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Empirical analysis of Okun’s law in Iceland
Zajíček, Zdeněk ; Slaný, Martin (advisor) ; Chytilová, Helena (referee)
This thesis deals with empirical analysis of Okuns law in Iceland. Okuns hypothesis of negative relationship between real GDP and the rate of unemployment is being tested on two models, difference and gap, using OLS estimation. Also there are two filtration methods used (Hodrick-Prescott and Baxter-King) for gap model estimation. The results of all models showed weak relationship of variables, but proved the hypothesis. In the following part, the same procedure is being used on Finlands data, to get comparison of coefficients. Results for Finland showed weaker bond of variables than in Iceland, but the Okuns hypothesis still holds. Last part is focused on finding the sensitivity of rate of unemployment to changes in added value of each economical sector in Iceland using the production approach model. This model gave inconclusive results due to insufficient data available.
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Differences between men and women in the Czech labour market
Stroukal, Dominik ; Kadeřábková, Božena (advisor) ; Pavelka, Tomáš (referee) ; Němec, Otakar (referee)
This thesis consists of five articles that apply current world research on labor economics at the Czech Republic and confirms the significant differences between men and women in this market. It shows that gender has a significant influence on the preference on the labor market and, consequently, on employment and health. First, the thesis shows that preferences are relevant determinant of career and then we study the difference in preference of salary for men and women. Subsequently it shows that gender plays a significant role in explaining the relationship between homeownership, and unemployment, as well as unemployment and health. The first chapter was able to demonstrate that the preference for a career has a positive influence on the choice of career. The influence of higher education on prioritizing career proved to be positive and significant. Probability of a career choice is reduced by the presence of children, however, is not dependent on their number, which is contrary to the theory of preferences. The second chapter shows that Czech women prefer more non-monetary rewards than men. It has also been shown that people with university education are same in the preferences of non-monetary rewards regardless of the gender of the respondents, however, compared to the world's research, the Czech higher education increases this preference. It turned out that women prefer risk less than men. The third chapter demonstrates that although the housing market undermines labor mobility and employment in the Czech Republic at the regional level, therefore, that in regions with a higher rate of home ownership is higher unemployment, at the individual level, the owners of housing are unemployed are less likely. The estimates are significantly different for men and women. Men living in owner-occupied housing have a higher likelihood of employment than women. At regional level, however, this thesis shows that the high rate of home ownership increases unemployment for both men and women, in the long run only to women. The fourth chapter showed that men transition to homeownership reduces the likelihood of unemployment next year. For women, this relationship has proved to be insignificant. In addition, as insignificant showed the opposite relationship, the transition from unemployment to the newly acquired home ownership. The last chapter shows that the change in the working status to unemployment will increase in the future probability of worse health. Influence in less than two years, however, proved to be significant. An important conclusion is that men have a significantly stronger relationship between health and unemployment than women.
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Support for Unemployed People Aged Under 30 Years at Entry to the Labor Market
ŠABARTOVÁ, Alžběta
The Bachelor Thesis deals with the problems of unemployment benefits for people at the age up to 30 when entering the employment market. Unemployment is currently one of the serious problems in the world. The reduction in the number of unemployed people is one of the political priorities. The meaning of work as a job is taking an irreplaceable position for the life within our culture. Job loss has a considerable influence on social as well as personal life of an individual. The age is playing a significant role when seeking a job. Especially the time connected with the beginning of the career. School leavers who apply for their first job are concerned. They have no working experience, no practice, and they have so far had no possibility to acquire the basic work habits. A disharmony between zero experience and excessive earnings demands belongs to other root causes of the lack of interest in giving work opportunity to school leavers. Employment Office plays an irreplaceable role for the mediation of job and the consultancy. To solve unemployment within each target group, active and passive labour policies are available. The situation of the specific target group is stimulated especially through single programs and projects. The theoretical part pays attention to the definition and objectification of the unemployment-related terms and the analysis of labour market in Ceske Budejovice. Observations of a number of authors who are dealing with these problems and the related issues are summarized herein. The empirical part is formed by observations from own investigation. Two job-related targets have been set. The first target is to analyse the ideas the young people aged up to thirty, living in the district of Ceske Budejovice, have of their employment. The other target is to analyse the employers´ ideas of giving work to school leavers and young people. In order to fulfil the above targets, two investigative questions have been put: 1: Young peoples´ ideas of earning possibilities are unrealistic. 2: Employers find the European Social Fund helpful in giving work to young people. For the purpose of answering the investigative questions a qualitative research method, namely a case study the study of a few cases was selected. Interviewing was chosen as the most suitable method of data gathering. Initially, ten participants aged up to thirty were interviewed. At the time of interviewing, all of the participants were registered at the Employment Office in Ceske Budejovice and were taking part in a retraining scheme arranged by the Employment Office. When talking with young people I found that their gross commencing salary is expected to amount to approx. 16 200 CZK. The other selective group comprised five employers in Ceske Budejovice. It emerged from the interviews that one of the companies does not utilize the programs and projects announced by the European Social Fund at all. Two of the companies complain about excessive administration. One of the employers must always carefully consider its ability to satisfy the involvement conditions. Some negative feelings also appeared about the frequent changing the blank forms, a low number of announced projects for a particular business branch. The programs being related to deepening knowledge and staff training were most appreciated. The results of the Thesis will give the Employment Office a feedback on the utilization of the European Social Fund by employers and will help in adjusting the conditions for further projects being prepared.
