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The Model of Financial Compensation for placement of a Deep Geological Repository of Radioactive Waste in the Czech republic in period from 2010 to 2016
Englerová, Anna ; Zeman, Martin (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
Author examines a way of allocation of governmental financial resources to municipalities in locations preselected for deep geological repository. She is searching for a way how to add a motivational incentive to the process of allocation of financial resources in order to improve municipalities attitude towards deep geological repository. Hypothesis, examined in this thesis, contains two related questions. It is assumed that (1) amount and structure of financial resources can significantly affect municipalities decision making and also that (2) current mechanism of allocation of compensations is ineffective and does not create sufficient incentives. Currently (end of the year 2016), negotiations between government and municipalities are in crisis despite significant financial compensation from government nuclear account to the municipalities. This thesis have potential to change municipalities negative stance on deep geological repository through motivational model of resource allocation. Theoretical part reviews basic economic background and introduces historical, sociological, technological and economic views of radioactivity and deep geological repository. In practical part author analyzes socio-economic situation, compares evolution of transfers from government to municipalities with their attitude towards deep geological repository in time and shows that current system of resource allocation does not motivate the municipalities to change their stance on deep geological repository. That confirms second part of our hypothesis. Author also proposes a motivational model of resource alllocation. She confirms its viability by comparing it with similar models from other countries, by surveying mayors of concerned municipalities and also by examining experts opinion. Verification of the model confirmed its motivational effect. By that, first assumption of our hypothesis, that structure of resource allocation can significantly affect municipalities decision making, was confirmed.
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Possibilities of physical therapy in females with muscular dysbalances of the type of the upper crossed syndrome
Tetřevová, Eva ; Smolíková, Libuše (advisor) ; Smékal, David (referee)
Upper-crossed syndrome is, according to Janda, described as a muscle imbalance in the upper part of the body, which significantly affects function of the cervical spine, the thoracic spine and the shoulder girdle. The non-physiological function and the position in these parts further influence, above all, respiratory stereotype - upper breathing - and body statics. Therapy is based on influencing the deep stabilizing system, followed by a therapy focused on the place of malfunction and the kinesiology count. Therapy of deep stabilization system complex infuences breath and postural function in their mutual coordination and it is program-controlled by CNS. Importance of close connection of breath and postural functions ensues from the fact, that respiratory muscles participate in internal stabilization with deep spinal muscles. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Factors affecting postmortem changes in pork meat
Seilerová, Michaela ; Čítek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lebedová, Nicole (referee)
The thesis focused on the summary of the quality of pork. The main indicators of the quality of pork and of meat generally together with a chemical composition and the external and internal factors dealing with the quality of meat are described in the thesis. The various histological structure, the variable chemical content, technological features are found in meat. The structure and composition depends on a way of living, the function of the parts of an animal body, on lots of intravital factors (a kind of an animal, breed, male or female, age, the way of nutrition, the state of health). Meat is a valuable source of nutrients and essential acids for a man. The human organism is not able to synthesize the essential acids itself. Lipids are the important part of meat, their main function is storing energy. They are found as a reserve tissue in the subcutaneus parts of animals or among muscular fibre. The amount of carbohydrates contained in meat is not important, meat is low in carbohydrates. They are only important for meat maturation. Meat is high in minerals and vitamins. It is necesary for a man and should be a part of our diet. The important factor for a meat quality is described as a formation of muscular fibres. There are the thin fibres in the meat of a high quality and the thick and fat fibres in the meat of a low quality. The meat quality depends on a number and charactes of animal fibres. The meat of a high quality is for example loin - it is the meat with fine fibres. The next factor which has influence on a meat quality is course of post mortem changes.We can differentiate four stages in these processes: prae rigor, rigor mortis, aging of the meat and deep autolysis. Post mortem aiging processes can deviate from teh standard from variety of reasons and as concequences we can see quality deviation of the meat for example PSE, DFD, RSE, Hampshire efect and cold shortening.Also the breed has the influance on the quality of the meat namely sensitivity to stress,growth characteristic and parameters of slaughter value, other internal factors are age and sex. External factors which has the influance on the quality of the meat are transport of the animals to the slaughterhouse, attitude of the employees during chasing after the animals, the rest before slaughter, stunning itself,bleeding thereafter and cooling down after slaughtery.
