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Puppies and young dogs nutritions
Šabatová, Kateřina ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Plachý, Vladimír (referee)
Puppies and young dogs nutritions Summary In this work I have attempted to summarize the most important aspects in nutrition of puppies and dogs in growth. The introduction describes the digestive tract and also the changes that have occurred due to domestication. Next is explained the importance of nutrition and water in nutritional requirements of a dog. Important are needs of nutrients and energy that are necessary to maintain the provision of the necessary vital functions. The basic components of food are proteins, saccharides, lipids, minerals and vitamins. I explain the necessary proportions, the amounts and the possible consequences of their lack in food. I focus on essential fatty acids, which in recent years are subject to frequent explorations and their pros and cons are not yet fully understood. I also mention ballast and significant specific active substances. Nutrition of pregnant and lactating females is often neglected, but for puppies it is a very crucial period. The influence of nutrition of pregnant females to the size and weight of newborn puppies has been proved. Further I deal with nutrition of puppies immediately after birth, I explain the composition of colostrum and its effect on the immunity system of the puppy. I also compare ratios of nutrients in the colostrum and milk. Further, I deal with the feeding of the individual at the time of weaning and in different growth periods. There are many possibilities of feeding puppies from after weaning until adulthood described in books. With the new knowledge about nutrition the ways of feeding our dogs have inevitably changed , but also the dogs' nutritional requirements have changed due to the conditions where and how they live and what their nutrient needs are according to their sport, breeding or other use. Currently, there is a possibility of a commercially produced complete nutritional diet or home-prepared fresh food - cooked or raw- barf. In the last chapter, I summarized possible aspects of malnutrition and its potential consequences. I described the most common problems associated with inadequate nutrition of growing dogs such as obesity as well as malnutrition, which also adversely affects the individual. The influence of proper nutrition of the puppy on its growth is clear. If we neglect the nutrition of the dog in the first two years of its life, the consequences are often irreversible.
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History of illegal trade
Procházková, Karolína ; Čajka, Radek (advisor) ; Bolotov, Ilya (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on the history of the illegal trade, particularly on drug trafficking. It concerns the drug production, distribution and consumption. In the first part intoxicants are divided into groups and the thesis gives brief information about their characteristics. It also maps the history of the illegal trade beginning in antiquity and ending with the present. Then follow government antidrug measures where the thesis also refers to incurred institutions and major international agreements in this field. It focuses particularly on the Czech Republic and its current drug strategy and expenses related to this issue. Within the frame of drug trafficking are elaborated the main drug producing areas and the distribution paths. As an illustration of the current situation, the last section examines the illegal market in Prague and Central Bohemia.
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Synthesis of monoquarternary pyridinium reactivators of acetylcholinesterase
Kučera, Jiří ; Doležal, Martin (referee) ; Opletalová, Veronika (advisor)
Kučera, J.: Synthesis of monoquaternary pyridinium reactivators of acetylcholinesterase. Diploma Thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Hradec Králové 2008 Summary Organophosphates are substances commonly used in agriculture as pesticides (metathione, malathione, Actellic, In-stop), in industry as hydraulic liquids, plasticizers, flame retardants. They are also used in human and veterinary medicine as drugs or for examination of neurological functions. Nerve agents are based on the same chemical structure. It is relatively easy and cheap to produce them, to use them for military purposes and misuse them by terrorist organizations. There are frequent intoxications of labourers in agriculture or in industry as well. Present treatment of organophosphate intoxication includes administration of acetylcholinesterase reactivators, atropine and diazepam. None of the currently available commercial reactivators is able to reactivate satisfactorily acetylcholinesterase inhibited by different types of organophosphates. The aim of the work was the synthesis and in vitro testing of new compounds with hypothesized reactivation efficiency.
