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The nurse s role in the context of preventive examinations in the office of general practitioner for children and adolescents
TRUČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Primary care in the health sector is an important part of an effective and functional health care system of every country. It represents the key factor for maintaining good health of the Czech Republic population. It is mainly the pediatricians and pediatric nurses who are irreplacable in their role. They provide health care for children along with assisting with the acquirement of correct habits in taking care of one's health to ensure a long and good quality life. Health education is of great significance especially with children and youth where appropriate monitoring of their health state and development is a necessary precondition for them to embark successfully on their journey of life. The main aim of the thesis is to determine the role of nurses in routine checkups of children and youth and to describe the content and rules of these checkups according to the Czech legislation. Another goal is to describe, based on legislative sources, the changing role of the pediatric nurse since 1990.Firstly, it was necessary to trace down the development of the discipline by means of changes in the legislation. Secondly, the reflection of these changes in professional literature was captured, primarily with respect to prevention. The crucial, concluding part of the paper focuses on how the above mentioned factors affect the form of routine checkups and the nurse's role in them. It also mentions important particulars of routine checkups, such as vaccination, monitoring psychomotor development, or assessing nourishment. The research paper is composed as a theoretical review thesis. For the purpose of the bachelor thesis, qualitative research survey has been used employing the method of secondary analysis of relevant sources. It is a systematic own research with bibliographical sources. After an analysis of the obtained data their synthesis followed, then comparation and assessment. Bibliographial research on the studied issues is based on scientific publications and Czech legislation. The bachelor thesis describes the changing role of the pediatric nurse since the initial phases of nursing care, the way pediatric nurses have been trained and what their role has been in primary preventive pediatric care and education on health. Furthermore, it deals with the changing competence and image of the pediatric nurse. Cooperation with the pediatrician is crucial, as well as building a relationship with both the child and the parents. Act no. 96/2004 Coll., on paramedical jobs, specifies the conditions for gaining and recognizing the competence to perform paramedical jobs and imposes the obligation for lifelong learning. The responsibilities and competence of the pediatric nurse to perform the specialized job is given in Decree no. 55/2011 Coll. of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, on the activities of medical staff and other specialized workers. This decree enables nurses to assume higher competence which entails higher quality and expertness of the job and therefore a requirement for specialized professional and higher education of the nurses. The particular activities of the pediatric nurse are defined by § 51 of the Decree no. 424/2004 Coll., on the activities of medical staff and other specialized workers. In the general practice of a pediatrician, the pediatric nurse provides complex medical treatment, preventive and therapeutic care to children from birth until the age of 19. Routine checkups of children and youth are defined legislatively by Decree no. 70/2012 Coll., on routine checkups. It delineates the content and schedule of the routine checkups of children and youth. Mandatory vaccination is part of the routine checkups. The significance of the routine checkups of children and youth is often underrated by the general public.
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Molecular adaptations of adipose tissue in relation to dietary treatment of obesity in human
Tencerová, Michaela ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee)
The general goal of this work was to investigate the molecular adaptations of human AT in relation to DIs with respect to its secretory activity as well as cellular composition focused on macrophages population. Specifically, we studied the role of novel adipokines, such as visfatin and RBP4, related to insulin resistance and AT metabolism. Furthermore, we wanted to characterize the effect of the dietary-induced changes on the content of ATM together with metabolic amelioration. In our studies, we found that lifestyle modifications had a beneficial effect on metabolic and biochemical parameters depending on the duration and type of DI. Regarding both of the investigated adipokines, visfatin and RBP4, we revealed modifications at the transcriptional and cirulating levels during DI. However, we did not find any association with the pattern of evolution of insulin resistance. Our findings do not support a clear hypothesis on the role of these adipokines in the diet-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity and other obesity-related metabolic disturbances. In respect to the changes of ATM content during long-term DI, we demonstrated using flow cytometry that the AT composition was changed at the end of the whole dietary intervention (i.e. after WM phase). This diet-induced AT remodelling was expressed by a...
