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Public awareness concerning risk factors leading to hypertension
LEPŠÍKOVÁ, Leona
The public´s awareness about risks of hypertension Cardiovascular diseases are the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the Czech republic. It is widely known that arterial hypertension is one of the factors that may subsequently lead to irreversible changes and death. Arterial hypertension together with its high prevalance among adults in industrial nations (20 - 30 %) represent a serious health problem. It is one of the most major risk factors of ischemic heart disease along with diabetes, hyperlipoproteinemia, obesity and smoking. The aim of this work is to establish whether the public are aware of and adhere to precautionary measures which lessen the risk of hypertension. There are two hypotheses: 1. The public know the risk factors in the rise of hypertension. 2. The public fail to maintain precautionary measures preventing the rise of hypertension. The research group was formed by the public in the Vysočina region. Data was collected using questionnaires. The questionnaires were addressed to respondents of all age groups. There were distributed 160 questionnaires altogether. The final number of questionnaires used for data processing amounted to 126 questionnaires. The results showed that the public in the Vysočina region are informed about risks of hypertension (obesity, overeating, a high intake of salt in food, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise and stress) and maintain precautionary measures preventing the rise of hypertension. To prevent hypertension from a frequent occurrence, it is essential to know of and avoid risk factors, to learn a healthy lifestyle and to realize that we ourselves are responsible for our health. It is, therefore, important to pay more attention to this problem and keep the public educated, e.g. through leaflets in GPs´ surgeries, and also this dissertation may serve the purpose.
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Index ekonomické svobody, případ České republiky
Shrbený, Filip ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
We have identified number of possible advices for the Czech Republic to improve its rating for both Heritage Foundation and Fraser Institute Economic Freedom Index, which often leads to top 10 countries in the world. These advices range from cuts in government spending, betterment in judicial system, to the establishing healthier environment for startups and advices to combat corruption. We further noticed some divergence between above mentioned indexes and managed to evaluate those indexes, which showed the simplicity yet usefulness of Heritage EFI and flexibility and sensitivity of the Fraser EFI. Weak sides of the research were noted and ideas for further research were given.
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Estimate VAT selection after the introduction of electronic evidence of sales in the Czech Republic from 2016
Píchal, Dominik ; Pikhart, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zeman, Martin (referee)
The Bachelors Thesis focuses on the topic of the tax collection and other subjects that are related to the topic like underground economy, tax evasion and other instruments that lead to the efficiency improvement of the tax collection. Electronic evidence of taxes in Czech is the kind of the instrument that aims towards the increase of the tax collection and improvement of the control of the taxpayer. Comparation and analysis was used for its methodological basis. Analysis and comparison serves as the proof that the thesis, of the electronic evidence of taxes beeing an effective instrument, is correct. The merit of the thesis is an overall description of the chosen phenomena affecting the tax collection, description of the models of electronic evidence of taxes from abroad and most importantly description and analysis of the upcoming czech one.
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The effect of investment in tertiary education on gross wages in the region Prague
Diessner, Daniel ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
The aim of this work is to determine whether and how higher education affects gross wages. The theoretical part focuses on the theory of human capital, especially investment in education. The theory posits that a higher investment in human capital leads to higher yield, higher wages. The validity of this concept will be tested on the group of respondents who entered the labour market at the turn of millennium. Concentration of candidates with tertiary education in this period has risen considerably, which could cause an imbalance in the labour market. The practical part is based on the work of Mincer (1974). I used Mincer Earnings Function as a basis to build regression model. Partial aim is to prove the declining rate of return on investment in tertiary education using Mincer Equation.
