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The Risks of Working as a Nurse
GENGELOVÁ, Gabriela
The work of nurses in health care is often physically and psychologically demanding. Some inpatient departments have specific labor conditions and from them come risks. Nurses are continuously exposed to the risk of injury, infection, but also stress caused by their work. These labor-related risks can cause disorders on health or cause labor-related diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce workload, stress, psycho-social risks and pay special attention to preventive measures and keep sanitary-epidemiological behavior. This Bachelor thesis called ?Risks of Nurse´s Labor? is divided into two parts. The theoretical part strives to summarize the risks of a nurse?s work focusing on preventive measures related to particular risks. Results of this survey are processed in the research part of this thesis. During the survey I used a quantitative method of data collection ? by using a questionnaire. The research file was created by nurses working in Internal and Neurological departments and a Residential facility for chronically ill patients in the Hospital České Budějovice, a.s. and in the University Hospital in Plzeň. In the Bachelor´s thesis 2 objectives and 3 related hypotheses have been set. The objectives were fulfilled and hypotheses were either verified or rejected. The author was trying to find out what nurses regard as the highest risks in clinically focused workplaces and what preventive measures are applied with respect to perceived risks. From the results come out that nurses regard being stung by an infected needle as the highest risk in the workplace. Preventive measures are applied in a limited scope.
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Risk group of persons with disabilities on the labour market in Prague from 2005 to 2015
Hošková, Laura ; Maule, Petr (advisor) ; Lukášová, Tereza (referee)
The theoretical part of the Bachelor Thesis comprehensively illustrates the status and representation of persons with disabilities (PWD) on the current labour market in the Czech Republic. In a general manner, the Thesis looks at the employment policy as well; especially its legislative basis in the legal framework of the Czech Republic and selected EU countries. Furthermore, the legal obligations of employers of PWD and the possibilities of fulfilling the mandatory share of PWD employment are stated. Findings of two qualitative employment studies are presented showing that PWD enter the labour market equipped with specialized competencies, which they are willing to complete by retraining programmes in case of need. The employers perceive the employment of PWD mainly as a financial profit, granted to them by the state; and the legislative conditions are a sufficient incentive for them. The questionnaire survey pointed out that the weakness in the employment of PWD is the lack of part-time jobs, which are highly demanded among them. Therefore the Thesis presents a solution, which could be the creation of shared work positions.
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Economical aspects of health care services and risks connected with legalization of euthanasia
Stehlíková, Jana ; Kuba, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Matula, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with legalization of active euthanasia, its main impacts for the whole society, potential abuse and some basic concerns of specialist of various profession related to euthanasia. The thesis is focused on the medical, economic, legal and religious point of view of euthanasia and defines crucial approaches of the defenders and defendant of euthanasia. Special emphasis is on the attitude of doctors, whose opinions on legalization of active euthanasia vary. The thesis denies legalization of active euthanasia as a good solution for patients which are incurable ill or dying, calls attention to keeping the right to live in current form and disagrees with the economical argument that euthanasia is cheap and fast solution for complicated situation of the health service.
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Differences between men and women in the Czech labour market
Stroukal, Dominik ; Kadeřábková, Božena (advisor) ; Pavelka, Tomáš (referee) ; Němec, Otakar (referee)
This thesis consists of five articles that apply current world research on labor economics at the Czech Republic and confirms the significant differences between men and women in this market. It shows that gender has a significant influence on the preference on the labor market and, consequently, on employment and health. First, the thesis shows that preferences are relevant determinant of career and then we study the difference in preference of salary for men and women. Subsequently it shows that gender plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between homeownership, and unemployment, as well as unemployment and health. The first chapter was able to demonstrate that the preference for a career has a positive influence on the choice of career. The influence of higher education on prioritizing career proved to be positive and significant. Probability of a career choice is reduced by the presence of children, however, is not dependent on their number, which is contrary to the theory of preferences. The second chapter shows that Czech women prefer more non-monetary rewards than men. It has also been shown that people with university education are same in the preferences of non-monetary rewards regardless of the gender of the respondents, however, compared to the world's research, the Czech higher education increases this preference. It turned out that women prefer risk less than men. The third chapter demonstrates that although the housing market undermines labor mobility and employment in the Czech Republic at the regional level, therefore, that in regions with a higher rate of home ownership is higher unemployment, at the individual level, the owners of housing are unemployed are less likely. The estimates are significantly different for men and women. Men living in owner-occupied housing have a higher likelihood of employment than women. At regional level, however, this thesis shows that the high rate of home ownership increases unemployment for both men and women, in the long run only to women. The fourth chapter showed that men transition to homeownership reduces the likelihood of unemployment next year. For women, this relationship has proved to be insignificant. In addition, as insignificant showed the opposite relationship, the transition from unemployment to the newly acquired home ownership. The last chapter shows that the change in the working status to unemployment will increase in the future probability of worse health. Influence in less than two years, however, proved to be significant. An important conclusion is that men have a significantly stronger relationship between health and unemployment than women.
