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On Three Conditioning Rules in Evidence Theory
Vejnarová, Jiřina
In evidence theory various rules were proposed to define conditional beliefs and/or plausibilities (or basic assignments). However, there exist no generally accepted criteria along which these rules can be compared. In this paper we concentrate to three of them (Dempster's conditioning rule, focusing and the approach based on lower and upper envelopes of sets of conditional probabilities) to study their mutual relationship. A new conditional rule for variables is presented afterwards and its correctness is proven.
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Social situation of immigrants living in selected localities of the Czech Republic from the perspective of selected health determinants
ZÁLESKÁ, Veronika
According to Wilkinson and Marmot (2003), the area of ten social health determinants constitutes probably the most comprehensive approach to analysis to the individual's health condition. The goal of the dissertation consisted in assessing the social health determinants in the area of social support, stress, childhood and transportation. The quantitative investigation method of the research subject was implemented through questioning. The research set consisted of legally settled immigrants, living in the Czech Republic for more than one year, in age category of 18-65 years, of Vietnamese, Mongolian and Ukrainian nationality. The respondents lived in selected localities: capital of Prague, South Bohemian Region and Vysočina Region. 246 respondents in total were questioned. The investigation results show that Ukrainians perceive the Czech Republic as their home state more frequently than the Vietnamese and Mongolians. Relationship between selected characteristics of social support, subjective assessment of health, presence of depression and stress symptoms of psychic and physical origin was proved. The ability to communicate in Czech language was shown to be very important in the area of social support. One tenth of the respondents is daily exposed to effect of stress. The Mongolians reported most frequent exposure to stress situations, while the Ukrainians reported least frequent exposure. The most respondents have signs of depression. The respondents who have medium, serious or extreme depression assessed their health with higher statistically significant frequency as mediocre. More exacting movement activities are performed with higher statistically significant frequency by men, university graduates and intellectually working respondents. The immigrants who have reported to perform regular walking and movement activities assess their health as good and report absence of signs of depression. During pregnancy, the female respondents observed regular examinations and the course of their pregnancy was predominantly physiological. A high percentage of female respondents worked 9 and more hours during pregnancy. The health condition of the respondents' youngest children is good; most of them have suffered only common children's diseases. More than one tenth of the respondents' children have no health insurance and vaccination. The immigrants often find themselves in adverse social situation, and it is therefore important to adopt measures to eliminate its impacts. The crucial measures include for example social programs focused on immigrants, preventive programs focused on foreigners' children and increasing language knowledge of the immigrants.
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Public financing of squash and badminton
Stupka, Jakub ; Šíma, Josef (advisor) ; Štěpánková, Kateřina (referee)
Public financing of those two sports in Czech Republic is done through Czech squash association and Czech badminton association. Both those organizations are full members of Czech association of sports and also require money from Ministry of education. Those two organizations stand as main sources of finances from the public sources. I will focus on comparison of these two sports. Squash and badminton are very similar considering material, or financial side. Also the expansion of those sports in our country is more or less the same. From this point of wiew, they should also receive similar financial aid for the government. By detailed financial analyses I will try to confront both sports, differ their specifics and find out if the personal question is also playing a role. Probably the only difference between those two sports is the fact, that badminton is olympic sport, which gives it a chance to participate in programs, which are offered especially for sports that take part of the olympics. How much has this fact differ their evolution? I will find out, if badminton took advantage of this to benefit. Ministry of education and Czech sports association assign finance on behalf of certain conditions. The question is, how much these conditions influence the behavior of these associations. Must they adjust to them, or they work with them in complete synthesis and reach their goals. Only from the settings of the individual programs run by Ministry of education and Czech sports association is obvious, that it is almost impossible to satisfy both subjects.