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Makroekonomický dopad mateřské (a rodičovské) dovolené ve srovnání České Republiky s Brazílií
Kalkusová, Marie ; De Castro, Tereza (advisor) ; Neumann, Pavel (referee)
This thesis aims to estimate the macroeconomic impact of maternity and parental/paternal leave in the Czech Republic and Brazil. In addition, the thesis stresses out the costs of Czech model application to Brazil and vice-versa. The first chapter brings a theoretical framework. It compares the analyzed policies in both countries and introduces the relevant terms. The second chapter estimates the costs of maternity and parental/paternal leave related to public expenditure and GDP for the years 2005-2014 and brings own simulation model for Czech model application to Brazil and vice-versa. The third chapter analyses the inefficiencies and suggest possible mitigation. The results show the costs of 0.71% of GDP and 1.66% of public expenditure in the Czech Republic and 0.50% GDP and 2.27% of public expenditure in Brazil in 2014. The Czech model applied in Brazil would be very costly and the opposite scenario would lead to the decrease of macroeconomic burden in the Czech Republic. The thesis also analyzes the influence of maternal and parental leave in other areas, such as labor market, where the current structure may penalize Czech women in long term. By this analysis, the thesis contributes to the current debate about the impact, the length and costs of maternity and parental leave.
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Doing business while studying
Kopecká, Adéla ; Kašparová, Eva (advisor) ; Novák, Pavel (referee)
This thesis is written about factors, which leads people doing business while studiing. It is more actual then ever and it is more and more popular between people. This thesis tries to find out which factors are important, that student starts his/her own business. This thesis is devided to two parts. the first one is teoretical and second one is practical. Teoretical part is about business and motivation. The aim of second part is to identifie and examine factors of motivation doing business, analysis of current situation in Czech republic and analysis of business support also in Czech republic and abroad.
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Clustering and regression analysis of micro panel data
Sobíšek, Lukáš ; Pecáková, Iva (advisor) ; Komárek, Arnošt (referee) ; Brabec, Marek (referee)
The main purpose of panel studies is to analyze changes in values of studied variables over time. In micro panel research, a large number of elements are periodically observed within the relatively short time period of just a few years. Moreover, the number of repeated measurements is small. This dissertation deals with contemporary approaches to the regression and the clustering analysis of micro panel data. One of the approaches to the micro panel analysis is to use multivariate statistical models originally designed for crosssectional data and modify them in order to take into account the within-subject correlation. The thesis summarizes available tools for the regression analysis of micro panel data. The known and currently used linear mixed effects models for a normally distributed dependent variable are recapitulated. Besides that, new approaches for analysis of a response variable with other than normal distribution are presented. These approaches include the generalized marginal linear model, the generalized linear mixed effects model and the Bayesian modelling approach. In addition to describing the aforementioned models, the paper also includes a brief overview of their implementation in the R software. The difficulty with the regression models adjusted for micro panel data is the ambiguity of their parameters estimation. This thesis proposes a way to improve the estimations through the cluster analysis. For this reason, the thesis also contains a description of methods of the cluster analysis of micro panel data. Because supply of the methods is limited, the main goal of this paper is to devise its own two-step approach for clustering micro panel data. In the first step, the panel data are transformed into a static form using a set of proposed characteristics of dynamics. These characteristics represent different features of time course of the observed variables. In the second step, the elements are clustered by conventional spatial clustering techniques (agglomerative clustering and the C-means partitioning). The clustering is based on a dissimilarity matrix of the values of clustering variables calculated in the first step. Another goal of this paper is to find out whether the suggested procedure leads to an improvement in quality of the regression models for this type of data. By means of a simulation study, the procedure drafted herein is compared to the procedure applied in the kml package of the R software, as well as to the clustering characteristics proposed by Urso (2004). The simulation study demonstrated better results of the proposed combination of clustering variables as compared to the other combinations currently used. A corresponding script written in the R-language represents another benefit of this paper. It is available on the attached CD and it can be used for analyses of readers own micro panel data.