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The role of ATM in breast cancer
Soukupová, Jana ; Pohlreich, Petr (advisor) ; Souček, Pavel (referee) ; Foretová, Lenka (referee)
Incidence of breast cancer is continuously increasing in the Czech Republic. Tumor development is a result of gene alterations'accumulation, particulary associated with genes involved in regulation of cell growth and division. Hereditary carcinomas account for approximately 5-10% of all breast tumors and in 60-80% cases are caused by a germline mutation in the major predisposition genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Nevertheless, other genes, mostly of lower penetrance, may play a role in breast pathogenesis such as the ATM tumor-suppressor gene. ATM is the apex of the repair pathway of DSB. This protein kinase activates through phosphorylation of its substrates cell cycle checkpoints, which leads either to the delay of the cell cycle progression until DSB are repaired or to the promotion of apoptosis. To sum up, the ATM gene seems to have a role in breast cancer development in a minority of the high-risk families in our population which is significantly lower compared to BRCA1/2 and it also seems to be involved in pathogenesis of sporadic breast cancer. Despite the ATM gene's length, we do not perform the preventive screening of this gene in breast cancer high-risk families. Nevertheless, we offer the molecular diagnostics of ATM to ataxia telangiectasia patients.
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Stress-strain analysis of arterial aneurysms
Tesařová, Petra ; Skácel, Pavel (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the creation of the aneurysm finite element model and the making of the aneurysm wall stess-strain analysis using ANSYS software. The model of abdominal aortic aneurysm geometry starts from the CT scan of the particular patient. In the thesis there are compared two chosen constitutive models, each of them appears from different mechanical tests done on human arterial fibre samples. Furthermore, a limiting condition for aneurysm wall structure damage is expressed. On the basis of the results of stress calculation in the aneurysm wall and the limiting condition, the safety coefficient and rupture factors risk are worked out.
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Identification and elimination of the risk that can endanger nurses during their professional performance
CHARVÁTOVÁ, Lenka
Theoretical background Employment in the health service brings about a number of risks that are specific of respective health facilities and their departments. Nurses should be informed about all possible risks resulting from their nursing practice, as well as about ways to eliminate these risks because this is the only way they can protect themselves and by suitable means and procedures. Performing their work, nurses are exposed to four main areas of risk factors. These concern especially the effects of mental and physical strain, chemicals and biological factors. Objective of my thesis The objective was to test nurses' knowledge of risks and to test how well they can eliminate these risks. Apart from that, the thesis endeavours to find out whether the risks in nurses' work change in relation to the field of care provided. Hypotheses H1 Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice. H2 Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care. H3 The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound caused by a needle. H 4 Nurses are acquainted with manners to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation. Methodology To test nurses' knowledge, I compiled a questionnaire focused on surveying the knowledge in the field of risks and elimination of these risks. The questionnaire was arranged in two basic groups. The first group was focused on the knowledge of risks and occurring injury in the performance of the occupation (the puncture wound by a needle). The other group was focused on the area of eliminating the risks. The research was carried out in medical facilities in the Region of South Bohemia. Altogether, 417 nurses were addressed. The following sections were chosen in a haphazard fashion: pulmonary, surgical, internal and a neurological departments, department of subsequent care and the intensive care unit. All the results obtained were statistically processed in the Excel programme from the Microsoft Office software packet. I used a graphic depiction to interpret the outcomes. Outcomes It was found out in the first area of the outcomes that nurses are acquainted with the risks of their occupation (knowledge of risk behaviour, when handling loads, when working with chemicals, when handling oxygen cylinders, treating an aggressive client). The second area of the outcomes was essential for establishing the ways to eliminate risks (the nurses proved knowledge of risks and duties, the duty to participate in creating a safe environment , compulsory preventive medical examinations, knowledge of risk behaviour, using personal protective equipment, observing the work principles and procedures, knowledge of treating contaminated laundry, oxygen cylinders and immobile clients, disinfection of hands, treating an aggressive client). The third area yielded an answer to the question whether puncture wounds caused by needles ranked among the most frequent risks in the occupation of the nurse. The last area was essential to establish the variability of risks depending on the field of care provided. It was found out, that risks varied in relation to the field of care provided, while the nurses viewed the mental and physical strain as the most significant risk in the performance of their work. H1 - Nurses know the risks resulting from their nursing practice - was confirmed, H2 - Risks in nurses' work vary in relation to the field of care provided - was confirmed, H3 - The most common risk occurring in nurses' occupation is the puncture wound by a needle - was confirmed, H4 - Nurses know ways to eliminate risks resulting from the performance of their occupation - was confirmed. Conclusion The outcomes of the research realized will be given to the managements of the above medical facilities, with the aim of increasing the nurses' knowledge of possible risks occurring in the performance of their work, as well as possible ways of eliminating these risks.
