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Development of an opsonophagocytic assay for the measurement of functional antibody activity against Bordetella pertussis
Brázdilová, Ludmila ; Bumba, Ladislav (advisor) ; Dráber, Peter (referee)
The Gram-negative pathogen bacterium Bordetella pertussis is the infectious agent causing pertussis or whooping cough. The infection is dangerous to infants, often being deadly if untreated. Since whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been replaced by acellular pertussis vaccines, pertussis has become the most prevalent vaccine-preventable disease in developed countries. Therefore, the development of a new generation of pertussis vaccines has become a high priority. Opsonophagocytic assays are one method used to assess the efficacy of new vaccines. The main objective of the thesis is to develop opsonophagocytic killing and uptake assays for the measurement of functional antibody activity against Bordetella pertussis. Neutrophils from mice and humans were isolated by three different methods and used for the assessment of different human and mouse sera in opsonophagocytic killing and uptake assays. Different experimental conditions were tested, including multiplicity of infection and serum dilutions. The opsonophagocytic uptake assay proved to discriminate between naïve and immune sera. Serum from mice vaccinated with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine enhanced opsonophagocytic uptake of B. pertussis cells into neutrophils, while serum from mice immunized with the acellular pertussis vaccine did not....
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Pseudotyping in baculoviruses
Zobalová, Eliška ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
The baculoviruses are a group of enveloped DNA viruses that infect the larval stage of arthropods, mainly insects. They are widely used in biotechnology and well known for their utility as biological pesticides and gene expression vectors for the production of proteins in insect cells and larvae. However, they are also able to enter in mammalian cells and deliver-genes for expression under the control of mammalian cell-active promoters. Recombination or pseudotyping can result in formation of baculoviruses that provide a higher transduction frequency or are able to recognize specific mammalian cells. This bachelor thesis describes the phenomenon of viral pseudotyping and summarizes published information about the use of pseudotyped baculoviruses for gene therapy and vaccination.
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Therapeutic approaches to Ebola virus infections
Tomanová, Tereza ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Matyska Lišková, Petra (referee)
Ebola virus is a very dangerous virus because of its high mortality rate and unavailability of an approved vaccine or medicament. There was more than 31 000 infected people since the first epidemic in 1976 and almost 13 000 of them died (cdc.gov). Ebola virus usually occures in the west Africa, its occure on the other continents was rare in the past and it was always just one case. There is one exception though, strain Reston of Ebola virus. Strain Reston was spread from Philippines to the USA while deporting macaques. Strain Reston is able to infect people, but there is no case of death after being infected with this strain (who.int). This occurence in the USA was a warning sign of how easily could Ebola virus travel to other continents. If it was one of the deadly strains, the results would be fatal. Ebola virus is a threat and it is necessary to develop effective vaccine and drug. This bachelor's thesis is about the Ebola virus, its genome, life cycle and mainly about the options of therapy of the ebola virus disease. It is focused on presently tested vaccines and drugs against the Ebola virus.
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Parents of the Pre-School Children and Vaccination III.
Formánková, Petra ; Marešová, Helena (advisor) ; Pokladníková, Jitka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Petra Formánková Supervisor: PharmDr. Helena Marešová Title: Parents of the Pre-School Children and Vaccination III. Key words: vaccination, adverse effects, non-compulsory vaccines, immunization calendar Introduction: Vaccination has always been controversial and highly debated issue. There are its supporters, but also strict opponents. However, vaccination is still the most effective and most economical form of fight against various diseases. Vaccination annually saves several million lives. Aim: The main aim of my thesis is to evaluate the results obtained from the questionnaires and determine whether respondents' age or higher education have an impact on the belief in the legitimacy, safety and efficacy of vaccination. Then I watched the risk of adverse effects on the child's sex and the most frequent type of adverse reactions, which occurred after vaccination. The aim was also to determine whether children were vaccinated by non-compulsory vaccines, further as their parents knew about vaccination and what changes in vaccination they desired for their children. Methodology: The research was conducted by questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were distributed to parents of...
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Parents of the Pre-School Children and Vaccination II.
