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Glycophenotype of head and neck carcinomas
Chovanec, Martin ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Mandys, Václav (referee) ; Martínek, Jindřich (referee)
1 THESIS The thesis deals with the glycophenotype analysis of normal squamous cell epithelia, and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Many research projects focus on improving patients prognosis studying biological properties of the tumor. The alterations of carbohydrate motives occur during cell differentiation and carcinogenesis. Lectins are proteins that bind to specific carbohydrate structures. Animal lectins, including human lectins, consist of five subfamilies according to their binding specifity. Much attention is paid to the investigation of galectins - -galactoside binding proteins. Their carbohydrate recognitive function is not dependent on the presence of Ca2+ ions, contrary to the other lectin types. Galectins play important roles in many biological processes, e.g. in adhesion, intercellular interactions, immunomodulation, inflammation, cell growth, apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing. Alterations in any of these might contribute to the malignant transformation and cancer progression. Endogenous lectins (galectins, Langerin, Manose receptor) were detected using immunohistochemistry, galectin-binding sites were localized by lectin histochemistry. Reverse lectin histochemistry was employed for the study of glycosaminoglycan binding sites. Human (squamous cell epithelia of the oral cavity, oropharynx...
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Propagation of inclined cracks to the interface of ceramic laminates
Novotná, Lenka ; Trunec, Martin (referee) ; Chlup, Zdeněk (advisor)
Composite materials with laminated structure provide advantages which are utilised during component design. Low density, temperature and chemical stability are the profitable properties predetermining application of ceramic laminates. The main obstacle for wide spread of ceramic materials is their inherent brittleness. Therefore, in this thesis, the crack propagation in ceramics laminates has been extensively studied. Laminated structures with various volume fractions of components (alumina and zirconia) were prepared by electrophoretic deposition. Evaluation of crack propagation through the interface and determination of basic mechanical properties was conducted on the basis of extensive literature search. Crack deflection originated in both presence of internal stresses and differences in elastic modulus during the crack interface passing was monitored. A special type of specimen geometry was employed with the aim to set arbitrary angle between crack and interface. It was experimentally found that the degree of crack deflection is dependent on entering angle and volume fraction of components. Higher crack deflection was already found in the bulk of the test piece comparing to the test piece surface. The 3D fracture surface reconstruction generated using laser confocal microscopy was used in this detailed crack propagation study. Further basic elastic and strength characteristics of laminates were determined and compared to those obtained from monolithic materials. The validity of the mix rule for elastic characteristics was confirmed by comparing of elastics modulus. The most reliable method for elastic modulus determination was marked the dynamic resonance method due to low scatter and consistency in measurement. The flexural strength of all laminates tends to be close to the flexural strength of the weakest component. Therefore the mix rule is not applicable for flexural strength estimation on the contrary of elastic characteristics. The change of component volume fraction leads only to change of flexural strength scatter. Thanks to gained knowledge about crack propagation and basic characteristic determination will be possible to design ceramic laminates more efficiently for given needs of application.
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Balance-related exercise as a preparation to cross-country skiing practice in visually impaired children
Chmelíčková, Hana ; Daďová, Klára (advisor) ; Levitová, Andrea (referee)
Title: Balance-related excercise as a preparation to cross-country skiing practice in visually impaired children. Objectives of the Thesis: The goal of this thesis is to test the possibilitiy of implementation of selected balance- related excercise in visually impaired children. Method: The testing pool consisted of six pupils attending the Special school for Visually Impaired Children between 14 and 15 years of age. Over the period of ten weeks, selected exercise geared towards the cross-country skiing was practiced with these students. The research method applied to measure students' indicators of balance before and after the excercise was an assessment of standing stability at the Footscan pressure table, as well as a walking test in terrain with blinded eyes. Results and Conclusions: This research has indicated the possibility of physical intervention in form of balance- related practice as part of the preparation before the cross-country skiing season begins. It has proven that selected balance-related excercise can be applied with no limitations during the physical education classes for visually impaired pupils. After the physical intervention, the majority of tested individuals showed improvements in their indicators of dynamic balance, as proved by the walking test in terrain with blinded...