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Use of Interest Rate Models for Interest Rate Risk Management in the Czech Financial Market Environment
Cíchová Králová, Dana ; Arlt, Josef (advisor) ; Cipra, Tomáš (referee) ; Witzany, Jiří (referee)
The main goal of this thesis is to suggest an appropriate approach to interest rate risk modeling in the Czech financial market environment in various situations. Three distinct periods are analyzed. These periods, which are the period before the global financial crisis, period during the financial crisis and in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and calming subsequent debt crisis in the eurozone, are characterized by different evaluation of liquidity and credit risk, different relationship between financial variables and market participants and different degree of market regulations. Within this goal, an application of the BGM model in the Czech financial market environment is crucial. Use of the BGM model for the purpose of predicting a dynamics of a yield curve is not very common. This is firstly due to the fact that primary use of this model is a valuation of interest rate derivatives while ensuring the absence of arbitrage and secondly its application is relatively difficult. Nevertheless, I apply the BGM model to obtain predictions of the probability distributions of interest rates in the Czech and eurozone market environment, because its complexity, direct modeling of a yield curve based on market rates and especially a possibility of parameter estimation based on current swaptions volatilities quotations may lead to a significant improvement of predictions. This improvement was also confirmed in this thesis. Use of swaptions volatilities market quotations is especially useful in the period of unprecedented mone- tary easing and increased number of central banks and other regulators interventions into financial markets that occur after the financial crisis, because it reflects current market expectations which also include future interventions. As a consequence of underdevelopment of the Czech financial market there are no market quotations of Czech koruna denominated swaptions volatilities. I suggest their approximations based on quotations of euro denominated swaptions volatilities and also using volatilities of koruna and euro forward rates. Use of this approach ensures that predictions of the Czech yield curve dynamics contain current market expectations. To my knowledge, any other author has not presented similar application of the BGM model in the Czech financial market environment. In this thesis I further predict a Czech and Euro area money market yield curve dynamics using the CIR and the GP models as representatives of various types of interest rates models to compare these predictions with BGM predictions. I suggest a comprehensive system of three criteria, based on comparison of predicti- ons with reality, to describe a predictive power of selected models and an appropria- teness of their use in the Czech market environment during different situations in the market. This analysis shows that predictions of the Czech money market yield curve dynamics based on the BGM model demonstrate high predictive power and the best 8 quality in comparison with other models. GP model also produces relatively good qua- lity predictions. Conversely, predictions based on the CIR model as a representative of short rate model family completely failed when describing reality. In a situation when the economy allows negative rates and there is simultaneously a significant likelihood of their implementation, I recommend to obtain predictions of Czech money market yield curve dynamics using GP model which allows existence of negative interest rates. This analysis also contains a statistical test for validating the predictive power of each model and information on other tests. Berkowitz test rejects a hypothesis of accurate predictions for each model. However, this fact is common in real data testing even when using relatively good model. This fact is especially caused by difficult fulfilment of test conditions in real world. To my knowledge, such an analysis of the predictive power of selected interest rate models moreover in the Czech financial market environment has not been published yet. The last goal of this thesis is to suggest an appropriate approach to obtaining pre- dictions of Czech government bonds risk premium dynamics. I define this risk premium as a difference between government bond yields and fixed rate of CZK IRS with the same length. I apply the GP model to describe the dynamics of this indicator of the Czech Republic credit risk. In order to obtain a time series of the risk premium which are necessary for estimation of GP model parameters I firstly estimate yield curves of Czech government bonds using Svensson model for each trading day since 2005. Resulting si- mulations of risk premium show that the GP model predicts the real development of risk premiums of all maturities relatively well. Hence, the proposed approach is suitable for modeling of Czech Republic credit risk based on the use of information extracted from financial markets. I have not registered proposed approach to risk premium modeling moreover in the Czech financial market environment in other publications.
