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Role of the SMN complex in snRNP biogenesis
Hanušková, Klára ; Staněk, David (advisor) ; Šubrtová, Adriána (referee)
Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) are an essential component of the spliceosome, a dynamic protein complex that mediates RNA splicing. These particles are composed of a single small nuclear RNA, from which they take their name, a ring of seven Sm or LSm proteins and other accessory proteins. All snRNPs undergo a complex maturation pathway, taking place in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell. One important factor in snRNP biogenesis is the SMN complex, which is composed of the SMN, Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins. Its most important function is to mediate the assembly of the Sm core domain in the cytoplasm of the cell, with the help of the PRMT5 complex. Furthermore, the SMN complex is also involved in snRNA modification, import of the snRNP core, or assembly of the spliceosome itself. Despite more than two decades of research, some of the functions of the SMN complex and its particles have not been fully revealed, and thus it is not clear from the cell to what extent this complex influences not only snRNP biogenesis but also the entire spliceosome. The aim of this work, according to the available research, is to describe the SMN complex in more depth and to understand its functions in snRNP particle biogenesis. Key words: SMN complex, snRNP, snRNA, Sm protein, spliceosome
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The uset of HPLC in the field of chiral separations VIII.
Šlapáková, Tereza ; Horáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Lochman, Lukáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Student: Bc. Tereza Šlapáková Supervisor: RNDr. Ondřej Horáček, Ph.D. Consultant: doc. PharmDr. Radim Kučera, Ph.D. Title of thesis: The uset of HPLC in the field of chiral separations VIII. Carboranes are highly stable, hydrophobic, inorganic compounds that are based on an icosahedral structure composed of boron atoms. Some carborane representatives are chiral, which is mainly due to asymmetric substitution. The establishment of reliable and rapid methods to enable the separation of the enantiomers is necessary, which is important for their future use in practice. The high-performance liquid chromatography method is advantageous for practical application as it is widely used, robust, and applicable to a large range of fields. The aim of this work was to test the behavior of chiral carboranes on polysaccharide columns in HPLC. First, screening was performed by gradient method using six chiral polysaccharide-based stationary phases, the component A of the mobile phase was 50 mmol/l NaClO4, and the component B was ACN or MeOH. Subsequently, the method was converted to isocratic elution. The purpose of this study was to optimize the conditions to create a database of...
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Glucose effect on lipid metabolism homestasis in pancreatic β-cells
Stokičová, Linda ; Holendová, Blanka (advisor) ; Horáková, Olga (referee)
Lipids create an essential part of pancreatic β-cells. Not only they are the principal structural components and energy source, but they also play an indispensable role in β-cell physiology. Their metabolism is tightly interconnected with the metabolism of glucose, the fundamental β-cell molecule. The presence of lipids is critical for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and their turnover is inevitable for correct β-cell function. Lipids in the form of triacylglycerols, retinyl esters and cholesterol esters are stored in lipid droplets. These dynamic cellular structures are important for lipid metabolism and the protection of the cells against various types of stress. However, chronic exposure of β-cells to glucose and lipids can lead to disrupted glycerol/non-esterified fatty acid (GL/NEFA) cycle function, glucolipotoxicity and further dysfunction of β-cells, their dedifferentiation, insulin resistance, and finally type 2 diabetes. The experimental part focused on lipid metabolism in pancreatic β-cells in connection with glucose metabolism and redox environment. Glucose-induced expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism (fatty acid activation, lipolysis, lipogenesis, etc.) and the effect of modulated redox environment was investigated in β-cell line INS1E and isolated mouse pancreatic...
