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Detekční systémy pro měření vyzařování vysokoteplotního plazmatu tokamaku COMPASS na bázi rychlých bolometrů a měkkých rentgenových detektorů
Vácha, Miroslav ; Weinzettl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Piffl, Vojtěch (referee)
Title: Detection systems for measurements of high-temperature plasma radiation on the COMPASS tokamak by fast bolometers and soft X-ray detectors Author: Miroslav Vácha Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: Mgr. Vladimír Weinzettl, Ph.D., Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, v.v.i. Supervisor's e-mail address: vwei@ipp.cas.cz Abstract: Multi-channel spectroscopic diagnostics on the COMPASS tokamak com- prising AXUV-based bolometers, soft X-ray (SXR) and visible light detectors will cover a wide spectral range of the core and edge plasma emission, aiming to realize a fast tomography at microsecond time scales. This thesis reports on a development of the bolometric and SXR diagnostics. First, procedures of the detector selection and their tests are described. There the design and tests of the special complex port plug, com- bining both detection systems, taken into account a strongly limited available space, a heat protection and a shielding during a cleaning glow discharge, is also summarized. Development of new electronic amplifiers and their connection with the data acquisition system is documented. In the last chapters, basic methods for analysis of data collected using these diagnostic systems are introduced. Keywords: tokamak, plasma radiation, photodiode, tomography
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Nesting behaviour and alternative reproductive tactics in solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Rezková, Kateřina ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Konvička, Martin (referee)
Proposed thesis describes nesting behaviour of gregarious solitary bee species Andrena vaga. The knowledge of behaviour in solitary bees can be very important, because solitarity might represent the initial point in the evolution of eusociality and obligate cleptoparasitism. A population of the studied species was observed continuously for two nesting seasons, which enabled me to describe basic demographic characteristics of studied species such as lenght of bee season, longevity, density of population, number of nests per female life, etc. All the observed behavioural patterns were described in ethogram and their exact position in provisioning cycle was determined. This information helped me to compile average daily activity of studied species. I found out major differences in bee behaviour in both years and between nonparasitized and stylopized (parasitized by Stylops) bees. I proved the existence of intraspecific cleptoparasitism in form of usurpations. Because it is crucial to link female to the provisioned cell for the detection of intraspecific cuckoo-like behaviour, I tested two new methods of underground cell marking - protein marking and fluorescent dye marking. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The foreign policy of the USA in the period of second Bush's administration
Matoušková, Hana ; Veselý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějka, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis reports on the foreign policy of the United States during the second administration of president George W. Bush. The foreign policy is subjected to a larger international context. The initial chapter summarizes some landmarks of the Bush's first administration, second chapter describes the official goals published in the Strategic Plan 2007-2012 (the document of the US State Department). The thesis is laying stress on the real steps of the Bush's government in the foreign realm from the characteristic of bilateral relations with the important states to negotiating in some distressed areas. There are mentioned the global trends for the year 2025 and the probable US position on the international scene in the future. The last chapter reflects on the change in the presidency and estimates in what measure will be the Obama's administration continual to the previous one in the leading of US diplomacy.
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Testing spatial cognition - a comparison of a group of patients with the Failed Back Surgery Syndrome with a healthy population sample
Střídová, Zuzana ; Čakrt, Ondřej (referee) ; Lepšíková, Magdaléna (advisor)
Diploma thesis summarizes recent knowledge of neurophysiology primarily self-perception and body- scheme. The aim is to contribute and enrich the recent theories. The thesis studies different quality of self-perception in healthy people and patients with chronic back pain, especially patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome. An experimental comparison between patients with FBSS and control group has been made. The research involved navigation tasks. Probands were blindfolded during the examination in the space cognition laboratory with the Blue Velvet Arena system. Certain differences between patients and control group have been detected. Further studies with larger number of patients are recommended, so the experiment returns more precise results and statistically valuable data. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Persistence of Human Polyomaviruses
Blažková, Kristýna ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Despite years of research, even the most scrutinized Polyomaviruses - BK and JC - have not yet been thoroughly understood. With a number of new Polyomaviruses - KIV, WUV, MCV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSV and HPyV9 described in the past few years, the need to understand how Polyomaviruses operate in their hosts has become even more urgent. The probable route of transmission appears to be either respiratory or faecal-oral. The initial infection occurs most likely in the early childhood or early-adolescence and is followed by a life-long persistence. The seroprevalence of Human Polyomaviruses among healthy adult population is high: BKV (81-97 %), JCV (35-69 %), KIV (55 %), WUV (69 %), MCV (25-46 %) and TSV (70-80 %). Human Polyomaviruses can cause fatal diseases in immunocompromised patients. The site of persistence in humans probably varies depending on the specific Polyomavirus. BK and JC are known to persist in kidneys and the urinary tract. Human Polyomaviruses have been detected in the lymphatic tissues, blood, respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems. It is not clear, however, if they persist in all of these sites. Mechanisms which Polyomaviruses use to establish and maintain persistent infection could include the viral miRNA and viral agnoprotein, which would result in a modulation of viral...
