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Plant peptides and proteins with antimicrobial activities and possibilities of their application
LORENC, František
This work deals with antimicrobial peptides and proteins in plants. Antimicrobial peptides form one part of non-specific immunity most eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Their primary function is to eliminate the attacks of microbial pathogens, by which are the target organisms exposured. These proteins have low molecular weight. Most of them form a group of PR (Pathogenesis-related) proteins. Thanks to their antimicrobial effects have the antimicrobial peptides and proteins a great potential in pharmaceutical industry, medicine and biotechnology or in protection against plant diseases and also in other applications. The aim of this work is to describe the primary fission of plant antimicrobial peptides and proteins, the mechanisms of their antimicrobial action and characteristics of the main groups of PR-proteins. In the end of this work is described the current research and applications and potential uses in the future.
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Support of regional development through the Local Action Group Podchlumí
Jezberová, Zuzana ; Hejnák, Václav (advisor) ; Marcela, Marcela (referee)
The Diploma thesis deals with issues of the support of regional development through the Local Action Group Podchlumí, r.a. (LAG Podchlumí).
The goal of this thesis was to explore the contribution of the LAG Podchlumí to quality of life of residents and business development. Assessment of the influence of LAG on regional development has been based on the existence and implementation of the Program of rural development program of the Czech Republic Axis IV. LEADER, which leads to an improvement of management and to mobilization of the natural inner potential of countryside. The Program of rural development represented the main financial source for fruition of LAG projects in the previous programming period.
In this thesis, activities of the LAG Podchlumí and local subjects for support and development of partnership of residents and for public, business, and non-profit communities have been analysed. Implementation of own projects, through which the versatile development of the region, life improvement of residents, increase the attractiveness of the region has been evaluated. In order to get an independent and objective evaluation, an anonymous questionnaire has been conducted among residents of the region Podchlumí. Further, personal observation of the region Podchlumí, a study of professional literature as well as of internal materials of the LAG has been done. The hypothesis that the Local Action Group Podchlumí plays an important role in development of partnership of public administration of municipalities, agricultural subjects, independent agricultural as well as non-agricultural enterpreneurs, and non-profit organizations has been verified on the basis of analysis of realized activities. Support from the Program of countryside development to the region Podchlumí, Measure IV.1.2 Realization of local development strategy, contributed to achieving improvements in quality of life of residents. The greatest support was given to appearance of communities and quality of infrastructure, development of public facilities and services. Financial resources were spent also on modernization and development of agricultural as well as non-agricultural business. In comparison with other LAGs in the district Jičín, the LAG Podchlumí supported the greatest number of projects through the measure IV.1.2 of the Rural development program on realization of local developing strategy. It has been found by means of evaluation of the anonymous questionaire among residents of the region that residents perceive improvement of appearance and life of communities but they are not aware of the fact that many projects have been implemented with the contribution of activities of the LAG Podchlumí. For this reason, the LAG Podchlumí should focus more on propagation of its own activities. Residents of the region are interested in surrounding of their villages.
It is possible to made conclusion that the results of analysis of activities of the LAG authenticated and confirmed correctness of the hypothesis that the Local Action Group Podchlumí plays an important role in development of partnership of public administration of municipalities, agricultural subjects, independent agricultural as well as non-agricultural enterpreneurs, and non-profit organizations.
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Trávení volného času žáků střední odborné školy a středního odborného učiliště
Nováková, Zdeňka
The Bachelor thesis is focused on the current opportunities and the ways of spending free time of pupils of secondary vocational schools and secondary specialized vocational schools. The thesis surveys, if pupils can use their free time enough, and how they spend it. What options of free time activities are available to them in their place of residence and in their schools? The theoretical part describes definitions of free time, history of usage of free time, functions of free time and its current options, forms of education. The practical part analyzes survey data through descriptive statistics, which will take place between students of secondary vocational schools and secondary specialized vocational schools in South Moravia. The method of the theoretical part is a study of the professional literary sources, notes making, analysis and synthesis of the notes and comparison of vocational sources. In the practical part the research will be carried out by the survey method. The results will serve as a basis for teaching practice, especially for educational counselors, teachers and school principals.
