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Impact of crude oil price on macroeconomic indicators in major oil producing countries
Tůmová, Eva
The diploma thesis investigates the effect of oil price fluctuations on selected macroeconomic indicators for a set of four oil-producing countries. It provides a general overview of the development in oil prices as well as the oil production and presents a more thorough analysis of the oil production, consumption and trade in the selected countries. It utilizes the methods of Vector Autoregression, Granger causality and Impulse response via the econometric software Gretl in the analysis of the effects and compares the current literature with quantitative results.
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How Can the Czech National Bank Eliminate the Zero Lower Bound on Interest Rates? A Case Study
Katinová, Alexandra ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kolcunová, Dominika (referee)
The thesis provides case study research on the feasibility of the negative in- terest rate policy in the context of the Czech Republic. No major obstacles opposing the policy itself were found in the bases of the Czech legal system, however, a list of acts explicitly affected by the value of policy rates needs to be adjusted to prevent misinterpretations. Moreover, it was identified that tax prepayments held by the Tax Authority and free reserves kept at the Czech National Bank at zero interest rate create room for escaping from the policy. Additionally, debt repayments in cash and interest-free accounts of government and public institutions administrated by the Czech National Bank could lead to undesirable advantages. A complementary VAR model analysis of the interest rate transmission under negative policy rates was performed to evaluate quan- titatively the experience from European countries, however, short data series available provided merely indicative results.
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How Much of the Macroeconomic Variation in Ukraine Originates From External Shocks?
Fedorova, Alona ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (referee)
iv Abstract In this thesis, we investigate the relative importance of foreign shocks in the Ukrainian economy by estimating a small-scale SVAR model with block exogeneity restriction over the period 2003:2 - 2016:12. We find that external shocks from the EU and Russia account for a significant share of the macroeconomic variation in Ukraine. In particular, external shocks account for up to 97 % of variance in Ukraine's output and 85 % in inflation. Remarkably, foreign monetary policy shocks (both from the EU and Russia) account only for a tiny share of variance in all Ukrainian macro variables. Finally, we show that the inclusion of Russia in the 'foreign' block is important to achieve correct model specification. Without accounting for the effects of the Russian economy, Ukrainian variables over-react to shocks originating from the EU. We conclude that the National Bank of Ukraine should closely track external developments to achieve inflation targets. JEL Classification E52, F41, F42 Keywords vector autoregression, foreign shocks, monetary policy, Ukraine Author's e-mail alonafedorova0@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail jaromir.baxa@fsv.cuni.cz
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Connectedness of high-frequency data
Petras, Petr ; Křehlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Maršál, Aleš (referee)
This work combines discrete and continuous methods while modeling connect- edness of financial tick data. As discrete method we are using vector autore- gression. For continuous domain Hawkes process is used, which is special case of point process. We found out that financial assets are connected in non- symmetrical fashion. By using two methodologies we were able to model bet- ter how are the series connected. We confirmed existence of price leader in our three stock portfolio and modeled connectedness of jumps between stocks. As conclusion we state that both methods yields important results about price nature on the market and should be used together or at least with awareness of second approach. JEL Classification C32, G11, G14 Keywords Vector Autoregression, Hawkes process, High- frequency analysis, Connectedness Author's e-mail petr.petras@email.cz Supervisor's e-mail krehlik@utia.cas.cz
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Financial Stress in the Czech and Slovak Republic: Measurement and Effects on the Real Economy
Malega, Ján ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Cingl, Lubomír (referee)
In the scope of this thesis, we estimate a financial stress index particularly for the Czech Republic with application for Slovakia, and examine its development during the period 2002-2014. The advantage of the index is primarily its ability to measure the current level of stress in the financial system incorporating information from various sectors of the economy and expressing it in a single-value statistic. We find a marked increase in financial stress at the beginning of the global financial crisis and European sovereign debt crisis with a decrease to nearly pre-crisis levels by the end of our study period. Next, we estimate vector autoregression models and find out that financial stress has systematic effects on unemployment, prices and interest rates, with the maximum response occurring approximately one to two years after the shock in the Czech Republic, and with a half-year delay in Slovakia. Specifically, an increase in financial stress is associated with higher unemployment, lower prices and lower interest rates, indicating its detrimental effects on the real economy. JEL Classification G17, G32 Keywords financial stress index, vector autoregression, impulse responses
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Modelling of Financial Stress Index in the Czech Republic using Vector Autoregression Analysis
Malega, Ján ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Cingl, Lubomír (referee)