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Problems of renal tumours in patiens with terminal stadium of renal failure
Ürge, Tomáš ; Hora, Milan (advisor) ; Novák, Jaroslav (referee) ; Zachoval, Roman (referee) ; Morávek, Petr (referee)
Objective: Risk of renal carcinoma is minimal 10 x higher in group of patients in terminal stadium of renal failure (end stage kidney disease - ESKD). We have only some information about chromosomal changes in renal tubules, from which rise renal carcinoma, and about pathogenesis of renal carcinoma, which seems to be different from carcinoma in common population. Aim of the study: In clinical part we valorize characteristic signs of renal carcinoma in ESKD by using of statistic methods. In experimental part we can explain pathogenesis of this carcinoma by analysis of selective chromosomal aberations. Material, methods: In 2000 - 2007 were 184 patients with ESKD in care of transplant centre and nephrologic ambulation of Faculty hospital Plze_. In 15 patients we diagnose renal carcinoma. In this group we valorize: age, gender, causation of renal failure and dialysis duration. Age, gender and type of renal carcinoma we confront with carcinoma in common population. In experimental part we valorize numerical aberations in chromosome 7, 17 and Y of tubular epithelium using fluorescent hybridization in situ (FISH). Results: We have 15 patients in average age 55.7 ± 11.5 years, long of during dialyzation was 78 ± 54 months. We do not find dependence between causation of renal failure and genesis of renal...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Štulc, Tomáš ; Češka, Richard (advisor) ; Vaverková, Helena (referee) ; Mareš, Jan (referee)
Lipid lowering treatment substantially reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The effects of lipid lowering go far beyond limiting the extent of atheroslcerotic lesions and decreasing the severity of atherosclerotic stenoses. Recently recognised effects of cholesterol on plaque stability, endothelial function, thrombosis, and plaque inflammation have been subject to intensive research during the past two decades. The effect lipid lowering treatment on the various aspects of the plaque development are being investigated in search of novel therapies to reduce the risk of ahterosclerosis. In this work, we examined cell adhesion molecules, microvascular reactivity and metalloproteinase PAPP-A in patients with hypercholesterolemia and investigated the effect of lipid lowering with atorvastatin and LDL-apheresis. Leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules mediate leukocyte recruitment into subendothelial space, contributing thus to plaque inflammation. PAPP-A is a protease which has been related to plaque instability and acute coronary events; it's role in stable atherosclerotic lesions hasn't been studied yet Microvascular reactivity is supposed to reflect endothelial function in the microvascular bed; the knowledge of the effect of hyperlipidemia on microvasculature is currently limited. Patients with...
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Analýza dat týkajících se risku sebevraždy u mentálně nemocných
Hron, Jiří ; Rauch, Jan (advisor) ; Malá, Ivana (referee)
The three goals of this thesis are to present a coherent overview of the research on suicide in both the general population and among mentally ill, to analyse records of hospitalisations of mentally ill from years 2006 to 2012 while looking for patterns either leading to identification of suicide risk factors or useful for predicting probability of suicide at the time of discharge, and finally to compare a selected subset of statistical, data mining and machine learning methods in relation to their applicability to the second goal. The overview is based on information from over 40 published articles. The analysis and the comparison make use of associative rules mining, visual and stepwise methods for exploration, standard and conditional logistic regression models for inference, and variations of random forests for prediction. To the best of author's knowledge, none of the three goals was previously pursued by any other researcher in the Czech Republic, certainly not using the data set provided for purposes of this thesis. A new modification of random forest combined with a set of logistic regression in order to refine prediction accuracy is also briefly explored. The structure closely follows the above--stated goals starting from the chapters on related work and on the theoretical basis of the methods used, and concluding by the analysis itself and discussion of its results.
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