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Synthesis, study and structure activity relationships of antiinflammatory drugs derived from leukotriens
Junek, Richard ; Hartl, Jiří (advisor) ; Beneš, Luděk (referee) ; Kuchař, Miroslav (referee) ; Kuneš, Jiří (referee)
7 Summary A series of arylalkanoic acids derivatives bearing methyl(phenethyl)amino groups were prepared and their antileukotrienic activities involving LTB4 were evaluated. Regression analysis of the first group of derivatives of arylacetic acid has shown a strong dependence of these activities on lipophilicity for both LTB4 receptor binding and inhibition of LTB4 biosynthesis, parabolic relationships were derived. The values of slopes of the ascending linear parts of these dependences indicate various types of hydrophobic binding at the site of ligand interaction with relevant biomacromolecules. Regression analysis showed the slightly different parabolic dependences of this activity on lipophilicity of -methyl and -unsubstituted alkanoic acids derivatives. The relationship derived for -unsubstituted alkanoic acids extended by group of similar derivatives of arylacetic acids was without any change of regression coefficients and statistical criteria. It was concluded, that the most active compounds belong to 2-arylpropanoic acids derivatives with lipophilicity close to log Popt (= 6.98). The antiinflammatory effect of the compounds under study was evaluated in three animal models of inflammation and their possible utilization in the treatment of ulcerative colitis was followed. It can be stated that the...
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Influence of storage on the values of biochemical indices in blood plasma of Cyprinus carpio
Lusková, Věra
The performed examinations of enzyme activity (AST, ALT, CK, GLDH, CHE, LDH, ALP, ACP), blood metabolite concentration (GLU, lactate) and total protein changes revealed that time is the decisive factor in all kinds of the plasma storage.
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The role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and homologous proteases in migration and invasion.
Fejfarová, Edita ; Rösel, Daniel (referee) ; Bušek, Petr (advisor)
Migration and invasion are processes which naturally occur in organism during embryogenesis, immune reactions or wound healing. These processes are very important factors in some serious diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and carcinogenesis. There is no doubt about contribution of proteases in these processes-many of them degrade extracellular matrix and thereby facilitate the movement of cells. While dipeptidylpeptidase-IV cleaves solely two amino acids from N-terminus so it is not considerably involved in ECM degradation. DPPIV and its homologues recognize peptides with proline on penultimate position, which causes resistance to ordinary types of proteases. Substrates of DPPIV and its activity homologues include chemokines implicated in signalling of migration - their cleavage and thus inactivation present DPPIV and DPPIV-like molecules as modulators of cell migration signalling in choriocacinoma, neuroblastoma, on Sézary cells or epithelial cells migrating in response to injury. Another activity of some DPPIV-like proteases is binding to the extracellular matrix proteins, when are helping in the attachment of cells and thus affect the migratory ability of the cells like ovarian cancer cells, prostate cancer cells, melanoma cells or kidney cells. Effects on migration and invasion have also...
