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Prevention of Health Disorders of Nursing Staff Caused by Physically Demanding Work in Two In-patient Departments of Follow-up Medical Care, Clinic A (DFMC-A), Hospital in České Budějovice
PAVLOVÁ, Martina
Nursing staff in the departments of follow-up medical care is exposed to an extremely high mental pressure and physical burden. Permanent unavoidable handling immobile clients make nurses walk 11.5 kilometres and spend 96 minutes standing forward bend every day (10) which can mostly lead to health injuries, especially disorders of locomotive organs. Frequent contacts with elderly, unbalanced or agressive clients and taking care of dying people affect mental well-being od nursing staff. That all can cause stress, anxiety, exhaustion or even burnout. The aim of this work has been to find out the most common health disorders of DFMC-A nursing staff and their knowledge of the prevention of health disorders caused by physically demanding work. In addition, technical aids which help nurses handle the clients were monitored. Finally I have suggested preventive measures to prevent nurses´ health disorders caused by their physically demanding work. . I used one of the quantitative research methods, the questionnaire. It was given to nursing staff of three departments, two DFMC-A,B, neurological and urological departments of the hospital in České Budějovice. The research resulted into the following hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 assuming that ``nursing staff is not prevented sufficiently from health disorders caused by physically demanding work`` was proved. Hypothesis 2 that ``ageing process increases the health disorders`` was not proved. Hypothesis 3 that ``health disorders are also caused by shortage of the staff `` was proved. Hypothesis 4 that ``nursing staff are informed enough to prevent health disorders caused by their physically demanding work`` was proved. The findings of my work can be presented to the heads or deputies of the hospital departments. They are to be persuaded about necessary changes in unsufficient number of nurses and a small range of technical aids in the departments. That can improve both work conditions of nurses and clients´ care in our republic.
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Nursing care as provided to ante finem patients
JANSOVÁ, Markéta
The subject of death and dying is still considered a taboo in our society. It is awkward and anachronistic since our times require people full of life and vigor. The terminally ill are often snubbed by the society. Though being well aware of the unfavorable prognosis, many a doctor tries to treat the patients to the very last moment, and he or she perceives the death as a personal defeat. In 1967 Cicely Saunders, an English doctor familiar with the dismal conditions of dying in the then society, founded in London the St. Christopher's Hospice, the first modern facility of this kind. The philosophy of this effort has been perpetuated in the Hospice of the Agnes of Bohemia established in 1995 as the first hospice in the Czech Republic. The Bachelor Paper aimed to assess the possibilities of providing the ante finem care by health-care personnel at a hospital and a hospice. The Paper investigated these hypotheses: H1 - Health-care workers provide the ante finem patients with health care in conformity to the standards applicable to both types of the facilities; H2 - Approach of the personnel to the care is dependent on their emotional stability; H3 - Health-care personnel in hospitals are not aware that the art of accompanying is a part of the nursing process. The surveyed sample was compiled of nurses on the staff of the Internal Medicine Ward and the Post-Treatment Ward of hospitals in České Budějovice, Jihlava and Třebíč and the hospices in Prachatice, Červený Kostelec and Brno. The data were gathered through a questionnaire. Altogether 170 questionnaires were distributed and 136 out of them were processed in the final assessment. As follows from the assessment results, the care provided to the terminally ill patients in hospitals is affected primarily by time pressures and by the fact that the nursing staff are not fully aware of the possibilities that palliative care offers, while in hospices the conditions available for the palliative care have a quality basis. Results of the Paper will be given to one of the hospitals and two hospices specified above, where they can inspire some new ideas about possible improvement in providing the palliative care.
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The quality of life of patients after liver transplantation
Smetanová, Pavlína ; Schneiderová, Michaela (advisor) ; Machalová, Iva (referee) ; Wasyliwová, Vlasta (referee)
The thesis deals with the quality of life of patients after liver transplantation. The theoretical part introduces the concepts of quality of life and liver transplantation. It focuses on issues of use of the concept of quality of life, transplantology pitfalls and practical procedures for the care of patients before liver transplantation and afterwards. Point is the empirical part, which is compiled on the basis of quantitative analysis of processed using a standardized questionnaire SF 36, which took place during the month of January to March 2010. Surveyed a sample of respondents are patiens after the first liver transplant in 2002, 2003, 2004, followed by ambulatory monitoring in IKEM. The goal is to evaluate the development of quality of life among respondents who underwent liver transplantation, then after one year and five years after its implementation.