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VÝKONNOST DOWNSIDE RISK MODELŮ POST-MODERNÍ TEORIE PORTFOLIA
Jablonský, Petr ; Málek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kodera, Jan (referee) ; Lukáš, Ladislav (referee)
The thesis provides a comparison of different portfolio models and tests their performance on the financial markets. Our analysis particularly focuses on comparison of the classical Markowitz modern portfolio theory and the downside risk models of the post-modern portfolio theory. In addition, we consider some alternative portfolio models ending with total eleven models that we test. If the performance of different portfolio models should be evaluated and compared correctly, we must use a measure that is unbiased to any portfolio theory. We suggest solving this issue via a new approach based on the utility theory and utility functions. We introduce the unbiased method for evaluation of the portfolio model performance using the expected utility efficient frontier. We use the asymmetric behavioural utility function to capture the behaviour of the real market investors. The Markowitz model is the leading market practice. We investigate whether there are any circumstances in which some other models might provide better performance than the Markowitz model. Our research is for three reasons unique. First, it provides a comprehensive comparison of broad classes of different portfolio models. Second, we focus on the developed markets in United States and Germany but also on the local emerging markets in Czech Republic and Poland. These local markets have never been tested in such extent before. Third, the empirical testing is based on the broad data set from 2003 to 2012 which enable us to test how different portfolio model perform in different macroeconomic conditions.
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MRP transporters in the placenta
Dvořáková, Marie ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
The MRP mebrane proteins, which belong to the ABC transporter family, comprise currently 9 members. The MRP transport proteins are expressed in various tissues of the organism, including placenta. The major physiological role of the multidrug transporters is the transport of many endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs, across the cell membrane. This thesis summarizes up to date information concerning expression and function MRP transporters in placenta a and in other tisssues in organism. Only five MRP transporters have been detected in placenta, namely MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP5 a MRP8. Expression of all this proteins in placenta changes with progress of the pregnancy. MRP transporters help to protect fetus from potentially toxic substances, on the other hand some of them can facilitate the passage of substances across placenta. Some MRPs possess specific physiological functions in placenta. For example, MRP1 influences apoptosis, MRP5 participates in NO-dependent vasodilatation in fetal vessels.
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Tumor proliferation of mammary gland in bitches
Musilová, Lucie ; Rajmon, Radko (advisor) ; Dita, Dita (referee)
Thanks to breeders' and veterinary care, dogs' age is increasing, which results in proportional increase in diseases, including cancer. Mammary gland cancer is the most common oncologic problem in bitches.
Development of neoplasms is affected by endogenous factors (for example hormones), and exogenous factors also (radiation, carcinogenic substances, etc.). These factors cause mutations, which affects the formation of cancer growth.
We divide tumours on true and false ones. False tumours are e.g. cysts. True tumours are either benign or malignant, which create daughter centres called metastasis. Malignant tumours bear worse prognosis than benign tumours. Metastasis and tumours affect inidividual's organism by e.g. negative effect on organ function. Individual can stimulate tumours by e.g. hormone secretion.
Tumour classification is important because of determining the right treatment and prognosis for the future. Classification is divided in three parts: typing, grading, staging. Typing divides tumours into groups by their effect on tissues, or by individual tumours. Grading divides tumour by level of their differentiation. Staging classifies tumours by TNM, where T defines tumour's size, N defines level of lymphatics invasion and M defines metastasis formation.
Mamary gland function is divided in three physiological phases: mammary gland development, lactation and galactopoesis. Mammary gland is probably modified sweat gland. Lactation is affected by hormone prolactin, which supports mammary gland development. Galactopoesis is state, which maintains lactation. It's important to prevent stress in this phase, because stress hormones block oxytocin, so milk ejection isn't coming about.
Effect of hormones also change by estrous cycle phase. In bitch, there are those phases: proestrus, estrus, diestrus and anestrus. Estrous cycle deffects can occur and those deffects can cause so called false pregnancy. This state can result in diseases like pyometra or mastitis.
Etiopathogenesis of mammary tumours is affected by two kind of factors, endogenous and exogenous. Prevention is also important, this includes more quality care and feed. Another important prevention can be adequate exercise and potential sterilisation of the female. If the animal is already ill, then there is important to discuss it with veterinarian and start treatment as soon as possible. Firt method of treatment is surgical, which is divided by mammary gland invasion. Other method is chemotherapy, which is becoming more and more frequent as support treatment method after surgery. Third method is called radiological. It's relatively new type of therapy, but it is, unfortunately, still relatively expensive. Last method is called hormonal. Again, it is used usually as support treatment after surgical removal of the tumour.
