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Approach and responsibility of today's patiens to cataracta disease.
ZEITHAMOVÁ, Eva
Cataract - Cataract is a disease of the eye lens and can affect all age groups. If left untreated, it can significantly impair vision or lead to blindness. In the theoretical part, I tried to clarify what the cataract actually is, what types of cataract do we have, examination methods, diagnostics, treatment, and nursing care in patients with cataract. In the second part, I tried to explain what the patient awareness is, and how important it is to inform patients about this disease, preoperative and postoperative care as well as after-care in home environment. In the practical part, quantitative survey in a form of questionnaire has been used. The survey took place at the Departmen of Ophthalmology, Jihlava Hospital. I have created two types of questionnaire, for nurses as well as for patients. Results were recorded in bar charts. Three hypotheses are determined for goals. Hypothesis No 1 - younger and younger patients undergo cataract surgery. Hypothesis No 2 - patients are more responsible and well informed. Hypothesis No 3 - level of cooperation with healthcare staff coresponds to anticipations of patient with ocular disease. All three hypotheses were confirmed. Even though the hypothesis No 2 has been confirmed, some patient answers do not indicate it. It is definitely necessary to continue putting stress on awareness, have enough time to inform patients and answer questions of all patients. Results of my work can lead to creation of time space for communication with patient; ensure synoptic and sufficient quantity of information material adequate to the patient needs.
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PCR-based detection of hidden carriers of cataracts in dogs
FARKOVÁ, Barbora
The hereditary cataract is one of the most common eye disease in dogs. The expansion of this disease in the Staffordshire bullterrier breed has been so massive that in the Czech Republic was introduced the rule of mandatory testing of at least one of a breeding pair. This is a degenerative disease of the lens causing total blindness of the affected animal within three years. Since some time ago there are no more dogs affected by the disease in the Czech Republic, there are however still hidden carriers which need to be discovered to the complete extinction of the disease in the genome. The goal of this study was to test simple ways of collecting biological samples, try them in practice and to verify whether they are suitable for the DNA isolation and also to test an alternative method of molecular detection of this disease. In total there have been 23 buccal swabs collected from male and female Staffordshire Bullterrier examples. The detection of the hidden carriers of the hereditary cataract was carried out by PCR analysis with specific primers. The obtained amplicons were detected by both gel and chip electrophoresis and by using fragment analysis. This detection of the carriers was based on the presence of two amplicons (heterozygotes). I came to conclusion that to detect hidden carriers it is neccessary to use the fragment analysis because of the difference of only one base in the reference section of DNA. Neither gel nor chip electrophoresis does provide sufficiently high resolution and it is not possible to detect two fragments that differ only by one bp. As the most appropriate sampling method I have chosen the buccal smear by cytological brush followed by isolating the DNA by Chelex with purification of the sample subsequently.
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Production of door holder by bending
Košťál, Ivo ; Rumíšek, Pavel (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (advisor)
The project elaborated in frame of bachelor studies branch 2303R002 is submitting design of Production technology of door holder made from sheet-metal quality 11 373. The batch is 50 000 pc. per year. On the basis of literature study was made possible production technology analyse. The result is 5-steps production technology. For technology project, which is concerned, were done technology calculations as well as calculations of shearing and bending pressures. The next there were determined possible forming machines eccentric presses LEN (producer TOMA Trnava). For each from production steps was designed progressive shearing die conception, bending die for pre-bending of hinge eye as well for final bending and ideological design of bending die for bending of side holder.
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Stability of humic acids in production of eye drops
Lišková, Kateřina ; Mravec, Filip (referee) ; Bilerová, Helena (advisor)
Glykoaminoglykans are the biological active compounds, which significantly affect the physiological processes in living organisms from under low concentrations. Marked representative of this group is hyaluronic acid. It is linear polysacharid, whose primary structure is consists of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamin linking by glycosidic bonds (13) and (14). It is occurring connective tissues, synovial fluids and vitreous humor too, in which forms system with unique rheological and optical properties. Except of human body is its concentration especially high in the cockscombs. Hyaluronic acid has very high ability to bonding molecules of water, increasing molecular weight a then viscosity of aqueous solutions too. This fact together with characteristic viscoelasticity and lubricating properties plays an important role in preserve of organism. Acid, but its salt too form basic component of compounds using in ophthalmic surgery. It is using in extraction of cataract, operation of glaucoma, implantation of crystalline lens and corneal grafting too. Aim of this bachelor work was a determination of stability of hyaluronic acid solutions along the production of eye drops. Main objective was using by rheological measurement detect the influence of addition polymers (PVP, PACA, PEOX, PEG, PUD, PEI) and different pH on stability, degradation aqueous solution of hyaluronic acid at sterilization in the steam autoclave respectively.