Klozová, Michaela ; Marešová, Helena (advisor) ; Pokladníková, Jitka (referee)
Student: Michaela Klozová Tutor: PharmDr. Helena Marešová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Background: This thesis deals with the attitude of Czech parents of preschool children for vaccination. From this perspective, the issue of vaccination was not in the Czech Republic yet rated. The work provides an overview of basic knowledge about vaccination. Aim: The main objective of the study was to assess the attitudes of parents to vaccinate their children, to map their knowledge and experience with vaccination and their views on the legitimacy, efficacy and safety of vaccination in the Czech Republic. The operational objective was to determine what changes would be welcomed in this system. Finally, I was interested in whether parents let children vaccinated beyond the compulsory vaccination. Methods: A targeted survey of parents of preschool children, regardless of age and education. For data acquisition method was used questionnaires. The processing of the results was used a computer program Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The data were subjected to frequency analysis and confidence interval was calculated. The survey was conducted from September 2012 to November 2013 questionnaire was completed by 182 parents...
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Parents of the Pre-School Children and Vaccination I.
Miklasová, Monika ; Marešová, Helena (advisor) ; Pokladníková, Jitka (referee)
Parents of preschool children and vaccination I. Author: Monika Miklasová Supervisor of thesis PharmDr. Helena Marešová Department of social and clinic pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové. Introduction:In the Czech Republic is vaccination of children one of the most argue topic. Children`s vaccination is very important, because they are endangering the most of health and life. Periodically vaccination lead to reach high collective immunity. High vaccination is requirement. Objective: Purpose of my thesis was find out, what are actual parent`s opinions on faith, effectivity and safety of vaccination system, which depend on parent`s age and education - in this case help me questionnaires gave out in kindergartens of the Zlín region. I investigate parents knowledge about this issue, side effects and number of children, which are vaccinaciton with optionally vaccines. Methodology: In research was used method of questionnaires. Data were collected from october 2012 to april 2013. Questionnaires were distributed in kindergarten of Zlín region to parents, which have preschool children. Received questionnaires were processed method of frequency analysis. They were divided by age, education, software evaluated Microsoft Office Excel. Results were recorded as...
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The Motives and Strategies in the Behaviour of Parents Refusing the Compulsory Vaccination
Štětovská, Pavla ; Tollarová, Blanka (advisor) ; Slanina, Petr (referee)
7 ABSTRACT The compulsory vaccination of children has lately become a very actual and frequently discussed topic in the Czech Republic. The public opinion about the compulsory vaccination divide parents on two different groups which are presented by the opinion for or against the vaccination. In my thesis I tried to present the opinion of parents with the different view on the compulsory vaccination. The thesis mainly focuses on the decision-making process by parents. I try to describe how they perceive the compulsory vaccination of their children and what their experience with it is, and how they consequently decide about the realization, changes and rejection of the compulsory vaccination. The main research issue of my work is: What steps parents take when making opinion about the compulsory vaccination and what is happening with parents who decide for or against vaccination. In the theoretical part of my thesis I concentrate on the description of the history of the compulsory vaccination, on the development of system of the vaccination in our country and in the world, on the vaccination schemes and vaccines, the list of vaccinated diseases, the functions of immune system, the model of distribution and payment for the vaccines, the criticism with arguments for and against the vaccination. I summarize the...
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How are high school students informed about virus biology
Solarová, Pavlína ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
Biology is the study of viruses, which are engaged in teaching 2-3 lessons. During those hours, students must not only absorb information about the structure and function of the virus, but also the reproduction of the organism, several representatives and, ultimately, diseases that cause that exists prevention and treatment these diseases. Students remember what it is for the vaccine, the virus infects whom, how they can get infected or what the immune system. What makes the problem of students are questions: which of the viral disease is, what constitutes a viral particle, or what is an infectious disease. In the RVP G is determined curriculum is very vaguely. The teacher thus has a certain freedom in creating the ŠVP and its preparations. To more precise what students should know for graduation, testing requirements used common catalog of the school-leaving examination in this case of biology, who has broken the outputs of the curriculum of all biological disciplines.
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Heterologous expression of the E7 oncoprotein from human papillomavirus HVP16
Lidický, Ondřej ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Mach, Otakar (referee)
Production of vaccines and pharmaceutical proteins in plants is a promising nascent technology with a great potential to provide high-quality, safe and non-expensive production and delivery platform. In this work we studied the experimental vaccine against human papillomavirus based on modified plant pathogen - Potato virus X (PVX). The experimental vaccine is based on PVX virus particles decorated with genetically fused HPV-E7 oncoprotein. These chimeric virus particles should be able to activate strong and specific cellular immune response. However the modification of the PVX coat protein with such relatively large fused protein might influence its ability to form particles. In this work we have characterized some properties of such chimeric virus particles like solubility or ability infect host plant. (In Czech)
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