There are used many diagnostic methods for clinical evaluation of mammary gland tumours, e.g. cytology, USG, RTG. Prognosis determination and post-surgical care is also important. Main complication is disease recurrence, which is more frequently occuring in malignant tumours than in benign tumours.
Most important is prevention and treatment start as soon as possible after diagnosis assesment. It is appropriate to not to burden breeding bitch with frequent litters, or let veterinarian perform ovariohysterectomy (OHE) on bitch, which is not used for breeding. Ovariohysterectomy reduces probability of development of this disease.It is very important for breeder to regularly check mammary gland by palpation and immediately visit veterinarian with every change or lump.
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Intracellular distribution of hydrogen sulfide releasing enzymes in maturing porcine oocytes
Vondráková, Veronika ; Hošková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The study of the molecular mechanisms regulating reproductive processes is crucial for increasing the efficiency of reproductive biotechnologies that are often used in animal breeding. A key part of many biotechnological methods is the cultivation of oocytes, which simulates natural conditions in the ovaries. However this simulation is still imperfect and presents a limiting factor for successful formation of mammalian oocytes.capable of fertilization.
Meiotic maturation is influenced by many factors including for example gasotransmiter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Until recently, hydrogen sulfide was known only as toxic gas polluting the environment. It was found that the hydrogen sulfide is at low concentrations important signaling molecule with a lot of physiological functions. Hydrogen sulfide is produced by enzymes CBS, CTH and 3-MPST in various tissues of the body, including the reproductive system.
We hypothesised that enzymes responsible for the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide, CBS, CTH and 3-MPST, are present in porcine oocytes and their presence varies during meiotic maturation in cellular organelles. The goal of this study was to prove this hypothesis by cultivating porcine oocytes, detection of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and hydrogen sulfide-releasing enzymes using imunocytochemistry and colocalization analysis.
Our results showed that enzymes releasing hydrogen sulfide, CBS, CTH and 3-MPST, are present in GV porcine oocytes and also in the oocytes matured to the MII stage, after 48 hours in vitro cultivation. We found that the distribution of these enzymes in cellular organelles in oocyte changed during meiotic maturation. There were significant changes in the distribution of enzymes 3-MPST and CBS in the mitochondria, levels of colocalization coefficients for enzyme 3-MPST increased, these coefficients for enzyme CBS decreased during meiotic maturation. In endoplasmic reticulum we found significant changes in the distribution of all three hydrogen sulfide-releasing enzymes. Levels of colocalitazion coefficients for CBS and 3-MPST increased, while levels of these coefficients for enzyme CTH decreased. Results of our experiments on porcine oocytes can help to clarify the role of gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide during meiotic maturaion mammals of oocytes and are highly valueable because their possible application in breeding of farm animals and in human assisted reproduction.
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Hippotherapy impact on patients after spine injuries
Vaisová, Martina ; Doležalová, Jana (advisor) ; Neumann, Cyril (referee)
The aim of this study was to write the most comprehensive and also current literature review on the effect of hippotherapy on to patiens after spine injuries.
The first part is devoted to the anatomy of the human spine. Spine creates the axis of the trunk skeleton and consists of 33 vertebrae. All vertebrae have the same shape and size. They differ according to which part of the spine they are located and how much mobility occurs in this particular segment of the spine. The vertebrae are divided in cervical, which are the most mobile, thoracic, lumbar, cross and coccyx, which grow together in the sacrum.
Spinal cord is the cylinder of nerve tissue contained in the spinal canal. The nerve tissue is comprised of gray and white matter. 31 pairs of spinal nerves arising from combining the front and rear roots come out of the spinal cord. Spinal cord transmits information from the brain to the body.
Subsequently, the study deals with the causes of spinal injuries. We can say that most injuries occurs in traffic accidents or from falls from height. After a spine injury a spinal cord and conducting nerve impulses are not necessarily damaged . However, after spinal cord injury conduction of nerve impulses is breached and spinal lesion arises. If no improvement appears within 24 hours after trauma, patient's condition is unchanging and interrupted conduction is permanent.
If there is no break spinal cord, rehabilitation is carried out mainly by strengthening the spinal column. In the case of spinal cord transection we use rehabilition mainly to improve preserved functions.
Hippotherapy is a method that can be used after a spine or spinal cord injury. It is a method in which the therapist uses the horse's back as an aid for rehabilitation. The horse's back moves in three directions at step: forward, backward, upward, downward and sideways. These movements are transmitted to the client, for which give rise to facilitation of brain function, and we use it in hippotherapy.
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