This study constructs a financial stress index with a specific focus on the case of the Czech Republic. The advantage of the index is primarily its ability to measure the current level of stress in the financial system incorporating information from various sectors of the economy and expressing it in a single-value statistic. Our index successfully recorded and evaluated critical periods of elevated financial stress especially during the recent financial crisis. Furthermore, we examine a systematic interaction between financial stress and the macroeconomics using vector autoregression analysis along with method of impulse responses. Based on our results we observe a significant and positive response of unemployment due to the shock in financial stress. Conversely, a negative effect was examined on inflation and interest rates. JEL Classification G17, G32 Keywords financial stress index, vector autoregression, impulse responses
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Monetary Transmission Mechanism: A Closer Look Inside the Black Box
Dvořák, Martin ; Vácha, Lukáš (advisor) ; Lypko, Vyacheslav (referee)
The recent economic and financial turmoil has led central banks around the world to heavily utilize unconventional monetary policy measures. Unconventional in this sense means a deflection from traditional central bank policy measures, i.e. interest rate innovations. Although these measures were widely discussed, the uniformed, coherent and comprehensive framework of such measures is still missing. The aim of this thesis is to establish the framework for possible classification of such policies together with transmission channels to the real economy. The empirical part examines the impacts of unconventional policies on real data using vector autoregression and vector error correction models. This analysis is based on monthly data period between 1999 and 2013, which is strongly affected by implementation of the unconventional policies in its second half. The last section examines the possible future of these policies as a normal instrument of central banks and describes their main challenges and shortcomings. JEL classification: C32, E40, E44, E50, E52, E58, E60 Keywords: Unconventional monetary policy, Interest rate, Decoupling principle, Balance sheet policy stratification, Quantitative easing, Channels of transmission, Vector Autoregression, Vector error correction model Author's e-mail:...
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Stress Testing of the Banking Sector
Mohylová, Aneta ; Seidler, Jakub (advisor) ; Džmuráňová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with stress testing of the banking sector as a tool that assesses the resilience of a portfolio, an institution itself or an entire system to adverse macroeconomic development. It aims to provide the reader with general understanding of theoretical aspects of stress testing and its practical application. In the theoretical part, the meaning, purpose and use of stress testing is discussed. Further, stress testing methodology and its limitations are explained and different types of stress tests are mentioned. In the practical part, two hypotheses are tested using vector autoregression model. Firstly, the dependence between loan portfolio quality and selected macroeconomic variables is estimated. Secondly, two types of stress tests are designed in order to test the resilience of the Czech banking sector and individual groups of banks divided according to their size categorization to three adverse scenarios via the most common macroeconomic indicator - capital adequacy ratio. Results suggest high resilience of the Czech banking sector towards adverse macroeconomic development. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Analysis of the impact of ageing on health care spending in selected countries of the Commonwealth
Konířová, Kristýna ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Analysis of the impact of ageing on health care spending in selected countries of the Commonwealth Abstract This thesis examines and analyses development of population ageing in Australia, Canada and New Zealand and especially its impact on the spending in the sector of health care. It includes comparison of demographic trends and description of health care systems in selected countries. The analysis is then processed by an econometric model focused on the impact of population ageing on government spending and spending of the private sector on health care through life expectancy at birth, ratio of population aged 65 years and above and other indicators. The modelling is carried out using linear regression, vector autoregression and fixed effects model in panel data. The results show that population ageing indeed affects through different intensity both government and private sector spending on health care in Australia, Canada and New Zealand.
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Forecasting and nowcasting power of confidence indikators:Evidence for Central Europe
Herrmannová, Lenka ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Mikolášek, Jakub (referee)
This thesis assesses the usefulness of confidence indicators for nowcasting and short term forecasting of the economic activity in the Czech Republic and three other Central European countries. The predictive power of both the Czech business confidence indicator and the customer confidence indicator is examined using two empirical approaches. First we predict the likelihood of economic downturn using logit models, later we estimate GDP growth out of sample forecasts in the framework of vector autoregression models. The results obtained from the downturn probability models confirm the ability of confidence indicators (especially the business confidence indicator) to estimate the current economic situation, so called nowcast. Results from the out-of-sample GDP growth value forecasting are ambiguous. Nevertheless the customer confidence indicator significantly improved original forecasts based on the model with standard macroeconomic variables and therefore we conclude in favour of its predictive power. Cross- country comparison confirms economic downturn nowcasting power of confidence indices in Hungary and Poland and fails to confirm such an ability of Slovak confidence indicators. One-quarter-ahead forecasts brought mixed results and therefore we conclude that nowcasting and forecasting properties of...
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