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Výzkum pro hospodaření s odpady v rámci ochrany životního prostředí a udržitelného rozvoje (prevence a minimalizace vzniku odpadů a jejich hodnocení): Sledování toků odpadů ve vazbě na nebezpečné vlastnosti
Výzkumný ústav vodohospodářský T.G. Masaryka, v.v.i., Praha ; Vejnar, Pavel
Nakládání s vybranými druhy nebezpečných odpadů od jejich vzniku u původce pro jejich konečné využití nebo odstranění. Bylo ověřeno nakládání s devíti vybranými čísly odpadů v ČR. Zdrojem dat byl Informační systém odpadového hospodářství (ISOH). Jedná se o hydroxid vápenatý, alkalické mořící roztoky, jiné motorové, převodové a mazací oleje, směsi betonu, cihel, tašek a keramických odpadů, odpady, na jejichž sběr a odstraňování jsou kladeny zvláštní požadavky s ohledem na prevenci infekce, kaly z fyzikálně chemického zpracování obsahující nebezpečné látky, prach ze spalin obsahující nebezpečné látky, zemina a kamení obsahující nebezpečné látky, izolační materiál s obsahem azbestu.
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Hodnocení stavu životního prostředí: Monitoring cizorodých látek v potravních řetězcích: Zajištění systému kontroly jakosti (správné laboratorní praxe). Monitoring vybraných cizorodých látek ve vybraných složkách
Česká zemědělská a potravinářská inspekce, Praha ; Český ekologický ústav, Praha ; Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, Praha ; Suchánek, Miloslav ; Volka, Karel
V první zprávě je navržen systém auditu a validace správné laboratorní praxe v síti monitorovacích laboratoří. Je připraven návrh na vznik Národní referenční laboratoře pro metody monitorování životního prostředí a pro systém správné laboratorní praxe. Druhá zpráva přináší výsledky monitorování kontaminace těžkými kovy (kadmium, olovo, rtuť, zinek, měď, nikl, arsen), polychlorovanými bifenyly, organochlorovými pesticidy a polyaromatickými uhlovodíky ve 22 vybraných lokalitách a jejich interpretaci.
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Seasonal dynamics of selected blood parametres of selected flesh breeds of sheep bred in foothills conditions
ŽÁČKOVÁ, Klára
Sheep breeding is nowadays a developing branch of agriculture again. There is a lot of different breed and they react distinctly on the same conditions of the enviroment. Sheep of breeds charollais, suffolk, šumavská ovce and valaška bred in similar conditions were observed in spring and autumn of years 2007 and 2008. In these seasons were taking blood samples (from {$\pm$}7{--}24) ewes and lambs and were analyzed in hematology laboratory. There were determined haemoglobin level, haematocrit indicator, erytrocytes and leucocytes levels, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides levels, urea and plasmatic proteins, activity of ALP and GMT enzymes, phosphor, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper levels. The main objective of this project was determine seasonal changes in observed parametres. Next objectives were determine different changes in blood parametres in different breeds and different aimes of breeds. There were recognized that all the observed breeds don`t react the same way on similar conditions. There were not provably determined seasonal changes in observed parametres, but average Hb level was higher in autumn than in spring. Urea level was conversely higher in spring season than in autumn. The demostrable fact is, that the similar conditions induce different answers not only in different breeds but also in different aimes of breeds.
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The ecological aspect emanation of zinc and copper in the cattle
JURKOVÁ, Petra
The objective of my diploma thesis was to determine the ecological impact of zinc and copper on the dairy and beef cattle breeding in the South-West Bohemia region at the farms located in the Šumava Protected Landscape Area, at the elevation from 750 m to 1070 m. The research included 4 cattle breeding farms, Posobice and Nemilkov {--} dairy cattle, and Hartmanice, Keple {--} beef cattle. In my thesis, I first evaluate the importance of zinc and copper as important mineral matters and their overall influence of the cattle organism. Furthermore, I evaluate their manifestations when these matters are lacking or in surplus in the organism. The final part of the thesis comprises two areas of findings. The first part focuses on the total intake in feed and mineral additives, the level of their content in blood plasma and their quantity excreted by cattle in the individual dairy and beef cattle breeding farms specified above. The second part researches the release of zinc and copper to the environment.
