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Analysis of the 2024 state budget revenue in light of the 2019 pre-crisis year
Janský, Petr ; Kolář, Daniel
This analysis compares planned state budget revenues in 2024 with the state budget outcomes of 2019. It charts a period in which the Czech economy and public budgets have been heavily impacted by the consequences of several major crises (coronavirus, the invasion of Ukraine and the war, an energy crisis, and an inflationary wave) as well as by significant parametric changes in the Czech tax system. 2019 can be considered the last pre-crisis year and 2024 the first post-crisis year, so they correspond to 'normal times' more closely than the years in between. This analysis builds on a previous analysis of the state budget expenditure development between 2019 and 2024 and includes a brief synthesis of findings on revenues and expenditures.
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COVID-19 and political preferences through stages of the pandemic: the case of the Czech Republic
Bičáková, Alena ; Jurajda, Štěpán
We track the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on political preferences through ‘high’ and ‘low’ phases of the pandemic. We ask about the effects of the health and the economic costs of the pandemic measured at both personal and municipality levels. Consistent with the literature, we estimate effects suggestive of political accountability of leaders during ‘high’ pandemic phases. However, we also find that the pandemic political accountability effects are mostly short-lived, and do not extend to the first post-pandemic elections.
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Disappearing stepping stones: technological change and career paths
Kashkarov, Daniil ; Artemev, V.
Which career paths lead workers towards high-skilled non-routine cognitive occupations? Using PSID data, we show that, for a significant share of workers, a career path towards non-routine cognitive occupations goes through middle-skilled routine occupations, with the majority going through a subset of routine cognitive occupations. We then argue that the decline in employment in routine cognitive occupations due to routine-biased technological change can negatively affect the chances of younger cohorts joining high-skilled occupations. To test this hypothesis, we develop a structural occupational choice model that endogenously generates realistic career paths and estimate it using PSID data and job ad data from three major US outlets covering the period from 1940 to 2000. Our estimations suggest that, on average, 6% of workers ending up in non-routine cognitive occupations use routine cognitive occupations as stepping stones that allow them to maintain and accumulate human capital and experience relevant for later employment in high-skilled occupations. A fall in employment opportunities in routine cognitive occupations over the period of the most intensive routine-biased technological change led to at least 1.37 million lost high-skilled workers who got stuck in less skilled occupations.
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Matching to suppliers in the production network: an empirical framework
Alfaro-Ureña, A. ; Zacchia, Paolo
This paper develops a framework for the empirical analysis of the determinants of input supplier choice on the extensive margin using firm-to-firm transaction data. Building on a theoretical model of production network formation, we characterize the assumptions that enable a transformation of the multinomial logit likelihood function from which the seller fixed effects, which encode the seller marginal costs, vanish. This transformation conditions, for each subnetwork restricted to one supplier industry, on the out-degree of sellers (a sufficient statistic for the seller fixed effect) and the in-degree of buyers (which is pinned down by technology and by “make-or-buy” decisions). This approach delivers a consistent estimator for the effect of dyadic explanatory variables, which in our model are interpreted as matching frictions, on the supplier choice probability. The estimator is easy to implement and in Monte Carlo simulations it outperforms alternatives based on group fixed effects. In an empirical application about the effect of a major Costa Rican infrastructural project on firm-to-firm connections, our approach yields estimates typically much smaller in magnitude than those from naive multinomial logit.
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The American origin of the French Revolution
Ottinger, Sebastian ; Rosenberger, L.
We show that the French combatants’ exposure to the United States increased support for the French Revolution a decade later. French regions from which more American combatants originated had more revolts against feudal institutions, revolutionary societies, volunteers for the revolutionary army, and emigrants from the Old Regime’s elite. To establish causality, we exploit two historical coincidences: i) originally, a French army of seven and a half thousand was ready to sail, but one-third did not, ii) among those deployed, only some regiments were stationed in New England. Only combatants exposed to New England affected the French Revolution after their return.
