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The Macroeconomic Impacts of the Selected Oil Shocks in the United States of America
Šikulová, Markéta ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Tajovský, Ladislav (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyze macroeconomic impacts of four selected oil shocks on the United States economy and their subsequent comparison. The first part of this study deals with the theoretical background of supply shock, its influence on the economy, and the possible responses of economic policy. Furthermore, in the first part I focus on the historical events that led to the oil crisis, specifically on the OPEC oil embargo imposed on the United States, production cuts caused by the Iranian revolution, Iran-Iraq War and Persian Gulf War and on the demand as well as the supply factors that led to the oil shock of 2007-2008. The second part of this study presents the specific impacts of four selected oil shocks on the US economy and their comparison. Based on the findings, it was possible to confirm the hypothesis saying that past oil shocks, especially those that took place in the 1970's, had more negative impacts on the United States economy in comparison with those that happened more recently. In other words, that the effects of changes in oil prices have lessened over time. There are many reasons of this moderation, but the most important ones include more effective monetary policy response, the decrease in wage rigidities, and more recently also the decline of United States dependency on imported oil.
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Potential of MIST and its influence on international trade
Gecko, Alexandr ; Bolotov, Ilya (advisor) ; Černá, Iveta (referee)
The thesis deals with the analysis of MIST markets (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey) in comparison to BRIC countries. The aim of the thesis is to emphasise the attractiveness and potential of MIST economies for international business and investments relating to their growing competitiveness. The first chapter introduces world trends in international trade and it describes the origin as well as the development of the group. The carried-out macroeconomic and demographic analysis in the second chapter reveals strengths and weaknesses of the MIST. The third chapter describes trade activities of the MIST and its current position in international trade. The fourth chapter analyses the entrepreneurial and investment environment of the group as well as its level of competitiveness. The carried-out research in the thesis has shown that the MIST economies represent a perspective group of developing markets with potential for trade and investment activities.
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A historical view of the army nurse profession.
PAVLÍKOVÁ, Andrea
The thesis deals with the profession of a military nurse. We can assert that the official study of military, non-medical health-care related qualifications and its use in practice not only for military purposes dates back to the fifties of the last century. However, women as health care professionals, consequently in uniforms, have always been an actual issue. The development of health care activities always existed, however, we must not neglect influence of scientific and medical findings. The historical timeline of development of medical care in the battle field was recorded and ranges from pre-historical healing. The way of Christian medicine was negatively influenced by the Catholic Church. The dark period of the Middle Ages had actually wrested medical performance from the hands of specialists and the suffering were left to the "tender" mercies of the priests. The following part of the thesis concerns modern medicine where enlightenment reforms were exercised. Some of the original six-month courses for military surgeons were organised in this period of time; they weretransformed into Military Surgical Academy, out of which the famous Josefinum originated. A expression of humanity which supported a form of health care of war veterans was demonstrated by constructing buildings for invalid people. The second half of the nineteenth century is characterized by the phenomenon of the presence of nuns in military hospitals. This study goes further in depth of professionally organized healthcare right in the battle field, which dates back from the era of wars in the Crimea.This stage describes the transformation of caring into nursing which requires the necessity of specialized preparation of persons providing nursing practice. In addition, Henry Dunant engraved himself into the history of the profession of a nurse, as the founder of the Red Cross, who first trained health care professionals for working within armed intentions of the state. The continuation of this action sketches out the process of providing first aid in principal armed conflicts of the twentieth century. It describes the functioning of commander operated military health service of that time. WWI drove Czech medical staff to both sides of the front where they provided medical help to the injured. Nurses of the WWII already performed their duties in uniforms as the rightful members of the army. The thesis also mentions post-war usage of military health care professionals in secret foreign missions and their specialized erudition.Last but not least, it marginally discusses contemporary possibilities of modern health care service of the Army of the Czech Republic. The goal of the endeavours of writing this thesis was to chart out clearly the development of the profession of a military nurse within the historical context, focusing mainly on women coming from Czech regions. In order to make the history background concerning specific female participants of the world war conflicts understandable to the reader, this paper reports, in broader extension, peculiar medical and nursing findings, already from the era of prehistoric civilisations. The history study method were applied for the purpose of the theoretical thesis. The methodology is based on searching, studying, sorting and the consecutive systematic objective describing of the events from the past times with the intention to propose comprehensive report on the subject given. It was necessary to study inexhaustible amount of sources to obtain awareness of historical connections. Factual information was derived by analysing of primary and mainly secondary documents. The thesis sketches out histories of military health care and the profession of a military health care professional stemmed from the exploration of appropriate written sources and conclusion of the basic findings. The intentions of the work are not only to clarify the past but also to contribute to solutions of every-day issues.
