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Automated Functional Analysis in Dynamic Medical Imaging
Tichý, Ondřej
Dynamic medical imaging is concerned with acquisition and analysis of a sequence of images of the same region of a body during time. In nuclear medicine, each pixel of an image is the sum of particles coming from an applied radioactive tracer from the body in a specific time-interval. Hence, each observed image is a superposition of an unknown number of underlaying organ images. The aim of functional analysis is to separate the images of biologic organs and related time-activity curves from the sequence of images.
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Project metods utilization /disposal waste from selected machine works
Šíma, Kamil ; Nekvasil, Richard (referee) ; Novotný, Pavel (advisor)
The topic of my master’s thesis is waste management issue in selected engineering company with focus on industrial wastes. With use of information gained from selected engineering operation there is mentioned its brief characteristics, details about individual operations and products, impact of company activities on environment, facts about quantity of produced wastes and summary of current ways of waste management. On the basis of review of gained information there are suggested measures in the master’s thesis which realization would mean not only increase of material and energy utilization of produced waste, increase of degree fulfilment of waste economy and decrease of quantity of wastes placed in dump, but, in the long term, betterment of economical situation of company and its image.
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Similarity of bitmap images
Šilhán, Jiří ; Mareš, Martin (advisor) ; Zitová, Barbara (referee)
In the present work we study methods used for content based image retrieval. We analyse features based on color, shape, texture and spatial relations. We review methods for construction signatures based on this features and their comparison. We touch the segmentation techniques and methods for obtaining hidden semantics in image content. At last but not least ve study some of evaluation metrics for content based image retrieval systems.
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Clinical information systems. Quality in clinical information systems
KÝČEK, Michal
In its theoretical part, this work deals with hospital information systems, their properties and development trends in the world, in Czech Republic and in the faculty Hospital in Plzeň in particular. A special reason for taking up this subject was the on-going transition to digital operation at the RTG departament of said hospital. Pictorial documentacion in digital form is presently becoming standard part of the medical do-cumentacion. The X-ray photographs can now be viewed at any client station of the hospital information system. As the existing stations were not originally intended for visualisation of pictorial medical documentacion, image quality tests have been carried out to determine the suitability of the station monitors for such operation. The main target of this work was to identify, using the technical tools available ath the RTG departament, a suitable image quality test, to verify its informative value and compare the existing hospital information system stations with dedicated diagnostic work station primarily intended for visualisation of medical X-ray documentation. The practical part of this work consisted of two tests using special graphic images and real patient`s X-ray picture including a specific diagnostic feature. A method of controlled interview was then used to establish the image quality and the degree of certainty with which that the doctors could identify the subject diagnostic feature. The test results were subject to statistical analysis using the linear regression analytic method whereby the informative value of the tests was determined. Finally, the operational properties of diagnostic work stations were compared to those of the hospital information system. In consideration of the small number of stations subjects to tests, the statistic analysis of this comparison was not carried out.
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Theoretical description of imaging by a digital holographic microscope
Slabá, Michala ; Komrska, Jiří (referee) ; Chmelík, Radim (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with theory of imaging in a transmitted-light digital holographic microscope using partially coherent illumination. The influence of spatial and temporal coherence state on optical sectioning property is solved. The coherent transfer function is calculated. From this function imaging characteristics for a two-dimensional scattering object are derived depending on its defocus. Two different designs of microscopes developed in the Laboratory of optical microscopy in IPE FME BUT are considered.
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Study of the properties of hyperpolarized xenon-129 for magnetic resonance imaging
Rychnovský, Jan ; Nováková,, Sabina (referee) ; Kohout,, jJaroslav (referee) ; Bartušek, Karel (advisor)
Produkce hyperpolarizovaných plynů, především helia (3He) nebo xenonu (129Xe), nachází stále rostoucí rozsah aplikací v zobrazování magnetickou rezonancí (MRI). Helium ani xenon nejsou obyčejně obsaženy v těle a experimenty tedy nejsou ovlivněny nechtěným signálem z okolních tkání. Ukázalo se, že několika hyperpolarizačními technikami může být magnetická polarizace (magnetizace) jader vzácných plynů zvýšena na hladinu, se kterou jsou praktické aplikace proveditelné. Hyperpolarizované plyny mohou tedy být užitečným nástrojem pro neinvazivní zkoumání lidského dýchání, dovolující statické zobrazování během zadržení dechu nebo zkoumání dynamiky výdechu nebo nádechu, nebo funkčního zobrazování. V neživé přírodě, mohou být hyperpolarizovaný plyny využity jako kontrastní látka při studiu mikroporézních materiálů, jako jsou zeolity, stavební látky a hmoty, atd. V této doktorské práci je popsán vývoj a konstrukce aparatury pro hyperpolarizaci xenonu (izotopu 129Xe). Nákup hyperpolarizovaného xenonu od jiných výzkumných center v zahraničí a jeho dovážení by ovšem nebylo efektivní a to zejména z důvodu náročnosti zajištění potřebných fyzikálních podmínek pro přepravu hyperpolarizovaného plynu. Toto bylo hlavní motivací k vývoji vlastní technologie pro přípravu hyperpolarizovaného xenonu. Se zvládnutou technologií by bylo možné navázat spolupráci s medicínskými zařízeními, nebo s týmy zabývající se živou nebo neživou přírodou (např. při studiu mikroporézních materiálů, gelů, v zemědělských aplikacích nebo při výzkumu využívajících zvířat, atd.). Cílem této práce je studium teorie hyperpolarizovaných vzácných plynů se zaměřením na 129Xe a experimentální ověření a změření relaxačních časů pomocí jaderné magnetické rezonance. Vzhledem k tomu, že je možné hyperpolarizované vzácné plyny skladovat pro pozdější využití, se tato práce také zabývá možnostmi zásobníku hyperpolarizovaného vzácného plynu a jeho teoretickým a experimentálním řešením. V této práci jsou popsány především dva základní typy experimentů přípravy hyperpolarizovaného xenonu. V obou jsou využity zatavené válcové skleněné vzorky naplněné xenonem a doplňujícím plynem – dusíkem, heliem. První z experimentů se zabývá měřením vlastností termálně polarizovaného xenonu a druhý měřením vlastností hyperpolarizovaného xenonu. Pro hyperpolarizaci 129Xe bylo použito výkonového laseru a experimentálně byla zkoumána jednak míra polarizace na základě změny spektrální hustoty čerpacího laserového svazku a dále pak optimální doba optického čerpání 129Xe a relaxační časy xenonu.
