek ; Šubr, Vladimír ; Etrych, Tomáš ; Mrkvan, Tomáš ; Šťastný, Marek ; Plocová, Daniela ; Šírová, Milada ; Hovorka, Ondřej ; Kubáčková, K. ; Ulbrich, Karel
Conjugates based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide represent a new generation of polymeric anticancer drugs with improved therapeutic potential and considerably decreased nonspecific side effects. Antibody -targeted derivatives show specific active targeting and nonspecific passive accumulation in solid tumors.
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