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The course of microsporidiosis caused by Encephalitozoon cuniculi in experimental model
VOTOČKOVÁ, Tereza
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites causing disease called microsporidiosis. The infectious strategy is a spore - a highly organized cell which gives a rise to the infection of the host. This bachelor thesis records the progress of microsporidiosis provoked by the infection of the experimental model of the species of microsporidia Encephalitozoon cuniculi, namely of the genotype ECIII. The theoretical part includes the familiarization with microsporidia. In this part, there are first records leading to paying more attention to them and initiating their closer examination. This section describes both the biological characteristics and the systematic categorization of microsporidia and the description of a spore as the infectious stage of life cycle, which enables get into the host body where microsporidia reproduce and cause diseases. The sources of microsporidia are mentioned as well as the ways of transmission and microsporidia species most commonly detected in human whose attention is devoted mainly to Encephalitozoon cuniculi - its history and development, the infectious progress in hosts, the detection, and the treatment. The practical part describes the methodical process of the way of monitoring of microsporidiosis on experimental models in a form of laboratory mice of inbred immunocompetent BALB/c and the mice with severe combined immunodeficiency SCID. The mice were orally infected with spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype ECIII, which was isolated from steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus). The progress of infection was monitored both on the basis of coprological examination of mouse feces and on the basis of the examination of tissue and body fluid samples. The processing of individual samples was carried out with the aid of molecular diagnostics in the parasitological laboratory AV ČR in České Budějovice. The DNA from individual tissues and body fluids was isolated by using a commercially supplied kit, QIAamp DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit ( QIAGEN), the feces were treated with a commercially supplied QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN). The principle was to destroy the individual spores and to obtain the pure DNA which was suitable for further processing. Subsequently, the two-step polymerase chain reaction was carried out. providing rapid multiplication of DNA. The next step was a gel electrophoresis which arouses the division of the DNA into individual fragments on the basis of different molecular weights due to the effect of unidirectional electrical current. The fragments were visualized by UV transilluminator at a wavelength of 312 nm linked to a computer. The part of the research was the albendazole treatment of BALB/c mice. The drug was orally administered in the range from 28th to 42nd day after the infection. The results on progress of microsporidiosis through various organs and tissues, including the involved treatment, were recorded in well arranged tables. At the end of this bachelor thesis, there is a summary of the research and its comparison with previous studies. The results showed that microsporidia may be a threat not only for people suffering from immune deficiency, but thanks to their successful survival in the organs of immunocompetent hosts and their ability of activation from the undetectable level, they emphasize the danger of latent microsporidiosis as a risk and life-threatening factor for groups of people undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation where the patients can receive inflected graft from a donor.
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Výběr a implementace open source nástroje pro řízení portfolia projektů
Marek, Jan ; Chlapek, Dušan (advisor) ; Kučera, Jan (referee)
Methods and ways of implementation of changes and innovations in companies through project management are in today's society very well established. There exists methodologies, techniques and tools for the management of individual projects. However in a role of project manager, I very often faced the fact that companies are performing the project portfolio management in very intuitive way. This in itself leads to failed and prematurely terminated projects, initiation of the wrong projects or realisation of correct projects, but at the wrong time. Very often I have also recognized, that there is lack of awareness of fact, that there are also Open Source applications that can help with the organization's portfolio. This thesis deals with the definition of requirements, search and selection of proper OSS application and subsequent implementation. In the first part of this thesis I prepare a theoretical framework about PPM, and on that basis then identify and verify a set of requirements for selection of right OSS PPM application. The next section of thesis describes searching for suitable applications from a variety of sources, assessment against the requirements and the final selection. In the last part the implementation project is drafted, which aims to serve other colleagues in project management as one of the possible implementation paths. The outputs are then continuously confronted with experts in matter of projects and project management in the field of IT in order to maximize symbiosis between theory and real life experiences. Virtually every project management methodology defines the collection of already-proven techniques, best practices or lessons learned from the previous similar implementations. The main contribution of this thesis I see in fact that it contains not only the design of the project implementation, but also describes a logical path, what leads to the result. Therefore this thesis could be used as a base or discussed best practice, when a project of implementation of PPM application in place.
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