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Automatization of method of surface structure measurement by means of reflection mode digital holographic microscope.
Vacula, Daniel ; Šerý, Mojmír (referee) ; Lovicar, Luděk (advisor)
Reflected-light digital holographic microscope developed at IPE FME BUT uses off-axis holography principle and low spatial and temporal coherence illumination. Microscope allows reconstruction of the image amplitude and the image phase, which can be handled in real time. The only limiting factors are imaging speed of the detector and computer performance when processing holograms. Reconstruction of image phase and amplitude allows high-resolution profilometric measurements in the vertical axis direction. This thesis deals with the automatization of profilometric measurement method proposed in [2]. Proposed method uses the combination of the image phase and the image amplitude for the measurement of specimens with surface structure the vertical size of which cause the uncertainty of the image phase by a factor of 2pí. Futher the thesis deals with the construction design of the illumination system of the microscope and its realization together with experimental verification of functionality of proposed method automatization.
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Possibilities of preoperative determination of local extent of prostate cancer
Záleský, Miroslav ; Urban, Michael (advisor) ; Jarolím, Ladislav (referee) ; Novák, Jaroslav (referee) ; Pacík, Dalibor (referee)
Author analyses results of methods of preoperative local staging of prostate cancer (digital rectal examination -DRE, prostate biopsy, statistical predictive nomograms etc.) Further he analyses results of imaging methods (CT, MRI, ultrasound and all of his modification- Doppler imaging, harmonic imaging, 3D reconstruction contrast enhancement).
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The study of photodynamic phenomenon on melanom cell lines
KOLÁČKOVÁ, Zdeňka
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical method combining the use of photodynamic active substance and light in presence of oxygen. It extends the treatment possibilities of tumor and non-tumor disorders. It complements surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. An increased accumulation of photosensitive substance in pathological focus is the base of PDT. Subsequent irradiation by light of suitable wavelenght evokes photodynamic reactions leading to formation of reactive oxygen species and to biological answer leading to tumor cells damage. The final effect depends on sensitizer type, its concentration in target tissue and on used source of radiation. Aim of the thesis is to prove photodynamic properties of newly developed photodynamic active substance phtalocyanin CIAIPcS2 and possibilities of its usage to induce photodynamic phenomenon in melanom cells. Owing to absorption of light in sensitizer the formation of excited states happens, and then the excited form of sensitizer reacts directly with substrate. During this reaction free radicals of substrate form or transfer of energy from sentitizer to oxygen and formation of highly reactive singlet oxygen happen. Free radicals, especially radicals of lipid components of cell membranes, are the major cause of tumor destruction. Fruitfulness of PDT depends not only on type of sensitizer and level of oxygen in tumor cell but also on used light source. Luminiscence diodes (LEDs) were used as the source of light. Formation of ROS after PDT was detected with the help of fluorescent molecular probe CM-H2DCFDA on spectrofluorimeter Synergy HT and on fluorescent microscope Olympus IX 81 with image analysis. According to our results the production of ROS depends on concentration of sensitizer CIAIPcS2 and the radiation dose. We proved that the sensitizer CIAIPcS2 is suitable photodynamic active substance and evokes photodynamic phenomenon in tumor cells.
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Ohodnocení chyby objemové rekonstrukce biologických vzorků z konfokálních obrazů
Čapek, Martin ; Janáček, Jiří ; Kubínová, Lucie ; Smrčka, P. ; Hána, K.
We performed both volume reconstructions using images captured by the USB microscope and images captured by the confocal microscope. We manually marked important corresponding structures in both reconstructed data sets, and computed distances between corresponding structures, assuming that structures in the reconstruction from USB microscope data are without deformations. According to our expectations, the main errors of high-resolution volume reconstruction (from confocal data) are in the direction of physical cutting (vary in units of millimeters) and in the direction perpendicular to cutting due to off-cut (vary in tenths of millimeters)
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