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Determination of active substances and possible degradation products in a historical sample of Algena from 1981
Bauerová, Markéta ; Nesměrák, Karel (advisor) ; Kozlík, Petr (referee)
The Algena tablet was an over-the-counter drug in the second half of the twentieth century in Czechoslovakia. Algena was mainly used against pain. The tablet contains four active substances: aminophenazone, aprobarbital, phenacetin, and caffeine. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the active substances in the Algena tablet from 1981,determinate theircontent,and possible degradation products.To complete these goals the RP-HPLC method with UV detection had to be involved and optimized.HPLC-MS was used to detect possible degradation products. Separation was performed on the XBridge® BEH C18 column (150×3.0 mm; 2.5 µm), binary elution was used. The first component of the mobile phase was0.1% aqueous solution of acetic acid and the second component was methanol. The determined contents of active substances (decelerated by the manufacturer) were: amino- phenazone 97.0%,aprobarbital89.2%, phenacetin 96.0% and caffeine 93.2%.Degradation products of the active substances were not detected by HPLC with MS detection. Key words: Algena, aminophenazone, aprobarbital, caffeine, degradation, phenacetin, RP-HPLC
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Effect of trunk stabilization on throwing velocity in heptathlon and decathlon athletes
Hanuliaková, Júlia ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Stupková, Michaela (referee)
Title: Effect of trunk stabilization on throwing velocity in heptathlon and decathlon athletes Background: Throwing disciplines are an important part of combined track and field events. A stable trunk is a necessary component of the kinematic chain in the generation of force during throwing. Throwing is usually ineffective if the leg and trunk muscles are unable to generate sufficient force or if there is no transfer of energy to the throwing arm. This paper examines the effect of trunk stabilization on throwing velocity. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether it is possible to increase the throwing velocity of heptathlon and decathlon athletes by using exercises aimed at improving trunk stabilization. Methods: Measurement of throwing velocity using sports radar, assessment of trunk stabilization level using Janda's stereotype of push-up, Kolar's bear test and deep squat test and McGillʹs torso muscular endurance test battery. Results: During the ten-week intervention focused on trunk stabilization, the experimental group experienced an average improvement in throwing velocity of 5.76 km/h (8.9%). The control group, continuing with standard training, experienced only a slight improvement in throwing velocity of 1 km/h (2%). In the evaluation of trunk stabilization, the...
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Development of active supplement with probiotics
Cveček, Jan ; Dzurická, Lucia (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Subject of this bachelor thesis was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of selected probiotic strains and determine how the probiotic growth is affected probiotic growth by prebiotics and essential oils. Probiotics are bacteria, which positively affect human health. They are mainly used in food industry as fermentation starter cultures, where they produce antimicrobial compounds that support resistance to pathogenetic bacteria during the fermentation process. In general, fermentation process is used to prolong the shelf-life of foodstuff. However, the applications of probiotics are very limited in food or other industry because probiotics are living organisms, so at least the industry tries to use their metabolic products. The method of encapsulation could support the usage of probiotics in other unusual ways. In experimental part of this thesis, the growth of probiotics was studied in both commercial MRS broth and in minimal broth, which could help with isolation of bioactive metabolic products such as lactic acid and bacteriocins. Additionally, the effect of prebiotic-inulin and essential oils from oregano and thyme on probiotics growth was investigated. In the second part of thesis, the content of lactic acid was analysed and antimicrobial activity of selected probiotic strains and effect of additives on activity was tested. Antimicrobial test discovered that prebiotics and essential oil from thyme enhanced the antimicrobial activity of tested samples. Also, the minimal broth was shown to be unsustainable for cultivation of used probiotics because selected strains exhibited small production of biomass and very low antimicrobial activity. In the third part, the probiotic strain was encapsulated with prebiotic and essential oil into alginate particles. Bacterial growth from the particles in MRS broth was investigated over period of 15 days. Results of this measurement were that probiotics were gradually released from particles over the period. Subsequently the potential use of these particles was proposed for further investigation.