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Use of Imunohistochemical Methods in Diagnostics of Neoplasms
VELKOVÁ, Michala
This thesis deals with the application of immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis of neoplasms. Indications of immunohistochemical methods of particular departments in Hospital Písek, a.s. are outlined there. It describes the origins and development of this method in the Pathological Anatomy Department, Hospital Písek, a.s. In the theoretical part, I describe knowledge of single methods. As for immunohistochemistry, I focused on the determination of antigens and the use of suitable primary antibodies for diagnosing diseases, mostly neoplasms. There are 20 primary antibodies available at the Department of Pathological Anatomy. In the practical part, I compare conventional staining and immunohistochemical methods with conventional staining and special staining methods in histology for the diagnosis of tumours. Hematoxylin eosin serves for distinguishing of essential cellular components. Selective staining enables colour differentiation of various tissue components. Using immunohistochemistry, the presence of certain tissue antigens by antibody reaction with the immobilized chemical compounds is detected. This comparison I was applied at the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma and myogenic tumours at the Pathological Anatomy Department, Hospital Písek, a.s. For the determination of malignant melanomas, initially the sample was histologically processed and stained with Hematoxylin eosin staining base. Secondarily, the argentaffin reaction was used to detect melanin pigment and immunohistochemical staining of antigen HMB 45 using a mouse monoclonal antibody against HMB 45 by Dako Company and S 100 protein using a polyclonal rabbit antibody against S 100 by Dako Company. 14 samples of patients with malignant melanoma were examined this way. HMB 45 was stained positively in 12 samples out of 14 in total. Monoclonal antibody against HMB 45 is for malignant melanoma quite specific. S 100 protein was detected in all tissue samples. Polyclonal antibody against S 100 shows higher sensitivity, however it is not very specific. It is more used to distinguish neuroectodermal and nonneuroektodermálních lesions. Melanin was detected in 11 tissue samples. Detection of melanin is also non-specific and complicated. Argentaffin reaction shows colouring of other substances contained in the cytoplasm, such as lipofuscin therefore it is necessary to use other methods for the melanoma diagnosis, e.g. immunohistochemistry. In the diagnosis of myogenic neoplasms, Hematoxylin eosin basic staining was used and subsequently immunohistochemical examination followed to detect smooth muscle actin and desmin using monoclonal mouse antibodies by Dako Company and transparent Hematoxylin van Gieson staining, which is used less than in the past. A total of 94 myogenic neoplasms (leiomyoms uterus) were examined. 72 neoplasms stained with Hematoxylin van Gieson showed a positive colour reaction of muscle mass and 22 neoplasms weak colour reaction. Smooth muscle actin and Desmin was detected by immunohistochemistry in 92 samples. The main problem of Hematoxylin van Gieson staining remains less specificity and sometimes ambiguous differentiability of colour tones in their own preparation impeding and preventing to set a reliable diagnosis in some cases. For this reason, immunohistochemical detection of Smooth muscle actin and Desmin (amongst others) is preferred as key parameters. Preferably, you can then use positive antibody reaction with Smooth muscle actinof myoepiteliels in the search for possible invasiveness mainly to differentiate in situ and microinvasive tumous in glandular organs. The differential diagnosis of myogenic origin tumours currently prefers immunohistochemical methods to special staining for high sensitivity and specificity, as well as in the differential diagnosis of malignant melanoma. When combined, both approaches complement each other well and provide relatively high degree of certainty in determining cells origin.