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The Withdraval of Soviet troops from territory of Germany, Czechoslovakia and Poland
Kosová, Jana ; Litera, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Vykoukal, Jiří (referee)
The partial withdrawal of Soviet troops from Central Europe was a part of the process of reconstruction of the Soviet Union which was begun by the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev. The Soviet Union in the second half of the 1980's took the decision to reduce the number of its military troops positioned outside the territory of the Soviet Union. However, the reduction did not automatically account to a complete withdrawal of Soviet troops. This dissertation is pursuing the withdrawal of the Soviet army from the territory of Germany, Czechoslovakia and Poland in the years 1989 - 1994. The change of regimes in the respective states led to the fact that the matter of Soviet troop withdrawal was a bilateral and multilateral affair rather than a unilateral act of the Soviet Union. This dissertation presents a unique comparison of the withdrawal of Soviet military units from three former satellites of the Soviet Union. It clarifies the reasons of their stay on these territories. It shows the negotiation process of each of the afore mentioned states with Moscow, and observes the coinciding arguments used by the Soviet negotiators and their counterparts. It describes the events surrounding the threat of interrupting the Soviet troop withdrawal. It compares the duration of the transfer of the Soviet army from...
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Influence of Cholestatic Liver Injury on the Elimination and Transport of Drugs
Brčáková, Eva ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee) ; Lotková, Halka (referee)
The liver is a unique organ with a number of vital functions. Pivotal one is its participation on bile formation and secretion, import, detoxification and excretion of endogenous substances and xenobiotics. Bile formation is essential for both absorption of lipids in intestine and excretion of various endogenous compounds and xenobiotics (e.g. bile acids, bilirubin, cholesterol, phospholipids and drugs). This function is markedly impaired during extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholestasis with partial or complete stoppage of bile flow. Consequently, hepatic and further systemic accumulation of toxic biliary constituents, such as bile acids and bilirubin, occurs. In an effort to compensate this situation, spontaneous anti-cholestatic mechanisms are activated, which provide alternative excretory routes for toxic accumulating compounds (e.g. renal elimination of bile acids and xenobiotics into urine). These mechanisms include changes in the expression, localization and function of respective transporters in liver and kidneys. Another mechanism with a significant impact on bile formation and transport of compounds between bile and blood is blood-biliary barrier formed by connection of hepatocytes by "tight-junctions" and "gap-junctions". While "gap-junctions" exchange substances among cells,...
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Factors Affecting Metabolism of Anthelmintics
Forstová, Veronika ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Machala, Miroslav (referee) ; Chládek, Jaroslav (referee)
Nowadays, anthelmintic therapy is the main method in the fight with parasitic worms. Anthelmintics, as well as other xenobiotics, undergo structural changes by effect of biotransformation enzymes, when lipophilic substances are transformed to polar substances more easily eliminable from the organism. Generally, biological effects of metabolites and parent compound are different. Activity of biotransformation enzymes is thus the fundamental factor influencing velocity of detoxification and elimination of the compound from the body and duration of drug effect as well. Modulation of biotransformation enzymes' activities can lead to changes in pharmacokinetic parameters of drug itself as well as other xenobiotics and thus to the risk of decrease in desired effect and/or increase in adverse effects with corresponding impact on the quality of drug therapy. In addition, possible risk of drug residues' presence in animal products has to be considered in farm animals. Biotransformation of xenobiotics is affected by many physiological as well as pathological factors. These factors can be divided into inter-individual (species, gender, genetic polymorphism) and intra-individual (age, diet, medication, disease, etc.). All these factors cause wide variability in occurrence and activity of biotransformation...