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Dolejší's "Analysis" as an Example of Conspiracy Theory
Kantor, Lukáš ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Voráček, Emil (referee)
This magistr thesis examines the first two parts o f the significant conspiracy theory about Charter 77 and the velvet revolution: "Analysis o f 17th November and the changes in eastern Europe in 1989" written by Miroslav Dolejsi, a long-time political prisoner of communist regime. The submitted thesis tries to demonstrate which o f Dolejsi's assertions are truthful or at least probable, but also what is speculation or even disinformation. In this regard, the magistr thesis refutes Dolejsi's gravest charge, that the Charter 77 represented right from its inception an intentionally created political reserve, or even the so- called "guided opposition" led by people linked to Czechoslovak and Soviet secret police. Rather, we suggest thinking about Charter 77 as a "controlled opposition" consisting of a contra elite potentially capable of replacing the discredited communists. 3The magistr thesis also did not find evidence to prove Dolejsi's claim that the power handover in 1989 was arranged in advance, although both dissidents and elites o f the old regime calculated on forthcoming changes and contacts between these two camps did exist. Pragmatic communists had probably been preparing themselves for the new conditions and some even helped to trigger the revolutionary events. Later during the talks between Civic...
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Public awareness of drug problems in České Budějovice district
KOZLOVÁ, Lucie
ABSTRACT Addictive drugs are all around us and they have become a part of our lives. The issue of drug abuse is of critical importance, global, and difficult to solve. Typically, drugs are categorized as tolerated or not tolerated by society, and more or less risky. It is vital, therefore, to know the attitude of public to the issue. Lots of drug abuse causes have already been revealed, just like the reasons why some users develop addiction while others do not. In all probability the abuse of drugs or the addiction development cannot be put down to a single background factor. Everything will depend on personality traits of the individual, on his or her environmental conditions, and on specific effects of the drug. Since I take much interest in these issues, I have chosen for my thesis the subject of Public awareness of drug abuse issues in the District of České Budějovice. I investigated what people knew about drug abuse at the District where I live; their opinions of drug abuse; whether they believed that drug abuse deteriorated social position of an individual; whether they believed it boosted the rate of crime; if people were informed about facilities assisting recovery from drug addiction within the District of České Budějovice; and, last but not least, whether they suspected what drugs could come in their way here. The thesis aimed to examine what people knew about the drug abuse issues in the České Budějovice District. This objective has been met. Fifty three percent of respondents were found well informed on the subject, while the remaining 47% lacked the information. The survey was to prove or disprove hypothesis that the public was unaware of organizations providing help to drug addicts - the hypothesis was not confirmed since 51% of respondents were informed about the relevant organizations and 49% were not. Another hypothesis predicted that the public could not tell the illegal drugs from the legal ones - it was not confirmed as the public was found sufficiently informed. The hypotheses expecting the public to believe that drug abuse drives crime and deteriorates the addict's social position were confirmed by the bulk of respondents living in the District of České Budějovice. Ninety nine percent of the respondents believed the drug abuse pushed up the crime rate and 95% were of the opinion that it affected the addict's social position. As follows from the survey, the public in the České Budějovice District was relatively well informed of the drug abuse issues, though the differences encountered between awareness and unawareness of the subject were just minor. I intend to release the thesis as an information source for the general public(in the form of brochures, internet publications or periodicals); moreover, I want to offer the results to organizations engaged in the drug abuse treatment and to students of the University of South Bohemia to serve as training material. The public will find a wealth of important drug-related information in the paper, while the addiction treating organizations will be prompted to fill the gaps still existing in information available to the general public.
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Memes and the Theory of Universal Darwinism
Havlík, Vladimír
The article deals with the philosophical presuppositions and groundwork of the memetics. The central question is an analysis of Universal Darwinism as a common and universal evolutional principle or pattern that always springs in every environment when there're fulfilled required conditions. An evolutional process could be possibly described like an algorithmic process that faces to the rise of organized orderliness. Darwinism in this generally universal sense points to a distinctness survival of any kind self replicated code of information that has some influence over its probability of replication. The article stresses methodological importance of memetics as it makes possible to introspect variety of cultural development from a simple unification perspective.