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Winter Density of House Sparrow in Different types of Rural Settlements along the Czech – Austria Border
Oberpfalzerová, Michaela ; Zasadil, Petr (advisor) ; Šmejdová, Lucie (referee)
From the point of view of the Czech Republic in the last 80 years we can specify two periods, which had a significant impact on the general character and development in agriculture. The first period can be traced to the 50s of the last century, in which the concentration of agricultural production headed towards to factory farming. The second one began at the beginning of the 90s. At that time a sharp downtown of animal production occurred and the sooner concentrated production began, after the regaining by previous owners, to erode into what it is today private agriculture.
This thesis aims tocontribute to a confirmation of rejection of the hypothesis that the above described changes have a negative impact on the selected avian species. These species are represented by significantsynanthropic birds: house sparrow (which is a crucial representative in this thesis), tree sparrow and collared dove. Thirty municipalities were chosen to emphasize the differences in quantity of these species, half of them located on each side of the border with the Czech Republic and Austria. The comparison of quantities of bird populations took place in the surroundings of the cities Znojmo and Retz.In this thesis the Republic of Austria acts as a country which has not been burdened by a substantial economic development and which has applied the continuous market economy since the end of the Second World War.
In the individual squares the numbers of the representatives of the studied species and the environmental characteristics were recorded during the winter period. The significant differences in the numbers of birds at selected locations were demonstrated using a multifactor ANOVA STATISTICA 12. Moreover, the impact of selected environmental variables on the abundance of observed species was also analysed. It was found that the selected species depend on an inclusion into the individual states as well as on a classification into various biotope types. Finally, the dependence on the area of trees and bushes, the proportion of new buildings and the presence of poultry in the square were also observed. The most numerous species in the Republic of Austria was the house sparrow, the most abundant species in the Czech Republic was the collared dove. A slight increase in the occurrence of the collared dove was recorded in both states. Tree sparrow as a species occurred in relatively large numbers, but only locally. It was found that the populationsof the above mentioned species were generally more numerous in the Austrian municipalities. An interesting fact is that most of the observed individuals in the Czech Republic occurred in village built-up areas rather than in agricultural premises, as it was initially estimated.
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The Role of Agriculture in the Care of the Historical Mountain Meadows in Sklenářovice
Wolfová, Tereza ; Vaněk, Jindřich (advisor) ; Fedurcová, Alena (referee)
This Bachelor´s theses informs about the degradation of the highland meadows in the Krkonoše region. The process was closely connected with the ressetlement of the original Germans after the 2nd World War. After that nobody wanted to move to this region because of very hard living conditions and mountain landscape. That is why many villages (including Sklenářovice) declined and became desserted. The village of Sklenářovice has very rich history, for example gold mining, a typical activity for the whole Rýchory highland massif. Therefore this Bachelor´s theses icludes also the summary of the most important historical events of this small mountain village situated in the northtern part of Trutnov region. For gaining all the information I used scientific literature and other information resources.
The postwar transfer of the original German inhabitants influenced the life in the village and its surrouding landscape as well. It started to decline because of the lack of experienced farmers. Our forfathers made regular mow of meadows and bred the cattle in the pastures. Diversity of natural species was therefore very rich not only in the Sklenářovice valley but in the whole region. Unfortunately after the 2nd World War new comers didn´t know how care about the meadows properly. That is the reason why the meadows changed a became more and more overgrown. In the following years many things happened for example the establishing of forest brigades or state farming. All these things made the quality of meadows worse.
The situation got better in the 90´s of the 20th century. People realised the necessity of returning to original farming so that its natural and landscape values can be renewed. We can see the start of many programmes for renewal of the original Krkonoše landscape. Most of them are under the leadership of the Administration of Krkonoše Mountains National Park. This Bachelor´s theses suggests the effiecient ways of farming in the meadows so that its natural biological diversity can be preserved. It also informs about its protected biotopes.
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Computerization of public procurement in the Czech Republic
Komárková, Tereza ; Žáková Kroupová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Slaboch, Josef (referee)
This bachelor thesis is aimed to picture and compare the costs of an average tender for public procurement done by classical paperwork and by electronic ways. The thesis is aiming for users of electronic tools and other electronic processes connected with assigning the tenders.
