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Transformation of functions and meanings of ways of the cross in Western Bohemia in 20th century
Svoboda, Aleš ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Klingorová, Kamila (referee)
The thesis explores the Ways of the Cross and their functions in the Western Bohemian region. The Ways vary in their degree of preservation, which correlates with people's attitudes. The aim is to discuss functions and meanings of the Ways of the Cross in landscape and society of Western Bohemia in the context of changes that took place in the region during the second half of the 20th century. The analysis focuses on political, social, and religious factors influencing these sacred monuments, including their maintenance, restoration, and perception. Emphasis is placed on Czech-German relations and their impact on the Ways of the Cross in the post-war period. The thesis also examines the role of municipalities, civic associations, and volunteers in revitalizing these monuments and integrating them into community life. The research seeks to better understand the historical and cultural changes in the Western Bohemian region and underscore their significance in the current meanings of the Ways of the Cross. Currently, many Ways of the Cross are being restored, with cross-border relations playing a significant role. Simultaneously, new ones are being built, predominantly artistically representing their creators. A substantial portion of the Ways of the Cross in the region is also disappearing or has...
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Postglacial vegetation history of local phenomena in western Bohemia
Švarcová, Markéta Gabriela ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Kozáková, Radka (referee)
In the sense of postglacial vegetation development, western Bohemia represents one of the least studied regions in the Czech Republic. This area, however, represents a supposed migration route of trees towards northern Europe during the Holocene. The most appropriate area for testing of such proposal might be western Sudetes with Slavkovský les protected landscape area in the Karlovy Vary region. Postglacial vegetation history was studied on the basis of two sedimentary profiles - from the fen bog near Číhanské prameny springs and from the vicinity of Mnichovské hadce serpentines from the nature reserve Mokřady pod Vlčkem. Percentual as well as influx diagrams were constructed on the basis of results of standard pollen analysis. Comparison of these results with the data from other suitable profiles enabled reconstruction of migration history of main tree taxa. The Číhaná profile reflects the period from the Older Dryas up to the Atlantic. The oldest Holocene forest was formed by the dominant Pinus, while Corylus was joining already in the Preboreal. Quercetum mixtum folowed in the begining of the Boreal and spruce quickly gained dominance in the Atlantic. The sedimentation process was probably finished due to rapid accumulation of sediments followed by spontaneous drainage ending with spruce and alder...
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Orthodox Church buildings in the territory of West Bohemia
Martinec, Alexandr ; Vopatrný, Gorazd Josef (advisor) ; Luptáková, Marina (referee)
Pravoslavné chrámové stavby na území západních Čech Orthodox Church buildings in the territory of West Bohemia Alexandr Martinec The project provides a basic overview of orthodox buildings in Westbohemia. Considering the limited immensity of work, the topic is focused on selected orthodox churches only. The project is divided into 11 chapters that break down into subchapters then. It describes the history of buildings, architecture, the interior of churches and the present state. The first building the Church acquired was the house of prayer that was built for needs of the orthodox by the builder Gustav Hein from Karlovy Vary in 1867. The St. Olga's Church in Františkovy Lázně has been built already in 1889. The Church Ss. Peter and Paul's in Karlovy Vary has been built in 1897. The St. Vladimir's Church in Mariánských Lázních has been built in 1902. They are the only churches in Westbohemia from the scratch by the Orthodox Church. This work is meant for the general public and those interested in orthodoxy.
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The Beginning of the Sacral Architecture in West Bohemia. Chapters from Church Archeology.
Čechura, Martin ; Sommer, Petr (advisor) ; Hauserová, Milena (referee) ; Kovář, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is a research of the oldest sacral architecture on the example of one region - West Bohemia. While historical research has suggested that the oldest churches were built at administrative castles and formed the basis of a great-parish system, archaeological sources show a different image. Already during the 11th century, we have documented a number of churches in the landscape. Their relationship to older burial grounds is being explored. Compared to the supposed discontinuity between older row burial sites and church cemeteries, it appears that in many cases there was a direct spatial connection. The churches were founded in places of older settlement, as well as in places of older cemeteries. Archaeological research has documented wooden buildings and stone architecture too. In several cases, spatial and functional links to residences have been explored. In many cases, a greater age of churches was proved. Some churches were preceded by an older sacral building. The position of some churches on important roads and borders indicates their symbolic role. The results of archaeological research formulated to questions who were the builders of these churches and what was their role in medieval society. Thus, the view of the early Christianization of the early medieval population...
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Land use change in the Cheb area - new wilderness
Pekárková, Hana ; Bičík, Ivan (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The theses deals with exploration of new wilderness which comes into being in abandoned areas in border regions in the Cheb district. Using the newly defined transformation index, two cadastral territories in the district were identified with the highest probability of new wilderness occurence. The occurrence of a new wilderness was demonstrated in both cadastral areas and was categorized into typology already established. Photographs and ArcGis maps were added to the field survey. Post-habitat and post-agrarian new wilderness were identified in both cadastral territories. Further, there were identified post-montane and post-aquatic new wilderness. Despite the position near the border, where the Iron Curtain was located, post- military new wilderness was not identified there. New wilderness occurs in both localities on more than 10 % of area. Keywords: Land use, change of landscape, new wilderness, West Bohemia
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Earthquake swarms in diverse tectonic environments: West Bohemia and Southwest Iceland
Jakoubková, Hana ; Horálek, Josef (advisor) ; Cesca, Simone (referee) ; Málek, Jiří (referee)
In my doctoral thesis I have investigated earthquake swarms from two com- pletely different tectonic areas, West Bohemia/Vogtland and Southwest Iceland, with the aim of gaining a deeper insight into the nature of earthquake swarms in diverse tectonic environments. I analysed swarm-like activities from West Bo- hemia and Southwest Iceland from the perspective of statistical characteristics (magnitude-frequency distribution, interevent time distribution), seismic moment release, and space-time distribution of events. I found that the ratio of small to large events and the event rates are similar for all the activities in both areas, while the rate of the seismic moment release is significantly higher for the South- west Icelandic swarms. Seismic moment released step by step is characterised for the West Bohemia swarms, whereas seismic moment released in one dominant short-term phase is typical of Southwest Icelandic earthquake swarms. All the West Bohemian swarms took place in a bounded focal zone Nový Kostel that is fairly complex, consisting of several fault segments. The Southwest Icelandic swarms are distributed at much larger area along the Mid Atlantic Ridge up to its branching in the Hengill triple junction, the individual swarms clearly reflect a tectonic structure of respective focal areas. I have...
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