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Discrete and limited dependent variables in econometrics
Bejda, Přemysl ; Prášková, Zuzana (referee) ; Cipra, Tomáš (advisor)
In the present work we study discrete and limited dependent variables. We begin with binary dependent variables. Then we show an example, where we use the data from psychological area. We work with econometric software EViews and show its possibilities, which are connected with our subject of study. We write procedures for "jackknife" method and simple random sample, compare logit, probit and gompit models and draw a graph of conditional probability of our models. Likewise we work with ordinal dependent variables. We use the same data as in the previous example. It means that we investigate possibilities of EViews and add some procedures for "jackkni ng," simple random sampling and for drawing pictures of conditional probability. Just from theoretical point of view we consider unordered dependent variables. In the next chapter we focus on limited dependent variables. We show theory of censored and truncated explained variables. As an application we show theory of survival analysis, which is used in our last example. Statistical computing is performed in R, because no suitable methods are implemented in EViews.
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Interbank contagion under the Basel III regulatory framework
Chleboun, Jakub ; Jakubík, Petr (advisor) ; Lešanovská, Jitka (referee)
This study assesses the impact of the Basel III regulatory framework on interbank contagion. It focuses on the direct interbank contagion that spreads via interbank foreign claims among national banking sectors. A balance sheet-based network model employs the quarterly consolidated banking statistics, collected by the Bank for International Settlements, to simulate the consequences of credit and funding shock under stressed market conditions. Compared to the Basel II, the Basel III regulatory framework reduces the probability of interbank contagion (following a simulated default of one banking sector) from 31% to 14% and lowers the impact of contagion by 63% in terms of average loss for a banking sector. The simulations under both regulatory frameworks show that relatively smaller banking sectors can trigger severe interbank contagion comparable to large banking sectors. Throughout the 2005-2009 period, the Basel III regulatory framework stabilizes the fluctuations of the scope of interbank contagion.
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The effect of sampling point on hygienically significant water indicators in natural bathing establishment
Zelinková, Myra ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Popovský, Jiří (referee)
In this diploma thesis, I deal with the influence of the sampling site on water quality in natural bathing lakes (Hostivar reservoir, Seberak pond and Vyzlovka pond) in this. I have established that hygienically significant kinds of phytoplankton may differ in terms of water quality especially where there are cyanobacteria constituting water bloom. Surface water bloom may be moved by wind to the lee side of the water body (Microcystis sp.). Aphanizomenon flos-aquae water bloom floating in water column can be affected by wind and by water flow (which may be partly affected by wind as well). With the prevailing fibrous Planktothrix agardhii which does not connstitute water bloom the concentration of chlorophyll-a and cyanobacterial cell abundance in individual sampling sites are similar although the concentration of chlorophyll-a a is about 200 g.l-1 . Microcystis sp. and Scenedesmus sp. survive under eutrophic conditions in competition. From the microbiological perspective, water quality can differ within a single sampling site in places at a distance of less than 100 m. Microbial contamination can be caused by bathers, water birds, farm animals and probably by the removing of microorganisms from sand, mud and sediments on the beach or shore. Rain episodes probably increase the abundance of E.coli...
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Circadian rhythm of secondary alga Chromera velia
JONÁKOVÁ, Martina
A life cycle of many known algae is influenced by the circadian clock. It seems probable that also Chromera velia, the closest known photosynthetic relative to Apicomplexa, uses circadian oscillator. We tested, if fluctuating of zoospore?s abundance is driven by the circadian clock. This rhythm is stable even in the constant light condition. Furthermore, three cryptochrome genes, involved in circadian rhythms, were sequenced and consequently phylogenetically investigated. Two of them were classified as CRY-DASH, the third is CRY-DASH-like. The rhythmicity of CRY-DASH expression in C. velia was also investigated. The level of expression was also tested under constant light and dark condition. It was suggested that expression of these genes is associated with the circadian oscillator. This is the first study of the circadian clock in C. velia.
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