In the first part the process of assigning the tenders is pictured along with the description of every single electronic tools and processes. In the second part are quantified the costs of these tools and processes.
Data was gathered by questionnaire. 10 respondents were contacted as contracting authority and 4 as administrators. Subsidy authorities were also questioned. Last but not least was used market research to show the incremental costs.
According to the gathered data, public procurement using electronic means bring lower costs for administrating officers might appear though. On the other hand the jobs of these officers are significantly simplified by use of these electronic means. Great money savees can be made by higher transparency of the electronic way. With the higher transparency the concracting authority can avoid possible objection and proceedings before The office for the protection of market competition (from sanctions thus granded this authority).
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Agritourism focusing on South Bohemian Region
Marková, Veronika ; Navrátilová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Toth, Štefan (referee)
The theme of the bachelor thesis is agri-tourism as regards of business opportunities for privately employed farmers. The theoretical part presents the views of experts on tourism and their assessment of business conditions in the area. Work conceives the issue from a broader perspective so. Rural tourism, which is still in our tradition. Its development after the Second World War stopped on time, so then in the sixties and seventies, people again this tradition continue in its own way. In those years the city's population began to buy and renovate rural houses and with it also certainly change the character of rural communities. Popularity rural tourism illustrate the results of the survey, which is the content of the practical part. Respondentskou second group are farmers operating in tourism and agro-tourism offering to its farmách.Results of interviews with eight farmers frequent reveal the reasons for the slow development of this business, which returns in the evaluation spirit of the subsequent discussion. In cinclusion of work are indicate some possibilities of development of tourism and conditions of its application in the tourism market.
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The 2008 crisis and the response of France in the European context
Giusiano, Grégoire ; Maitah, Mansoor (advisor) ; Anna, Anna (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to analyze what have been the impacts of the 2008 financial crisis in France and what were the direct reactions of the government to it. This analysis would be put in perspective by comparing it to the policies taken by various European neighbors. In the first part we analyze the cause of the crisis bubble-burst cycle and more precisely of the financial crisis. We conclude that a financial crisis comes from an accumulation of debt badly invest. We then study the example of the crisis of 1929 and the measure taken by the American government during the Great Depression through the New Deal. We explain that the measures not only planned on distributing money for the demand but set people to work and reformed the general economic environment. After studying the crisis of 2008 in the United State we see that even if the crisis began in the financial sector, its repercussion were felt on the entire economy. In the second part we analyze the main economic trends of France since World War Two. We will see that after thirty years of high growth and social development, the country was for thirty years on a downward trend of the economic development. We will study the case of unemployment, which is representative of the politic and economic system of France. We will realize that the different governments do not seem to be able to reform the country through sustainable measures that go beyond the impact of the announcement itself. We will then analyze the first effects of the crisis on the French economy to conclude that it resulted in the worsening of all the main macro-economic indexes, with the deepening of the debt and the development of a recession. We will then be able to compare those results to three major indexes of two other Europeans countries: the Czech Republic and Germany. We will see that those two countries, due to the importance of exportations on their national economies, and in the case of the Czech Republic, the importance of Germany, suffered more, in proportion, compared to France. In the third part we will study the measures taken by the French government in the aftermath of the crisis and the effects of those measures. We will see that if they plan to support the country through the help to the companies, the measure lack of long term planning. They are short terms measures that helped the country pass the worst of the crisis, but with long lasting effects on the country's debt. We will then compare them to the measures taken by the United Kingdom and Germany. Those two country are interesting to study since the British government made the choice of mainly directly supporting the consumption and Germany, with the largest European stimulus package was acting on all fronts. We will conclude that the main result for the two countries are the growing debt in percentage of GDP, but also that the long term effects are more taken into account in those two plans.
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Evaluation of Apple Brand in the Czech republic
Susová, Romana ; Toth, Štefan (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The thesis covers different approaches Apple is using to attract consumers.
The paper is divided in two parts. The theoretical part includes specific attributes that all together create the final brand image and it also describes the process of building of the relationship between the brand and its customers. In this part special attention is paid to marketing mix and advertisement.
At the beginning of the second, practical, part there is an analysis of different elements of Apple brand image together with description of application of different components of marketing mix in practice. In particular this part describes concrete characteristics that make Apple stand out in tough market competition. Moreover the researcher made a closed questionnaire that aims to describe the relationship between Apple and its users in Czech Republic.
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