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Test of medicaments perspective for exploitment at the fishing profession
SCHEINER, Pavel
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of orally applied praziquantel on the treatment efficacy against most abundant tapeworms (Atractolytocestus huronensis Anthony, 1958 and Khawia sinensis Hsü, 1935) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus). Naturally infected fish (one-year-old; K1+) were divided into 3 trial groups containing 17 specimens and administered with praziquantel mixed in heat-treated amyloid vehicle (in doses of 50 mg.kg-1 body weight). In 3 groups of control, the fish were administered amyloid vehicle only. Fish were examined by using of gut dissection 2, 4 and 6 days after administration. At 48 hours post-treatment, significantly lower prevalence of both parasites was found. The invasion of A.huronensis was fully eliminated in all fish after 96 hours whereas some specimens of K.sinensis still persisted in the gut of few fish. The full elimination of both parasites was observed 6 days after administration. Our results showed that elimination of K. sinensis takes longer than elimination of A.huronensis. The dose of 50 mg kg-1 of orally applied praziquantel is effectual to control A.huronensis and K sinensis infections in common carp successfully. The effect of oral applied praziquantel on the hematology and biochemical parameters blood of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), infected by the tapeworms Atractolytocestus huronensis and Khawia sinensis was the object of analyse. It was the partial goal of the work. The infected fishes were divided to the six groups. The praziquantel was applied stirred in amyloid vehicle in dose 30 mg/kg of quick materiality for two groups and for two to other groups in dose 50mg/kg of quick materiality. Only clean amyloid vehiculum was applied to two control groups. Blood taking and resulting patoanatomic investigation was effected 24 and 96 hours after application of praziquantel. Results of hematology investigation of blood obtained 24 hours after the application point on significant fall (p< 0,01) of the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit in both groups E1 and E3, which achieved the original surface after 96 hours. The significant upsurge (p<0,05) of the surface serum hepatic enzyme ALT was recorded after 96 hours.
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Prevention of Cervical Cancer
Kafková, Simona ; Šafář, Petr (advisor)
Cervical cancer is a disease characterized by an abnormal growth of cells in the uterine cervix. It is caused by an infection with a range of high risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) and it is now accepted that more that 99 % of the cervical cancer is initiated by the HPV infection. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted viral disease. Most of the HPV infections are only temporary and human organism can destroy the infection with its own immune response. A persistent infection can lead to the malign transformation and an uncontrolled cell proliferation. There are more than 10 years between an epithelial infection and cervical cancer. Prevention of cervical cancer includes an HPV protection, an early diagnosis and a treatment. In spite of the fact that there has been enormous progress in the area of the cervical cancer prevention when vaccination against the most common HPV types was discovered, an early precancerous diagnosis through the use of the full-area screening still remains an essential precaution. The screening still needs to be provided not only to unvaccinated women but also to the immunized ones because current vaccines protect only against 80% of the oncogenic HPV types. Because of the prolonged absence of clinical symptoms in precancerous stages, the cytodiagnosis is the only method...
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Macrophages in leishmania - sand fly - host interaction
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor) ; Fialová, Anna (referee)
Sand flies (order Diptera) are vectors of Leishmania parasites (Trypanosomatida), which are inoculated into the host skin together with the vector saliva. Sand fly saliva plays the important role in the Leishmania transmission; in naive host it supresses the host immune response assisting Leishmania to establish the infection, while in repeatedly bitten host it elicits a protective immune response. The submitted thesis focuses on the effect of sand fly saliva on macrophages, the key cells in the infection control. In the first part of the thesis we established a laboratory model L. major - P. papatasi - Balb/c to describe the protective effect of saliva immunization on Leishmania infection development. Immunized mice were protected against Leishmania infection which was reflected in the ear lesion size, parasite load in the ear dermis and draining lymph nodes but also in cytokine production. On the contrary, produced lower amount of nitric oxide, while arginase activity was comparable with nonimmunized group. The IgG antibodies against saliva served as a marker of exposure to sandflies while IgG antibodies against Leishmania antigens served as a marker of infection severity. The experiments were aimed on the possibility of cross-protectivity in Balb/c mice against L. major between closely related...