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Expressing opinion on the internet. Rearers'reactions to the articles about actual topics. Stylistic and pragmatic analysis
Nedvědová, Petra ; Holanová, Radka (referee) ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor)
In my diploma thesis I have focused on the research work of the newly originated form of communication we can encounter in the readers reactions to the articles dealing with current topics. These articles can be found on the internet news servers. The selected reactions have been scrutinized especially from pragmatic point of view. Firstly, I have been trying to find out which form of language they belong to. After having revealed several features of spoken medium in the analyzed material, I came to a surprising conclusion that electronic communication of this type is neither written nor spoken but it should be placed somewhere between these two language forms. Furthermore, the findings of conversation analysis have been applied to the readers' reactions I have worked with in order to detect whether there is a conversation structure or not. The initial hypothesis has been confirmed as a result of my identifying the fundamental parts of conversation: turn, act, move, exchange, initiation, response etc. As far as the taxonomy of discourse acts is concerned the prevailing ones are informatives.
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Methods for Leishmania parasite detection and quantificatio as a tool for study of the pathogen-vector-host interactions
Kobets, Tetyana ; Lipoldová, Marie (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee)
Methods for Leishmania parasite detection and quantification as a tool for study of the pathogen-vector-host interactions Leishmaniasis in human is caused by total 21 species of the intracellular protozoan parasite Leishmania, which are transmitted by about 30 species of phlebotomine sand flies. Besides human, Leishmania can infect a number of vertebrate hosts. The major host cell is the macrophage, in which parasites multiply, eventually rupturing the cell and spreading to uninfected cells. Infected monocytes and macrophages circulating in the peripheral blood are thought to be carriers of the parasite to distal sites. Depending on the infected sites of the body, there are three forms of leishmaniasis: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. Leishmaniasis is a disease for which we still lack effective, affordable and easy to use drugs. In addition, surveillance and control are also neglected. This thesis summarizes the results of several projects using different approaches for parasite load measurement in the mouse model of leishmaniasis, including two methods that were developed and optimized in our laboratory. Detection and quantification of pathogens belongs to the major topics of the research of various infectious diseases. This parameter is necessary for confirmation of the diagnosis, characterization...
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Microscopy of Liquiritiae radix of different origin. II
Holečková, Dana ; Spilková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
In the Czech Pharmacopoeia the drug Liquiritiae radix is defined as dried, unpeeled or peeled, whole or cut root and stolons of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and/or Glycyrrhiza inflata BAT. and/or Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISH. The subject of this thesis was microscopic evaluation of roots and stolons G. glabra, G. pallidiflora, G.echinata and G. uralensis grown in the Czech Republic. Size of calcium oxalate crystals, vessels-wall, diameter width of vessels and number of medulary rays and amount of vessels were detected. By the comparision of the anatomical structure we can differentiate mainly G. pallidiflora. This thesis also summarises the information about different kinds of licorice, chemical compounds, pharmacological aktivity, further use and growing methods. Part of the thesis is photographic documentation of native preparation and pulverized drugs.
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Development of concept Blue Ocean strategy
Chiziţcaia, Oxana ; Doucek, Petr (advisor) ; Novotný, Jakub (referee)
The subject of this thesis are two terms, start-ups and strategies blue oceans. The aim is therefore to realize characteristic development of the strategy and the concept of start-up and subsequent analysis of the key success factors of start-ups, in correspondence to the strategy. Output objective is to formulate recommendations on the business segment, investors. The above primary terms are initially defined and subsequently integrated in terms of the practical analysis selected start-ups, which is also based design of this work. The work was divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part identifies and traces the development of the strategic concept at the time, according to the primary authors of publications strategy. Then I present the designation start-up and subsequent key factors. Subsequent practical part is converted, through analysis and comparison, theoretical background in practice. This section presents the start-ups Crowdholding and Emuj and subsequently evaluated their key success factors. In another part I implements assessment of the factors of their success in terms of key aspects of the Blue Ocean strategy. Outputs are recommendations for potential investors in terms of controversy over business plans. The conclusion summarizes the theoretical and practical part of the thesis.
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