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The evaluation of horse nutrition with chosen preparats in sommer and winter season
HANETŠLÉGROVÁ, Petra
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to provide a detailed breakdown of horse nutrition, to mention the importance of dietary supplements. The main part deals with the basics of horse nutrition, the bare necessities of nutrients, the proportion of maintenance rations and the technique of feeding. Afterwards, I outline the properties and effects of varied herbal plants such as garlic, hemp, hyssop, white horehound, coltsfoot and oats. Flaxseed, biotin, zinc, yeast and probiotics are dietary supplements improving the quality of fur, horsehair and hoofs. The feed will be analysed by standard methods. As far as horse excrement is concerned, we are going to observe its shape, colour, consistency, pH value and smell. The assessment of horse excrement will serve as a judgement about the activity of digestive system. The ethology observations will provide information on daily activity of a horse, on particular activities, to which the horse gives its attention during a day, and the amount of time it dedicates to them. As far as horses with respiratory disorders are concerned, we will observe the signs of their health problems and the rate of these problems occurring both at rest and in action. The information will be completed by the measurement of body proportions useful to body weight calculation. The statistical and economic methods will be selected in terms of the results accomplished during the research.
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Interactions of Zn2+ ions with proteins and nucleic acids
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
Interaction of Zn2+ ions with proteins and nucleic acids Zinc is an important metal in biological systems. It is a strong Lewis acid, forms a stable Zn2+ ion and can exist in several coordination geometries. Zinc is required for the activity of more than 300 enzymes. In proteins zinc can either participate directly in chemical catalysis or can be important for maintaining protein structure and stability. In this work a dataset of high quality (resolution better than 3 Ǻ) crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank on internet have been examined to identify typical zinc binding sites and to establish their coordination geometries. Totally 135 zinc binding sites found in 74 structures have been analyzed. The most frequent coordinating atoms are sulphur in cystein, NE2 and ND1 nitrogens in histidine followed by oxygen atoms in carboxylates of aspartic and glutamic acids. 67% of zinc binding sites were found to be four-coordinated with tetrahedral coordination geometry. In contrast Mg2+ cations show a clear preference to bind to oxygen atoms and to form octahedral cavities. We have not found any structure with a direct zinc coordination to DNA except the 1ZQT structure which was however excluded due to its low resolution (> 3 {\AA}). Similarly only three zinc binding sites have been found in RNA structures which were however determined in the protein free environment. All other zinc binding sites have been located in proteins even in the presence of the nucleic acids.
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Changes in cytokinin contents and metabolism in spinach in response to zinc excess in soil
Žižková, E. ; Gajdošová, Silvia ; Pavlíková, D. ; Pavlík, Milan ; Száková, J. ; Motyka, Václav
Changes in endogenous cytokinin (CK) contents and metabolism in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) responding to excessive amounts of zinc in soil were studied. Application of three zinc rates in soil (250, 500, 750 mg.kg-1) resulted in a progressive (1.7- to 3.3-times) increase of endogenous CKs in spinach leaves. This increase was predominantly due to accumulation of inactive and storage CK forms (N- and O-glucosides) and was accompanied with an enhanced activity of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), the key CK degradative enzyme, especially on the highest zinc rate (750 mg.kg-1 soil). On this rate, maximum endogenous CK concentrations in both control and stressed plants were found at the first and the last samplings, i.e. in the course of very young leaf development and just before or during flowering. The CKX activity of stressed plants exceeded that of controls during the whole development and reached the maxima at the last sampling of treated plants.
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Heterodifúze 65Zn v binárních slitinách Mg - x Al av komerční slitině AZ91
Čermák, Jiří ; Stloukal, Ivo
Bulk diffusion coefficient of Zn, D, in Mg – x Al model alloys (x = 0, 1.8, 3.9 and 9 at. %), in commercial alloy AZ91 and in intermetallic compound Mg17Al12 intermetallic was measured by residual activity and serial sectioning methods. Composition dependence of D was obtained, that shows a slight increase of D with increasing Al concentration. Measurements were done at several diffusion temperatures, which enabled to evaluate the pre-exponential factor and the activation enthalpy of Zn diffusion.
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Difúze 65Zn ve dvoufázové eutektické slitině Mg - 33 wt.% Al
Čermák, Jiří ; Stloukal, Ivo
Diffusion of zinc in a two-phase eutectic alloy Mg – 33 wt.% Al and in its components, Mg – Al solid solution and in the intermetallic compound Mg17Al12, was studied. The measurement of Zn diffusion coefficient was carried out by radiotracer technique in temperature interval 498 – 848 K. Zinc is believed to simulate the migration behavior of magnesium. It was observed that the interphase boundaries do not act as short-circuit paths. The study of the stability of the eutectic structure enabled to estimate the mean specific energy of the (Mg)/ Mg17A12 phase interface.
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