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Effects of detergents on activity, thermostability and aggregation of immobilized lipases
Bančáková, Anna ; Voběrková, Stanislava (referee) ; Hermanová, Soňa (advisor)
Predmetom tejto diplomovej práce bolo štúdium vplyvu detergentov na aktivitu, termostabilitu a agregáciu voľnej a imobilizovanej formy komerčného preparátu lipázy izolovanej z mikroskopickej huby Rhizopus arrhizus. Teoretická časť obsahuje ucelenú rešerš popisujúcu štruktúru, mechanizmus účinku a priemyselný význam spomínanej hydrolázy spolu s popisom chemických účinkov detergentov, pričom dôraz bol kladený predovšetkým na skupinu neionogénnych detergentov s názvom tweeny. V experimentálnej časti bol študovaný efekt tweenov na rozpustnej a imobilizovanej forme RA lipázy. Imobilizácia spočívala v priamej adsorpcii enzýmu na neupravený nosič. Ako nosič bol použitý oxidovaný grafén ošetrený tweenom (tween 20, 60, 80). Aktivita enzýmu bola stanovená spektrofotometricky za pomoci substrátu p-nitrofenyl laurátu. Zvýšenie aktivity voľnej lipázy (104 % oproti maximálnej hodnote) bolo zaznamenané pri použití tweenu 20 o koncentrácii vysoko nad hodnotou kritickej micelárnej koncentrácie (10 mmol•dm-3). Na základe štúdie imobilizačných podmienok, boli nastavené ideálne parametre pre dosiahnutie účinnej imobilizácie v spojení s čo najvyššou lipolytickou aktivitou (koncentrácia enzýmu 0,1 mg•ml-1, fosfátový tlmivý roztok pH 7,2, koncentrácia tweenu 10,8 mmol•dm-3, čas imobilizácie 1 hodina). Obe formy lipázy vykazovali maximálnu aktivitu pri 35 °C. Optimálne pH sa u imobilizovanej lipázy posunulo na hodnotu 8, v porovnaní s voľnou formou, ktorej pH optimum bolo stanovené na 9. Tepelná stabilita vykazovala približne rovnaký priebeh u oboch foriem skúmanej hydrolázy. Avšak v prípade štúdia stability enzýmu pri dlhodobej úschove bolo po imobilizácii zistené výrazné zlepšenie tohto parametru.
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Fibrinogen-related proteins in ixodid ticks
FIŠER, Miroslav
The main goal of this study was to identify fibrinogen-related proteins with lectin activity in four ixodid ticks. These proteins, which are believed to be part of the tick innate immune response, were then characterized by biochemical methods.
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Lifestyle of the Third Age University Students
HOLICKÁ, Monika
Lifestyle of the University of the Third Age listeners The thesis as a whole is written in the spirit of the quality of senior life and active spending an old age. First chapter ? Current status - represents the theoretical frame of the thesis which introduces the reader with the key issues essential for the correct understanding of the work. In its´ main subchapters are described demographical development and the population aging, life quality of senior people and social security in old age. Special chapter is dedicated to the tools of an active old age where the both national and international activities on this field are described, the types of senior organizations such as Active seniors clubs or People´s universities are divided, and separate chapter deals with the education of senior people including the description of educational activities like University of the Third Age or the Academy of the Third Age. The last part of mentioned chapter is dedicated to functions, targets and positive results of the senior people education. Remaining chapters concern the qualitative research. In the chapter two the objective of the thesis is defined, including the main and component research questions. The objective of the thesis is to describe the lifestyle of the senior people who participate on the educational activities within the University of the Third Age (U3V). Specifically to describe how their lifestyle differs unlike to the senior people who does not attend the educational courses via U3V and which positive benefits the study brings. The secondary objective is to determine the factors that impede these senior people to attend the Universities of the Third Age. Third chapter refers to the detailed description of the research methodology. The qualitative attitude with the research design of the case study was chosen for this thesis. I used the moderated interview method and the semi-structured interview for the data collecting and right after the framework analysis was chosen in order to process gathered data. To evaluate the data I used the case comparison method. This chapter also includes the description of the research sample selection and also its characteristics. Forth chapter presents the results of evaluated interviews. Whereas the research file was divided into three groups, also these results have a structure of three separated subchapters. The summary of gathered key knowledge is mentioned at the end of this chapter. I managed to identify the base differences in particular branches of senior people lifestyles between senior people that attend the U3V educational activities, those who don´t and the senior people participate in the Active senior clubs thanks to the comparison of the particular case studies. It is possible briefly to say that the result shows us that the U3V study has no influence on the softening of the feeling of loneliness, although the important role of the U3V in senior people lives mainly in giving them both the kind of meaning of life and the opportunity to spend old age actively with the people of the same generation with the same interests. Senior people who do not attend the educational activities indicate the lower number of meetings with other people, but on the other hand they meet their relatives much more often, in some cases every day, and thanks to this fact, they do not feel the loneliness and see their meaning of life in the care od family. This is the reason, why they do not have a need to attend other activities. After this chapter the Discussion follows, which compares the gathered results of the research with already publicized knowledge. The conclusion, bibliographic sources and the annexes are placed in the end of the thesis.
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