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Active employment policy in selected region
Čihák, Pavel ; Šrédl, Karel (advisor) ; Markéta, Markéta (referee)
The thesis considers unemployment and a possibility of increasing employment in the Central Bohemian Region using the active employment policy. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to theoretical basis gained from professional literature and internet resources about labor market, types of unemployment depending on the cause of its origin, risky groups of unemployed people, social and economic consequences of unemployment and about an analysis of actions of the active employment policy. Furthermore, there is described the Central Bohemian Region and its strong and weak aspects. We can look at the evaluation of employment and unemployment made by a study, status reports of the labor market and processing of statistical indicators in Central Bohemian Region. We can also peek at regional individual projects realized on the territory of Central Bohemian Region in 2015. The last part of this thesis is focused on some possibilities of more effective use of actions of the active employment policy in the region.
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Analysis of the Greece Economy in Comparison with the Czech Republic
Pláničková, Jitka ; Svoboda, Roman (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis assesses the economic situation of Greece and its comparison with economic of the Czech Republic. Thesis analyses the development of macroeconomic indicators in Greece and Czech Republic and for better understanding, in selected countries of the European Union.
In the theoretical part, thesis describes the individual indicators and provides information about how are the indicators measured. The analytical part deals with the Greece economy in comparison with economy of Czech Republic. The assessed period is from the year 2003 to 2015. For the comparative part of this diploma thesis, macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, inflation, unemployment, balance of trade, were used. For better view, comparison of both countries in particular indicator is followed by description of the situation for selected countries of European Union.
In the final part of the thesis, a conclusion is assessed using results from individual subchapters. Thesis concludes similarities and differences between compared countries based on development of selected indicators and country ratings.
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Analysis of labour market in selected region
Zuzánková, Eva ; Svatošová, Libuše (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
My thesis describes the analysis of the Labor Market in Liberec Region. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts of labour market, the unemployment and the state employment policy. Second part of my thesis contains my own analysis which describes the basic characteristic of Liberec Region and also it contains my own research of employment and unemployment. Within the framework of employment analysis is analyzed the total employment, structure of employees in light of age, education and sphere. Furthermore, there are analyzed the significant employers in Liberec Region. The employment is analyzed based on the unemployment indicator, the proportion of the unemployed, the total number of job seekers and total number of job vacancy. The unemployment rate indicator is applied as prognosis for year 2015. This thesis also contains the characteristic of selected problematic groups of people in Labor Market and also problematic areas in Liberec Region. The final part of my thesis contains the description of the state active employment policy and it contains suggested potential solutions to improve the situation in the Labor Market in Liberec Region.
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Labour market analysis in the selected region
Tomešová, Adéla ; Svatošová, Libuše (advisor) ; Kristina, Kristina (referee)
My thesis is focused on the analysis of labour market in Královéhradecký region. It describes the tendency evolution of the labour market and its structure from the point of view of employment and unemployment index, significant employers and risky groups.
The evolution evaluation is determined by elementary characteristics of time series. Further,
a future evolution of unemployment prognosis is presented. The thesis also contains
a description of projects supporting employment that have been launched in selected regions. Finally, the work summarizes the results found concerning the evolution of the labour market in Královéhradecký region.
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Knowledge economy and education in Czech Republic
Vojtěchová, Veronika ; Šrédl, Karel (advisor) ; Otakar, Otakar (referee)
Human capital and level of the education are essential components of the enterprise competitiveness and economic development. The positive perception is very important for the development of human capital. Contemporary society requires to companies care about their employees and their further education. These investments should return in the form of higher motivation, better productivity, increased use of knowledges and greater willingness to participate in innovations. Education helps reduce social differences, prevent unemployment and other negative things. The thesis deals with the issue of the knowledge economy, human resource and the impact of the education on unemployment. The first part is focused on theoretical knowledge which are knowledge economy, human resources, education system of the Czech Republic and labour market. The second part is focused on the analytical indicator of education. Indicators compares Czech Republic with other OECD countries in terms of unemployment and human resources. The conclusion of thesis is devoted to a summary and evaluation of the analytical part of the thesis.
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Economic impacts of employment in the Karlovy Vary Region
Pulíková, Eva ; Toth, Daniel (advisor) ; Helena, Helena (referee)
This Thesis Economic Impacts of employment in the Karlovy Vary region is engaged in the development and current state of unemployment in the Karlovy Vary region in economic terms. The first theoretical part includes basic concepts of unemployment and employment policy. The second part describe only the unemployment rate but using the obtained empirical economic, demographic and other data and processing is looking for causes, context and consequences. Evaluates the status of the region in the Czech Republic, looking for potential opportunities the region, taking into account its historical development and current situation of their businesses with the requirements, structure and quality of secondary and tertiary education. While continually portrays long-term economic impacts of inadequate and haphazard approach republican institutions, municipalities and other entities for the practical development of employment in the Karlovy Vary region.
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