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Analysis of the Italian Labour Market
Kadlecová, Kateřina ; Filipová, Alena (advisor) ; Zeman, Jiří (referee)
The thesis consists of two main parts: descriptive and analytical. The descriptive part focuses on providing the readers with information about the main characteristics of the Italian labour market. It provides not only statistical data about the labour market but also describes the key instruments and provisions of the Italian social and labour policy. In the analytical part, conclusions from the descriptive part are drawn, several critical issues are pointed out and proposals for improvement are presented. Due to the complexity of the topic, the thesis concentrates on depicting an overall image of the current situation at the Italian labour market. However, it does not aspire to provide details on all range of questions related to it. As a logical consequence of the fact that hardly any information in the Czech language on the topic stays at disposal, the thesis is based on the information and data presented mostly in Italian, possibly in English language, by Italian and international (non-)governmental organisations.
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Universality in Amorphous Computing
Petrů, Lukáš ; Wiedermann, Jiří (advisor) ; Janeček, Jan (referee) ; Neruda, Roman (referee)
Amorphous computer is a theoretical computing model consisting of randomly located tiny devices (called nodes) in some target area. The nodes of an amorphous computer can communicate using short-range radio. The communication radius is small compared to the size of the target area. The nodes are all identical, initially have no identi ers, work asynchronously and there is no standard communication protocol. An amorphous computer must work for any number of nodes under reasonable statistical assumptions concerning the spatial distribution of nodes. Moreover, the computation should use very limited amount of memory on each node. For the just described concept of amorphous computer we investigate the question whether a universal computation is possible at all in a corresponding theoretical model. To answer this question, several subsequent steps are performed. In the rst step, we design a formal minimalist model of a node and of the amorphous computer as a whole. In the second step, we develop communication protocol for the amorphous computer. In the last step, we show the universality by simulating a computation of a universal machine. The size of the amorphous computer will depend on the space complexity of the simulated machine. All the previously mentioned steps are described in detail in this work....
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Rationalization project of workplace for Hot-water Heater welding
Varjan, Matúš ; Heinl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Rumíšek, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is to rationalize the water heaters welding area in Tatramat company - ohrievače s.r.o. The rationalization consists of three parts. The first part deals with the arrangement of the workplaces, the second part re-evaluates the monthly production planning. The third part describes in detail the production of one type, which based on simulations created in the simulation software Witness, compares the recorded time in company informartion system Orfert to the real production time in the operation. Each individual part offers optimization proposals and merging them into one unit, will create an efficient, transparent and economically value adding rationalization of the water heaters welding area.
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Plasmon enhanced photoluminescence
Édes, Zoltán ; Kůsová,, Kateřina (referee) ; Šikola, Tomáš (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá fotoluminiscencí polovodičových materiálů zesílené plazmonovými polaritony. Je popsána základní teorie interakce mezi lokalizovanými povrchovými plazmonovými polaritony a fotoluminiscenčními látkami. Dva mechanismy, které mohou vést k fotoluminiscenci zesílené plazmonovými polaritony jsou diskutovány. Následně je popsán návrh aparatury pro měření fotoluminiscence a způsob její realizace. Funkčnost aparatury je ověřena měřením fotoluminiscenčních spekter objemového GaN, nanokrystalického Si a CdTe kvantových teček. Nakonec je zkoumána metoda přípravy vzorků sestávajících z kovových nanokuliček a fotoluminiscenčně aktívních CdTe kvantových teček.
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Mechanizmy regulace signální transdukce povrchovými proteiny leukocytu*.
Štěpánek, Ondřej ; Brdička, Tomáš (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee) ; Vomastek, Tomáš (referee)
The core of the doctoral thesis "Regulation of signal transduction by leukocyte surface proteins" consists of three publications in international peer-reviewed journals dealing with leukocyte signaling both at the level of individual signaling pathways and in the context of a multicellular organism. Most attention is paid to signaling via the T cell receptor (TCR), which plays a central role in the development and function of T cells and represents a key signaling pathway for proper function of the adaptive component of the immune system. Transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase CD148 was considered a negative regulator of TCR signaling through dephosphorylation of LAT and PLCγ1 proteins. This study brings evidence that CD148 is able to modulate signaling also at the level of Lck, both positively and negatively. The net effect of CD148 activity on the TCR signaling is determined by the intracellular biochemical context, notably, the presence of another tyrosine phosphatase CD45. The second project dealt with the characterization of a transmembrane adaptor protein PRR7. This adapter inhibits TCR signaling via down-regulation of the intracellular Lck and cell surface TCR levels. The research concerning the signaling in the environment of a multicellular organism is represented by the analysis of...
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