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Material flow indicators for the Czech republic: trends, decoupling analysis and uncertainties
Kovanda, Jan ; Moldan, Bedřich (advisor) ; Plesník, Jan (referee) ; Šauer, Petr (referee)
11 Abstract In order for an economic system to function and produce goods and services necessary for meeting human needs, it behaves similarly to a living organism. It absorbs materials from the surrounding environment and transforms them into products, but ultimately all the materials are transformed into some kind of waste and emitted back into the environment. This flow of materials is referred to as industrial or socio-economic metabolism (Baccini and Brunner, 1991; Fischer-Kowalski and Haberl, 1993; Ayres and Simonis, 1994). Extraction of resources, consumption of materials and related emissions exert some pressure on the environment. So far, there has been a positive relation between meeting human needs and this pressure. The overall goal of developed countries within their strategies of sustainable development is to break the relation between pressure exerted on the environment and economic growth, which represents meeting of human needs and improvements in the standard of living. This phenomenon is called decoupling (EC, 2002, 2005, 2006; OECD, 2002; UN, 2002). One of the methods for assessing environmental pressure related to extraction and consumption of resources and materials is material flow analysis. In the case of economy- wide material flow analysis (EW-MFA), this method aims at...
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Power sources in the Czech republic concentrated on using biomass
Vacek, Tomáš ; Liedermann, Pavel (referee) ; Špaček, Jaroslav (advisor)
This article introduces independent sources of electric energy in the Czech Republic, the different types of power plants, their productivity and the quantity of electric energy delivered to the main distributor. In our country, as well as around the world, commonly used fuels are fossil fuels- coal, crude oil, and gas. As the demand for energy grows, those supplies are slowly running out. Not to mention that those fuels have a negative environmental impact. They are a source of carbon, which causes damage to the atmosphere and leads to global warming. Power plants which do not produce carbon are much safer for the environment, and much more productive. However, the residue of this energy is challenging to dispose of. Nuclear energy has common attributes with renewing the sources of energies that are extremely friendly to our environment. Nuclear power plants also produce enough energy and with the usage of Fourth generation reactors, they will be able to recycle the nuclear fuels. Today, more importance is put on renewing sources which are more gentle for the environment. In the near future, CEZ Company, the largest producer of electric energy is planning to use water energy. Water energy comes from water plants or dams. Other ecological forms of energy include geothermal and solar energies. These two types of energy are not as applicable for our geographical position. Geothermal energy is commonly used on islands where there is an abundance of natural hot springs. The most discussed source of energy is bioenergy. It uses natural wood sources, recycled wood products, and applies bioenergy as a main source for thermal power plants.
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Traditional Methods of Fish Preservation in Southeast Asia
Holmanová, Kateřina ; Banout, Jan (advisor) ; Leuner, Olga (referee)
Traditional methods of fish preservation are still often used in developing countries, which produce significant amount of fresh fish. The most frequently used methods of processing fish in Cambodia are drying, salting, fermentation, smoking and marinating. Sun drying as one of the most common methods of fish processing in Cambodia has some disadvantages, which increase spoilage of final product. Salting contributes to increase efficiency of drying process. Salt creates highly salty environment, which the most bacteria, fungi and other potentially pathogenic organism cannot survive in. The aim of this Bachelors thesis was to carry out research focused on drying method in combination with salting. For five selected spices of freshwater fish: Claris batrachus, Channa micropeltes, Oreochromis niloticus, Pangasius hypophthalmus and Monopterus albus were determined dry matter content, fat content and salting effect on the amount of salt. Samples, before drying in direct solar dryer with natural convection and electric oven, were salted for 2, 4 and 12 hours. Results of measuring of dry matter content are within the interval 16.67 to 21.74 g on 100 g of fresh muscle, the lowest values were measured at C. batrachus and the highest at O. niloticus. Measuring of fat content showed difference in the interval 2.29 - 30.08 %, the lowest value at M. albus and highest at P. hypophthalmus. From the measurements of amount of salt were found influence of the salting time on the total amount of salt. Values increased with the higher time of salting. An important prerequisite for achieving high-quality dried products is characteristic properties for individual fish species to achieve maximum yield.