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Financial time series analysis based on innovative Machine Learning Signal Processing approaches
Tshiangomba, Reagan Kasonsa ; Sehnalová, Pavla (referee) ; Cicone, Antonio (advisor)
Prognózování finančních časových řad bylo klasifikováno jako jeden z nejnáročnějších problémů v v posledním desetiletí kvůli jeho nestacionaritě a nelineárním vlastnostem. Na jednu stranu statistická techniky byly shledány neschopnými přesně předpovídat finanční časové řady. Na druhé straně techniky strojového učení dosáhly pozoruhodných výsledků, ale neposkytují explicitní způsob zacházení s nestacionární vlastností finančních časových řad. Navrhovaný přístup využívá schopnosti dekompozičních technik zpracování signálu k řešení nestacionární vlastnost finančních časových řad. Použitá technika rozkladu signálu v této práci je iterativní filtrování (IF), které generuje funkce vnitřního režimu (IMF). Tyto generované IMF spolu s původním signálem se používají k vytvoření časově-frekvenční reprezentace finanční časové řady zvané IMFogram. Dva typy údajů, jmenovitě MMF a IMFogram, se používají k trénování fúzní neuronové sítě pro predikci finančních časových řad. Jeden záznam součástí fúzní neuronové sítě je umělá neuronová síť (ANN), která bere jako MMF vstup. Další vstupní složkou fúzní neuronové sítě je konvoluční neuronová síť (CNN), která bere jako vstup IMFogram. Výstupy ANN a CNN jsou zřetězeny pro regresní úlohu. Ukážeme aplikaci tohoto nově vyvinutého přístupu k finančním datům, Abych byl přesný, série NASDAQ. A podáváme zprávy o jeho výkonu v různých scénářích hranic podmínky.
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Virtual commissioning of a robotic learning system
Dejmek, Tomáš ; Knoflíček, Radek (referee) ; Vetiška, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the virtual commissioning of a robotic system. This system is located in the premises of the Institute of Production Machines, Systems and Robotics of Brno University of Technology. Virtual commissioning has become an indispensable component in the creation of automated workplaces in recent years. It has an impact on reducing costs and downtime in production. The thesis contains a theoretical part, which is devoted to the research of topics related to virtual commissioning. This is put into a broader context with the concept of Industry 4.0. This is followed by a description of the parts of the robotic system and a description of the operations to be performed by the system. The practical part is devoted to a description of the creation of a simulation model in the RobotStudio software. This is followed by the last part, which introduces the creation of educational materials. These materials are text files containing a detailed procedure for working with RobotStudio. The output of this work is the virtual commissioning and creation of the tutorial materials.
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Od trusu k prostřenému ubrusu. Molekulární analýza potravy raka signálního
ŠKRABÁNEK, Jan
This thesis aimed to determine the diet of the signal crayfish in Křesánovský brook in 2020. In addition to that, we aimed to find and test suitable markers for the diet analysis of signal crayfish, which are described in the thesis. We analyzed the crayfish diet by examining DNA from faecal pellet samples collected monthly from April to September. By using group-specific DNA markers, we targeted the main dietary groups such as Heptagenidae (markers Hpt28Sf + Hpt28Sr), Ephemeroptera (Epa28Sf + Epa28Sr), Integripalpia and Spicipalpia (Inspi18Sf + Inspi18Sr), Plecoptera (Ple-gen A269 + Ple-gen S268), Chironomidae (Chiro18Sf + Chiro18Sr), and Gammaridae (Gamae28Sf + Gamae28Sr). We also focused on representatives of macrophytes Characeae (CHA677 + CHA1681R) and Eudicotyledons (MYR152F + MYR1696R). The results showed that the crayfish's diet varied during the sampling season. Gammaridae was the most common food item, found in 54.1% of the samples of faecal pellets. Heptagenidae, Integripalpia, and Spicipalpia were also significant, present in 31.3% of the samples. Plecoptera appeared in 20.8% of the samples, while Chironomidae and Characeae were found in 10.4%. Eudicotyledons were detected in 8.3% of the samples. Ephemeroptera were the least common food group, detected only in 2.1 %. Gammaridae were the most significant component of the crayfish diet in April (found in 7 samples), while Heptagenidae were the second most abundant component. The diet was more diverse in May, but Gammaridae remained the primary food source, followed by Integripalpia and Spicipalpia (in 5 samples). In June, Gammaridae was present in all samples, while Heptagenidae and Integripalpia/Spicipalpia were significant. In July, Heptagenidae was the most common food group (found in 5 samples), with Gammaridae found in 4 samples. No food items were detected in the samples from August and October, and only one sample contained Gammaridae in September. Overall, this study provides insights into both the seasonal variations in the diet of signal crayfish and markers suitable for its analysis.
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