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Radiotherapy in the treatment of laryngeal cancer
FIŠEROVÁ, Kateřina
Cancer of larynx and treatment of this disease influences significantly basic functions-breathing, swallowing, voice and therefore all aspects of the patiens life. The treatment objektive for carcinoma of the larynx is to obtain the best cure rate with the optimal preservation of organ function. Radiotherapy and surgery alone or in combination have been the primary treatment modalities for carcinoma of the larynx. Radiotherapy is delivered primarily for early lesions, because the voice duality is better then after surgery. With radiotherapy are treated patients with medical contraindications for general anesthesia or patients who refuse surgery too. In treatment of advanced lesions combination of radiotherapy and surgery unsecure adequate therapeutic effect. So this modalites are combined with chemotherapy. Recently, neoadjuvant or induction chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy has been used in the treatment of advanced operable laryngeal cancer with organ preservation. Only evaluation of therapeutic results leads to rightfulness to use therapeutic modality. It is necessarily to progress uniformly for obtaining of these results. Just now, in this essay are imaged particular possibilities of therapy on workplaces in the Czech republic in comparing with abroad data.
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Education of patients with ulcerative colitis
VEČEŘOVÁ, Iva
My bachelor thesis focused on " Education of patients with ulcerative colitis " has been split in theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part has been focused on characteristicsof ulcerative colitis and education. This part has been split in nine chapters. The chapters describe anatomy and physiology of colon, definition of the disease, its causes, symptoms and complications. Furthermore, the chapters have been focused on examination methods and treatment of ulcerative colitis and nursing care. The last chapter of the theoretical part has been devoted to education. There were two aims defined for the bachelor thesis; to describe methods of educating the clients suffering from ulcerative colitis and to determine efficiency of education for a patient suffering from ulcerative colitis (in the course of 3 months after the first education). Based on the specified aims, three investigation questions were asked. What is the effect of the suggested education on health status of a client suffering from ulcerative colitis? Does observance of diet measures affect relapse of the disease? How do reasonable physical strain and psychical stress affect the disease? The practical part of the thesis has been processed through qualitative research. The research was made with respondents with the diagnoses of ulcerative colitis and with nurses who work at gastroenterologic ward in the hospital in České Budějovice, a.s. The research was split in three parts. The first part included interviewing of eight respondents with the diagnoses of ulcerative colitis. The interview was semi-structured. This included eighteen questions focused on the progress of the disease, education of the respondent, diet measures and influence of physical strain and psychical stress on the disease. Then, each respondent was educated through the education. The second part included interviewing of three nurses from gastroenterologic ward in the hospital in České Budějovice, a.s. The interview was semi-structured, too. It included sixteen questions which are very similar to allow better comparison with the patients. The third part was focused on check of knowledge and efficiency of former education of three respondents. This was a structured interview. It included five questions. These were focused on present status of the disease, evaluation of observance and efficiency of the low-residue diet and the basis of mental hygiene. The interviews were taken in calm home environment. Results of the research showed that the respondents have lack of information most frequently in the field of physical strain and psychical stress and often in the field of low-residue diet. However, the respondents are mainly well-educated about the definition of the disease and about treatment. In my opinion, my bachelor thesis is helpful because it has proven that correct education may have positive effect on the progress of the disease. The thesis might be also used as education material and it might help improve education of clients with the diagnoses of ulcerative colitis.
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The system and the financing system of psychiatric care in the Czech Republic in the period 2010-2016
Křížová, Natálie ; Lukášová, Tereza (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on mental health, which is becoming a socio-economic problem these days. Since there is a constant prevalence of patients with mental illnesses and thus an increase of a burden in the economic system, this work explains the system of psychiatric care, which is crucial for the future development of mental health of Czech population. Based on the analysis of the issue it is evident that the effort to manage the care system to community care will do not contribute to the reduction of treatment costs, but on the other hand, will facilitate the accessibility to psychiatric facilities for patients. The funding of psychiatric care is not based on the national health system, which influences the direction of a large part of the funds for treatment in psychiatric hospitals.
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Klusáčková, Pavlína ; Pelclová, Daniela (advisor) ; Hajduková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
Early diagnosis of occupational asthma is important especially for the prognosis of this disease. The confirmation of the diagnosis of occupational asthma is sometimes difficult using diagnostic methods available nowadays. That is why searching new methods is very important. Analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry enables the separate detection of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) - LTC4, LTD4, LTE4; LTB4 and 8-isoprostane. If patients with occupational asthma and controls were compared, only LTC4 was significantly higher among all EBC parameters studied in asthmatics (despite corticosteroid treatment). This marker could be used in the future diagnostics. Monitoring of 24-hours variability of EBC parameters in patients, in whom occupational asthma is suspected, showed relatively high intraindividual and interindividual variation. It is evident therefore, that if only one daily measurement in asthmatics would be possible (which is common in articles of several authors), it should be collected in the same period of day in all persons. In negative bronchoprovocation tests significant changes of EBC parameters were not found. The evaluation of positive bronchoprovocation tests was limited by small number of patients, however in five persons from six, the...