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Veterinary drugs registered in the Czech Republic - recorded trends
Mitášová, Michaela ; Ducháček, Lubomír (advisor) ; Lamka, Jiří (referee)
VETERINARIES REGISTERED IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC - DEVELOPING TRENDS Michaela Mitášová Abstract The aim of this dissertation was to make a summary of veterinary medical preparations registered in years 1995 - 2006 in the Czech Republic. Individual preparations were reviewed in these categories: 1. Registry number and the SUKL code 2. The land of producer 3. Drug form 4. Indicating group 5. Animal species to which the drug is intended for 6. Newly registered medical preparations We were comparing the period of years 1995 - 2000 and 2001 - 2006. The head task of this dissertation was to map out developing trends in individual categories. As the main source for getting data we used the AISLP programme. For the period of years 1995 - 2000 it was version 2000. 3 actualised by 1. 7. 2000, for the period of years 2001 - 2006 it was version 2007. 2 actualised by 1. 4. 2007. After we got all necessary information we made a conclusion that in years 1995 - 2000 there is a considerable fall of registration of preparations. On the contrary in years 2001 - 2006 there is mild increase with the maximum of registration of preparations in 2004 and following intense fall. The rise of the registration of prepararions was caused by increase of numer of newly registered effective preparations in different drug forms and increase of...
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Possibility of increasing the quality of soybean seed
Procházka, Pavel ; Capouchová, Ivana (advisor) ; Milan, Milan (referee)
In three-years experiments soya seeds were treated with biologically active compounds: Lignohumate B (mixture of humic and fulvic acids), Lexin (mixture of humic and fulvic acids enriched by auxins), brassinosteroid (syntetic analogue of natural 24 epibrassinolide) and so-called complete seed treatment (mixture of saturated solution of sucrose, Lexin, fungicide Maxim XL 035FS and adjuvant on the base of pinolene Agrovital). During vegetation following characteristics were observed: field germination, density of vegetation after germination and before harvest, height of plants, height of apical part of the lowest pod from the ground and yield. The results imply that the most effective way of seed treatment is the complete seed treatment, which ensured the yield of 3.29 t of seeds per hectare (average for three years), the second best was the treatment with the compound Lexin, thanks to which the achieved yield was 3.18 t of seeds per hectare. Laboratory experiments showed that application of biologically active compounds Lignohumate B, Lexin and brassinosteroids has possitive effect on not only laboratory germination of seeds, but also on seed vitality (detected laboratory germination after accelerated aging test). All used biologically active compounds increased laboratory germination rate, rate of plants with opened cotyledons, rate of plants with opened true leaves and amount of above-ground and underground biomass in the initial phases of growth. In the same time, laboratory experiments proved, that even if chosen parts of evaluated varieties had very similar laboratory germination, among others declared by seed producer, vitality test (accelerated aging test) showed considerable differences in vitality (thus even in quality) of chosen parts of seeds. Three-years experiments showed, that desiccation of soya vegetation in BBCH phase minimally 89 (desiccated was mainly eventual weed infestation) does not have negative effect on quality of produced seeds. Desiccation was done in six different variations (used preparatives: Aurora 40 WG, Roundup Rapid, Reglone, Basta 15, Desicate, DAM 390). Results proved, that if we use the same preparatives in BBCH phase 79-85 (desiccated was mainly vegetation, which was photosyntheticly active), than preparatives (mainly Roundup Rapid, Basta 15 and partially Reglone) have negative influence on quality of produced seeds, mainly on their vitality (laboratory germination after accelerated aging test).
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Energy active house
Drlík, Tomáš ; Hudec, Mojmír (referee) ; Sedlák, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of the thesis was to design an energy efficient system that uses a waste heat from the operation of distillery and helps to reach energetically active status (in conjunction with the newly designed photovoltaic panels, controlled ventilation with heat recovery and with proper design and material solution) to the newly created housing units. The need of heating is covered by using of waste heat and in the mode of economical (energy saving) operation of households, the photovoltaic panels on the surface produce more electricity than the households consume themselves.
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