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Numerické optimalizační metody
Lukšan, Ladislav
Tato zpráva popisuje teoretické i praktické vlastnosti numerických metod pro nepodmíněnou optimalizaci. Studují se metody pro obecné i speciální optimalizační úlohy, mezi které patří minimalizace součtu čtverců, součtu absolutních hodnot, maximní hodnoty a dalších nehladkých funkcí. Kromě metod pro standardní úlohy středních rozměrů jsou studovány i metody pro rozsáhlé řídké a strukturované úlohy. Velká pozornost je věnována soustavám nelineárních rovnic.\n
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The People's Sovereign
von Wedel, Joachim ; Vojtíšek, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bargár, Pavol (referee) ; Hošek, Pavel (referee)
1. The introductory chapter provides an overview of the research question - namely the relationship between religion and modern democracy - and the literature used in the discussion of the topic. It is first shown that for the discussion of the connection between religion and modern democracy, no meaningful reference can be made to the concept of "political religions", which was developed in particular by Eric Voegelin for the connection between religion and modern totalitarian systems. On this basis, the concluding part of the introduction states the two central aims of the thesis: in a first step, other concepts (than that of political religion) are to be examined that might be considered for a discussion of the relationship between modern democracy and religion, in particular the concept of civil religion. Since this is not the case, the work turns to a second objective: the question of whether the historical beginnings of modern democracy in Paris in 1789 can instead provide a better answer to the question. 2. The second chapter will therefore examine the question of whether one of various conceptual proposals is suitable for clarifying this connection in a general way. Theological (Rothe, Gogarten, Rhonheimer), legal (Hörnle) and sociological (Durkheim) approaches are presented, but in...
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Protecting an Individual from Deprivation of Citizenship of the Union
Uradnik, Šimon ; Exner, Jan (advisor) ; Svobodová, Magdaléna (referee)
Protecting an Individual from Deprivation of Citizenship of the Union This master's thesis poses a central research question of whether the factual relationship between the European Union and a Union citizen is of such quality that it gives rise to the factual relation in the form of the genuine link, respectively, whether the legal relationship between the same subjects is of such quality that it gives rise to the legal relation in the form of the direct bond. As for the genuine link, the assessment is constructed on the basis of two aspects, namely-the mutual societal attachment of Union citizens to the European Union, and the shared political interests of Union citizens, in the sense of shared concern in politics and of shared political objectives. On the other hand, in terms of the direct bond, the legal relationship between the European Union and a Union citizen is examined through two prisms, namely-the autonomy of the form-status of Union citizenship, and the nonvicariousness of the content-rights of Union citizenship. The actual assessment of the factual relationship is conducted on the data from the Eurobarometer, and turnouts of the European Parliament elections in 2019 and of national elections by that time. The examination of the legal relationship is performed by virtue and postulates...
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Vzájemné ovlivňování angličtiny a druhého cizího jazyka a jejich vliv na jazykovou úroveň studentů na českých středních školách
Humhalová, Tereza ; Mikuláš, Martin (advisor) ; Dvořák, Bohuslav (referee)
My diploma thesis is concerned with the possible effects of linguistic transfer between a Czech grammar school students' acquired languages, namely English and French or German, on their performance in these languages. The thesis is written on the backdrop of the Czech Education System. The System of Curricular Documents and the related documents which predetermine the students' language development are introduced, and their most important implications for the development of the students' L2 and L3 are listed out. The foreign languages which this thesis is predominantly focused on, namely English, French and German, are analysed diachronically, synchronically and typologically to establish their main principles, their similarities, and differences, which may serve as the possible sources of linguistic transfer. Cognitive processes underlying the development of L2 and L3 systems in the context of the Czech Education System and relevant theories are introduced, including the variables which determine to a significant degree the development of these languages and may have implications for the possible instances of linguistic transfer. Hypotheses and research questions which arise from the theoretical research are then proposed, the answers to which I intend to provide by means of a...
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Employing museum and gallery education in preschool education
Jedináková, Natálie ; Kafková, Helena (advisor) ; Fulková, Marie (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the use of museum and gallery education in preschool education. The aim of the thesis is to find out what activities in this direction take place beyond the guided activities implemented directly in kindergartens. The following thesis deals with the theoretical definition and implementation of a short-term project consisting of a visit to one selected gallery, followed by an art series. The thesis further consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the characteristics of the preschool child, the definition of the gallery and the museum. and the relationship of these institutions to the RVP PV. The next part defines the current concept of art education in preschool education and presents a didactic model of planning art activities, with a link to the practical part where this model is realized. The practical part is divided into two parts: a research probe and a didactic part. In the research probe, interviews were conducted with teachers in kindergartens. The transcribed interviews were subsequently coded using the open coding method. The didactic part presented the art activities planned and implemented in the kindergarten by the author of this thesis. KEYWORDS Museum and gallery education, preschool education,...
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