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Education patient on oral anticoagulant therapy warfarin
Menoušková, Jana ; Schneiderová, Michaela (advisor) ; Nečasová, Andrea (referee) ; Wasyliwová, Vlasta (referee)
Bachelor thesis focuses on the education of patients with oral anticoagulation therapy with Warfarin. In its theoretical part discusses the two main objectives. The aim of the first part of this work is to provide information on education, guidelines and terms of education, but also the specifics of education of patients treated with Warfarin in cardiology clinic. The second goal is to provide comprehensive information on anti-coagulant drugs - Warfarin. Focus of this work consists of empirical research based on quantitative survey with standardized questionnaire methods, mapping knowledge and information of patients treated with anticoagulant drug Warfarin. The sample of respondents consists of 50 81 patients followed up in cardiology clinic in Velke Mezirici. In the period from November 2009 to February 2010. The outcome of this work is based on observed results from the questionnaire design educational theory hours for patients initiating therapy with Warfarin and a proposal for an information brochure.
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Computer Generated Holograms
Tvarog, Drahoslav ; Jákl, Petr (referee) ; Kotačka, Libor (advisor)
The presented Diploma thesis deals with the computer-generated diffractive structures or rather called computer generated holograms (CGH). We follow basic principles of classical holography and in the context of which we define a synthetic holography. We then show various types of digital holograms and methods of measurement of their quality. We deal with several iterative algorithms useful for computation of the Fourier transform as well as with methods of phase quantization. In the second part of the work, we describe briefly our computer code for iterative Fourier transform computation. With respect to the mentioned techniques, we further present the usability of the method for design of computer generated holograms in reflection regime. After a short introduction to the electron beam lithography and its exploitation for the origination of computer generated diffractive optical elements. We analyze reconstructions of produced holograms and evaluate its quality.
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Archives and documentation of performance art: at the intersection between history and myth.
Písaříková, Jana ; Šedivá, Barbora (referee) ; Havlík, Vladimír (referee) ; Horáková, Jana (referee) ; Ruller, Tomáš (advisor)
The PhD thesis deals with the role of archives in the contemporary artistic and curatorial practice, with an emphasis on the performance art. It also analyses the creation process, methodology and the contents of selected personal and institutional archives in both Czech and international contexts. The objective of the paper is to answer the following questions: In what way is the documentation and subsequent archiving of process-oriented forms of art performed? How is the history of the contemporary art formed and interpreted through these archives and with the help of the artistic and curatorial practice? To what extent are we able to reconstruct the history from records and performance documents that are only fragmented, thus making a reference to a real action? Do the archives leave some room for misinterpretation, creating a myth or personality cult through its system of classification of knowledge? How indeed is the performance art related to its own history; how is this history perceived by the performer alone; and how is it approached by the professional audience? The paper will also include the analysis of current state and possible solutions to the operation of the archive of the Faculty of Fine Arts, which is related to opening a dialogue among artists, theorists and institutions that might be interested in better accessibility of such an archive.
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Analýza dat týkajících se risku sebevraždy u mentálně nemocných
Hron, Jiří ; Rauch, Jan (advisor) ; Malá, Ivana (referee)
The three goals of this thesis are to present a coherent overview of the research on suicide in both the general population and among mentally ill, to analyse records of hospitalisations of mentally ill from years 2006 to 2012 while looking for patterns either leading to identification of suicide risk factors or useful for predicting probability of suicide at the time of discharge, and finally to compare a selected subset of statistical, data mining and machine learning methods in relation to their applicability to the second goal. The overview is based on information from over 40 published articles. The analysis and the comparison make use of associative rules mining, visual and stepwise methods for exploration, standard and conditional logistic regression models for inference, and variations of random forests for prediction. To the best of author's knowledge, none of the three goals was previously pursued by any other researcher in the Czech Republic, certainly not using the data set provided for purposes of this thesis. A new modification of random forest combined with a set of logistic regression in order to refine prediction accuracy is also briefly explored. The structure closely follows the above--stated goals starting from the chapters on related work and on the theoretical basis of the methods used, and concluding by the analysis itself and discussion of its results.