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Health insurance and settlemento of nursing and rehabilitative care provided in institutions of social services
VOBORNÍKOVÁ, Gabriela
The topic of my diploma thesis is Health insurance and reimbursement for nursing services and rehabilitation care provided in social services facilities. I chose this topic not only because social services and related fields are currently very topical but also because I wanted to find out what changed whit regard to social services facilities with the arrival of the possibility of funding nursing and rehabilitation care. I wanted to explore opinions of people who work in this field and encounter such issues on a daily basis. Since the possibility of reimbursement for nursing and rehabilitation care has been in the Czech Republic for a relatively short period of time, I assumed that the collection of data would bring new insight into the matter. The theoretical part of my thesis deals with social services and subjects that establish and provide social services. Furthermore, I also discuss the main aims of social services. Next chapter deals with the funding of social services and the factors that help improve the quality of social services. This is followed by the description of nursing and rehabilitation care in residential care facilities. This part focuses closely on the new legal regulation and the types of residential care facilities and also analyses the term competence for the performance of health profession. The practical part of the thesis contains the results of my research work. It describes the methodology (in order to achieve the goal established and to confirm, or reject the hypotheses, I did a questionnaire-based survey and performed the secondary analysis of data). The group studied included all facilities that met the following condition: they had to be residential social services facilities located in the South Bohemian Region. The aim of my work was to find out whether the change in the legal regulation helped improve the funding of nursing and rehabilitation care in residential care facilities. It follows from my research that the possibility of reimbursing for rehabilitation and nursing care from public health insurance means more resources for a social services facility. Furthermore, the obligation to charge a particular health insurer a fee for health care implies more administrative work for the facility. I conclusion, the hypotheses suggested were confirmed and the goal of the work was achieved. My diploma thesis can serve as a full-range source of information for the facilities providing social services. It can also become a useful study material for other students.
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The Impact of The Accounting Reform Public Finances from 2010 on the Financial Statements in a Municipal Authorities
ZABLOUDILOVÁ, Markéta
This paper examines the accounting reform of public finances from the point of view of its impact on the financial statements of local government units, especially applied to the municipalities in the Vysocina region. The reform changed legislative regulations, especially the accounting law, the decree implementing the accounting law and Czech accounting standards for the selected accounting entities. This thesis analyzes the changes in these regulations and it describes the impact of these modifications on the financial statements. These changes create areas that are, due to the reform, new for villages and can be problematic in context of misinterpretations and wrong booking. The areas affected by the reform are divided into three separate areas. The first area is the creation of state accountancy and implementation of accrual based accounting, connected to the state accounting, from which the further accrual principle is derived. The second imaginary area of changes relates to accounting reform in terms of chart of accounts including an off-balance sheet which has considerably changed. The third area is a wide range of assets of an entity, where there was a major change in relation to the accrual principle and that is the beginning of depreciation of all depreciable assets. In connection with depreciation, adjustments are made and the problem area of inventory of property has widened. Changes occurred in valuation of assets, a new way was created and an obligation to revalue assets held for sale was made. Subsequently, the impact of individual problem areas at the municipalities is examined, and so as how the changes will be reflected in their financial statements.
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The motivation of social workers to lifelong learning
MORONGOVÁ, Tereza
This thesis examines the motivation of social workers towards lifelong education. In the first part there is the summary of current state of lifelong education of social workers in the Czech republic, particularly the legislation that includes the obligation of such education. It also consits of other documents that somehow include requirements of lifelong education, proposed changes of so-called professional law and experts' opinions. In the second part, I examine the motivation towards lifeong education, theory of motivation and pros and cons of that education. The thesis also includes a survey which is made of interviews with social workers. The participants were asked about their perception of need of such education in social work, how such education works at their workplace, what works as thier motivation towards it and whether they see any obstacles in getting it.
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Methods for prolonging the shelf life of minced fish meat
KUBÍK, Michal
The initial part of this work sums up the methods of mechanical mincing of fish meat and food safety. The fish meat processing methods are described in detail and supplemented with the respective legislative. The primary factors affecting the quality and usability of the product are the changes caused by proteolysis and autolysis, the occurrence of microorganisms and biogenic amines. These processes are natural; they may only be delayed or reduced in intensity. Despite the possibility of using different preservatives, we need to pay attention to the basic hygienic and technological processes particularly in shortening their duration and storage conditions, especially the temperature. The major part of the research focuses on the possibility of using the enzyme preparation of SEA-i and its impact on the occurrence of biogenic amines, coliform bacteria and the total number of microorganisms in separated carp meat in smoking and liquid smoke treatment. Using SEA-i has proved to be a suitable means for preventing the development of biogenic amines. He was able to suppress the development of histamine below the detectable limit and the amount of putrescine decreased to 24 mg.kg-1 compared to the control group with the appearance of 89 mg.kg-1. For other biogenic amines has also demonstrated potent inhibitory effect. Its effect was also demonstrated in the total number of microorganisms.
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