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Refractive lens exchange and glaucoma prevention
Smržová, Tereza ; Němcová, Iveta (advisor)
The objectives of this thesis were: You summarize and clarify the existing development and potential implantation of intraocular lenses with an emphasis on the use of multifocal intraocular lenses in patients with refractive defects, You collect data on intraocular pressure measured in the preoperative and postoperative examination in patients with implanted multifocal intraocular lenses You evaluate and compare the results of postoperativeexaminations with the results acquired in the preoperative examination focus on the size of intraocular pressure, depending on implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses You evaluate the importance of preventing an increase inintraocular pressure in the treatment of refractive errors and cataracts using multifocal intraocular lenses in patients You compare the results obtained from own studies have published studies in the Czech Republic and abroad.
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Evaluation of posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery
Kalfeřtová, Marie ; Jirásková, Naďa (advisor) ; Baráková, Drahomíra (referee) ; Těšínský, Pavel (referee)
Purpose: To study effect of AquaLase method used for final management of posterior capsule during cataract surgery on the posterior capsule opacification (PCO) creation and to verify safety of this method for the corneal endothelium. Methods: The prospective clinical study involving 56 patients with bilateral cataract having lens removal at the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Hradec Králové in the period from September 2007 to March 2009. During the surgery lens was removed using torsional phacoemulsification and bimanual irigation/aspiration. Cleaning of the posterior capsule of the right eye was performed using AquaLase method (Alcon Laboratories, Forth Worth, Texas, USA) based on pulsed warm, naturally balanced surgical solution. Intraocular lens AcrySof SA60AT was implanted bilaterally to all patients. All patients were examined preoperatively and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Each examination covered best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell count (ECC) and corneal pachymetry. Moreover postoperatively digital retroillumination photographs of the anterior segment focused on the posterior capsule were always obtained. The Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO 2000) software and the Open-Access Systematic Capsule Assessment (OSCA) system were used...
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EVALUATION OF POSTERIOR CAPSULE OPACIFICATION AMONG VARIOUS TYPES OF INTRAOCULAR LENS
Pozlerová, Jana ; Jirásková, Naďa (advisor) ; Těšínský, Pavel (referee) ; Synek, Svatopluk (referee)
Purpose: To evaluate posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in patients 7 years after cataract operation with the implantation of three types of intraocular lenses (IOL): rigid polymethylmetacrylate IOL (PMMA) with a round optical edge, foldable hydrophobic acrylate IOL with a sharp edged optic and foldable IOL whose optical part is made from silicone with round edges. For the quantification, two computerized methods were used and the correlation of the two systems was evaluated. Data from both methods were used to compare PCO incidence for the followed IOL and ascertain if some type of IOL showed better qualifications in the prevention of posterior capsule opacification. Patients and methods: We evaluated 73 patients that had undergone cataract operation using the classic ultrasound phacoemulsification method in the time period of 1998-2000 at the Ophthalmology Department of the Hradec Kralove Faculty Hospital. Seven years after the operation, a standard ophthalmologic examination was performed including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and a digital photograph of the anterior segment of the eye in mydriasis, focusing on the posterior capsule. On the photograph, posterior capsule opacification were evaluated using the Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification 2000 software (EPCO 2000) and the...
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Characterization of mice with constitutively active Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in lens
Antošová, Barbora ; Kozmik, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Pavlínková, Gabriela (referee)
Lens development and differentiation are strictly regulated processes. Various disturbances of these processes can lead to vision-limiting pathologies. The vertebrate lens is composed of epithelial cells and terminally differentiated fiber cells. Differentiation of fiber cells is connected with expression of fiber cell specific proteins (such as crystallins), cell cycle exit, and finally with the degradation of cell nucleus and organelles. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays important roles during early eye development as well as later during the lens differentiation. To investigate the consequences of constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lens fiber cells transgenic mouse strain, called CLEF, was created. Constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fiber cells of CLEF mouse is achieved by transgenic protein CLEF that contains C-terminal activation domain of β-catenin fused to the amino terminus of full-length protein Lef1. The expression of CLEF transgene is under the control of αA-crystallin promoter. As a result of constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in fiber cells, adult CLEF mice develop cataracts and microphthalmia, and the morphology of adult mutant lenses is disrupted. Transgenic CLEF mRNA is expressed starting from E13.5 and by E16.5 transgenic CLEF protein is...
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