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The Role of a Nurse in Care of a Patient with Mononucleosis
LAŽANSKÁ, Soňa
Theoretical background Infectious mononucleosis belongs to relatively widespread viral infectious diseases in the Czech Republic. Epstein-Baar virus (EBV) participates in occurrence of the infection by 80 %, infectious mononucleosis may more rarely be caused by cytomegalovirus. Each individual factually suffers from infection caused by EBV during his/her life, however its course is unapparent in most cases. An affected individual or an individual not affected, who is a virus carrier may be considered the source of the infection. Infectious mononucleosis usually affects children and teenagers, in older individuals the infection is quite rare. The disease might start rapidly or gradually with prodromes like headache, sore throat, nausea, fatigue and perspiration. Infectious mononucleosis is often confused with other diseases like e.g. tonsillitis, or more serious progress of flue, particularly for the symptoms accompanying the disease. Fever, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are the most frequent symptoms. The disease may also cause numerous unpleasant complications, particularly hematologic, neurologic, cardio-pulmonary and autoimmunity complications. A nurse plays a very substantial role in client care. It is very important for a nurse to have sufficient knowledge and to know the right procedure of all interventions he/she meets within diagnostics and treatment of infectious mononucleosis. These are particularly biological material collection, per os administration or intravenous administration of medicines. A nurse should also be familiar with the Priessnitz compress application technique. In non-self-sufficient clients a nurse is also responsible for client's hygiene. A nurse has an important role in client education providing information on dietetic measures. A nurse has to lead a client to adherence to the prescribed diet and body calm. Everything depends on client's current condition. A client should also avoid mental strain during convalescence. We should note that not all forms of infectious mononucleosis require hospitalization. The aim of the thesis The aim of the thesis was to find out the role of nurses in the care of patients with infectious mononucleosis and also to find how satisfied patients with the nursing care and education are after going through mononucleosis. This was why the following research questions were chosen: What is the role of a nurse in care of a patient with mononucleosis? How satisfied are patients with the nursing care after going through mononucleosis? How satisfied are patients with education in diet regime adherence after going through mononucleosis? Applied Methods Qualitative research was chosen for finding out the required information. The information was gained by means of deep interviews with nurses working at the infectious department of České Budějovice Hospital and with clients after going through infectious mononucleosis. All the interviews were recorded on a voice recorder and then transcribed. The transcribed interviews were subject to detailed analysis by the paper and pencil method with open coding. Results Six categories were set upon analysis of the interviews with nurses: Awareness of the infectious mononucleosis disease among nurses, Nursing care of a client with infectious mononucleosis, Regime measures, Information on dietetic measures, Recommendations after infectious mononucleosis and Education of a client with infectious mononucleosis. Five categories were set upon detailed analysis of the interviews with the clients: Recommended treatment, Nursing care, Recommended measures, Methods of information communication and Information sources for clients. Subcategories, in which the key data are coded, are assigned to the individual categories.
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Nursing care of the operation area before and after the operation
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Michaela
Theoretical outcomes The preparation of the operating field is an important part of all preoperative preparation. Preoperative preparation, before surgical intervention, cannot be neglected. In most cases, the doctor will not perform an operation without proper preoperative preparation. The only exception is urgent surgical intervention for which only the most basic preoperative preparation is provided. Preoperative preparation can be categorized as long-term, short-term, or immediate. A thorough and proper preparation of the operating field reduces any development of postoperative wound complications. The aim of thorough preoperative preparation of the operating field is to reduce any risk of developing postoperative wound complications. Postoperative care prevents postoperative complications. It is aimed at controlling the state of a patient's current health after surgical intervention, but also the surgical wound and its dressing. Both nurses and doctors are obliged to perform these controls. In the early postoperative period, the client stays in the ward or in the postoperative room. In the case of arising complications during surgical intervention, the client is moved to the ICU/ARO. The Aims of the Thesis The aim of the thesis is to map the differences in preoperative preparation of the operating field among surgery departments, and to find the differences between preparation in the operating field before a scheduled and an urgent surgical intervention. Furthermore, the aim is to find out if nurses perform preoperative and postoperative care properly. The following questions were chosen: What are the differences in preoperative preparation of the operating field among surgery departments? How do nurses perform preoperative and postoperative care of the operating field? Implemented methods In order to gain the desired information, a qualitative form of research was chosen, namely an in-depth interview method, a method of questioning, and an observational method. Observation was implemented using the hidden observation method. The respondents in the research were the nurses from the urology and the surgery departments at a hospital in Vysočina. Data collection was conducted from February to March, 2014. The acquired data was then analyzed through an open coding method. Results The subsequently transcribed interviews and observations were carefully analyzed using the 'pencil & paper' method and open coding. Eventually, five categories were created: preoperative preparation before a scheduled surgical intervention, preoperative preparation before an acute or urgent surgical intervention, preparation of the operating field, postoperative wound care, medical documentation. Conclusion The research suggests that nurses are well aware of the complete preoperative and postoperative care. What is, however, surprising is how adherence to the principles of barrier care and the client's intimity vary in the course of providing this care.The conclusions in this thesis should aim at an improvement of preoperative and postoperative care of a client and to eliminate any discovered shortcomings in the provided nursing care. The practical outcome of this thesis will be an article in a professional magazine for nurses.
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