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Antiviral vaccination - tick borne encephalitis virus
Solarová, Pavlína ; Janštová, Vanda (referee) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor)
Tick borne encephalitis is by one of the most severe disease of central nervous system. Agent of this disease is tick-borne encephalitis virus, which is transmitted mainly by tick. Clinical picture of TBE is considerably different and varied in individuals - from quite infection without symptoms up to severe cerebro-spinal meningitis, in such cases attacked persons by this virus leave hospital with whole-life handicap. We can prevent this disease by inoculation. We can see it in the neighboring Austria, where TBE almost became extinct because 90% of population is vaccinated. Vaccines are commercially available from 1979. Nevertheless only 17% population is vaccinated against TBEV. The reason for it could be fact that insurance companies do not provide the vaccines as well as not very effective health education. One of possibilities how we can this tendency reverse would be higher awareness of pupils at schools. In school educational programs there is contained prevention of viral disease, especially in general biology, biology of viruses and education to health.
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Development of model system for study of bacterial adhesion on lung epithelium of CF patients
Nosková, Libuše ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Švédová, Martina (referee)
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease bearing a number of health difficulties. The main complication is a chronic colonization and infection of respiratory tract with specific microorganisms - especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The lung infection with this microorganism is the most common cause of all of death in these patients. The colonization of respiratory tract is mediated by the series of adhesive structures such as lectin PA-IIL. Currently, the most widely used therapy is an antibiotic treatment. Due to the increasing resistance to antibiotics another methods for treatment are being searched. One possibility is a passive immunization of patients with chicken antibodies. For this purpose, we prepared antibodies against one of the adhesive structures of P. aeruginosa - recombinant lectin PA-IIL. These antibodies be able to recognize a native lectin PA-IIL, expressed by P. aeruginosa. To test the ability of antibodies to prevent adhesion of bacteria on the lung epithelial cells a suitable model system was necessary to develop. The basal components of this system include epithelial cells and P. aeruginosa. Epithelial cells from airways of cystic fibrosis patient were isolated by two methods. One method is based on the direct isolation from the dissected tissue and the second one is a brushing...
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Current infectious equine diseases in the Czech republic and possible preventive measures
ŠPAČKOVÁ, Vladislava
The bachelor work is aimed to the topic of actual problems infectious equine diseases, concretely to equine infectious anemia, contagious equine metritis, influenza and tetanus. Further is focused to preventive precautions made in the horse-breeding area. The objective of this work has been to evaluate on base of given questionnaire the knowledge of horse owners and breeders about infectious diseases and also their knowledge about preventive precautions procedures. From 160 respondents, 98 % of asked were fully knowledgeable in case of tetanus, the lowest knowledge in this research area was about contagious equine metritis and that only 39 % among the horse owners. From preventive precautions side, the most used vaccination is against influenza (91 %), second is against tetanus (83 %).
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Factors underlying parental decisions about childood vaccination
Kočišová, Eva ; Podaná, Zuzana (advisor) ; Hamplová, Dana (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the issue of mothers' decision-making in relation to their child's vaccination against pneumococcal infections. An on-line survey of mothers was conducted (n = 180) in order to obtain data for the theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A hierarchical logistic regression was then performed in order to analyze the model with the intention to vaccinate as the dependent variable. The results of the regression analyses were supplemented by results of correlation analyses and non-parametric tests. The theory proved itself as a strong predictive instrument and the results suggest that the attitude is the main predictor of the decision in this non-representative sample of mothers. The subjective norm, as the second construct of the TPB, contributes only in certain case and the perceived behavioral control was not found influential at all. The perception of thread of contraindications of the vaccine proves also influential next to the attitude. The beliefs that mothers hold about the vaccine were analyzed according to mothers intentions to vaccinate (n = 70) or not to (n = 110). These results support the idea that mothers, especially those who do not want to vaccinate their children against pneumococcal infections, decide particularly according to...
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Comparison of anti-influenza vaccination approaches in European countries
Stehlíková, Kateřina ; Kynčl, Jan (advisor)
Influenza is a very common infectious respiratory diseases caused by the influenza virus. Every year, affects a huge number of people. The greater part of them will be without serious consequences. However, there are groups of people who may Flu cause serious complications, thus increasing the number of hospitalizations and also causes many deaths. In the case of the disease younger people leads to inability to work due to large economic losses. In the Czech Republic is not seasonal flu majority of the population perceived as a serious condition. A possible step in preventing Flu hygiene rules, in addition to the vaccination which should be addressed. The aim of the diploma work is to present approaches of some European countries to vaccinate, promotion, financing and impact of these measures the degree of coverage.
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