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není uveden
Bahannan, Abdulrehman ; Slavíček, Aleš (advisor) ; Dlouhá, Olga (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
Endoscopic laser-assisted cordectomies classified by Remacle and Rudert (typ I-V cordectomies) comprise a vast range of procedures from simple vocal cord stripping or submucosal cordectomy (type I) through more extensive surgery (subligamentous cordectomy- type II, transmuscular chordectomy- type III) to complete (type IV) or extended cordectomies (type V) used when tumour involves the anterior commisure, arytenoid region, subglottic region etc. Endoscopic laser-assisted surgery of the larynx is usually indicated in early stages of infiltrative malignant disease of the glottic region (Tla-b, T2) or in preneoplastic conditions (laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia - LIN I, II or III). Radiotherapy is also believed to be an equivalent type of oncological therapy for these diseases. Both surgery and radiotherapy can worsen one of the main functions of the human larynx- the human voice. Because the overall survival rates and local control rates are quite similar in both types of therapy, one should always have in mind something that is beyond the main goal of achieving radical removal of the tumour- patients quality of life (QoL) and quality of voice. It is very interesting to compare QoL and voice quality in different types of treatment. The possibility to conserve the radiotherapy for the possible recurrence...
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The possibilities of use of the robotic system da Vinci for treatment of localized prostate tumor
Podzimek, Michal ; Kočárek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolombo, Ivan (referee)
Cancer of prostate is the most frequent male malignity and also it is the second most common cause of death in Europe and in the USA. There are 2 228 new cases reported in the Czech republic per year. The probability of occurrence of this disease is one to six during whole life. There is a good success in detection of his disease in the early stage due to development of screening methods. In such case the radical prostatectomy is very successful method of treatment. Besides of operation methods like open radical prostatectomy and laparoscopic prostatectomy there is a new operation method using robotic system da Vinci. The aim of this machine is to bring the advantages of the miniinvasive surgery together with keeping intuitive handling like in open surgery. First da Vinci system was bought and installed in the Central military hospital in Prague, Czech republic in 2005. The common knowledge about using this method is very low in both general public and specialists. Nor patients, neither their doctors often know about possibility of surgery using da Vinci system. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate almost three years of experience of treatment localized prostate tumor using da Vinci system, and to describe its possibilities, benefits and disadvantages. Collection of 255 patients files aged...
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Utilization of the database applications in clinical research
Telička, Zdeněk ; Jiskra, Jan (advisor) ; Doležal, Tomáš (referee)
The Diploma Thesis "Utilization of database applications in clinical research" deals with development of client-server database application for 3rd Medical Department, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. Application's aim is to store structured data of patients' examinations, treatments and biochemical results. Purpose of the application is to facilitate data processing for clinical research, which is very difficult, because information stored in hospital information system doesn't contain detailed records from medical examinations. Also, searching for several entries is slow. As well, application allows import patient identification data from hospital information system. This function provides physicians wide range of possibilities in data processing 4 and comparison in relation to treatments. Effective feature of this application is faster writing medical reports stored in information system because they are automatically generated from application's database.
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Genetic Aspects of Sporadic Ovarian Cancer
Jančárková, Natalia ; Freitag, Pavel (advisor) ; Rokyta, Richard (referee) ; Kohoutová, Milada (referee)
58 9. SUMMARY Molecular biological parameters, including genetic alterations, present new and perspective direction in diagnostics, prediction of prognosis, monitoring and possible therapeutic approaches in oncological disease. The results presented have to do with the project, which is concentrated upon chromosomal rearrangements in ovarian and cervical cancer and their correlations with available parameters of both molecular biological and clinical characteristics. Sixty patients with ovarian cancer and twenty patients manifesting cervical cancer were included into the study. The histological type and grade, MIB-1 and p53 (using immunohistochemical method) were estimated by histopathologist. Both conventional karyotyping and molecular-cytogenetic methods (fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization) were applied to reveal chromosomal aberrations. The results were subjected to statistical evaluation, using analysis of variances and χ2 test. There were correlated parameters of quantitative and qualitative character - age, stage, histological type, grade, CA 125 before and after treatment, MIB-1, p53, surgical residuum, lymphadenectomy, response rate, chromosomal rearrangements. Analyses accomplished in ovarian cancer group revealed typical amplifications on chromosomes 1q, 3q and...
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The nursing process in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Václavková, Aleksandra ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Kaplická, Jitka (referee)
This bachelor ́s thesis deals with patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). The thesis includes a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical one, underlying anatomical and physiological disturbances in key organ systems are discussed. A historical review, genetics aspects, manifestations of the disease and current treating possibilities are also concerned. Despite a considerable improvement on the field of the diagnostic process, the diagnosis of CF is still often considered to late with negative consequences on the prognosis. Although the causal therapy is still not existing, an intensive supportive care can significantly prolong and improve the quality of life of the patients. Considerable progress in the treatment research promises a total cure in the future. The practical part of the thesis contains an analysis of separates steps of the nursing process and its practical application in one concrete patient. I elaborated a nursing anamnesis according to the Gordon's functional health model. I elicited detailed information about patient's health state for establishing his complex evaluation. When the nursing problems determined and the diagnoses established, I worked on the realisation of defined nursing goals. According to the efficacy feedback, I continuously adapted the approach to the...
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