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The issue of penicillin antibiotics in water
Landová, Pavlína ; Oborná, Jana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the occurrence and determination of penicillin antibiotics in wastewater. Penicillin V was selected as a representative of this class of antibiotics due to its frequent prescribing. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was selected as a method of isolation of the analyte from the wastewater. Optimal conditions were found for Bakerbond C18 SPE column. Drug analysis was carried out on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with diode array detection (UV-VIS/DAD). Under optimized conditions, the analysis of wastewater from the WWTP Brno Modřice influent and effluent was performed.
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Determination of hormones in wastewater
Zouharová, Kamila ; Tulková, Tereza (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The presented theoretical and practical study was focused on a single unit of drugs – hormones. In the present study were characterized in detail hormones as drugs or medical ressource and their mode of effect on the human body. Another important part of this study was focused on the evaluate of the incidence of estrogens in the environment and their possible impact on the aquatic ecosystem, mainly for waste water. The last part of study was processed analytical problems of determination of hormones. There were introduced pre-analytical and analytical methods – methods of isolation of hormones from the waste water and methods of thein final determination, which were based mainly on the separation processes.
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Determination of beta-blockers in wastewater
Csabová, Dominika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The thesis discusses the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Beta – blockers are clinically important drugs which are highly used to treat cardio-vascular diseases such as hypertension, arrhytmia and angina pectoris. This group of drugs was chosen because of their already proven toxicity on aquatic organisms. The matrix examined was a wastewater from a wastewater treatment plant of a University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno. The thesis focuses on an optimization of an analytical method for the identification and quantification of analytes in this group of drugs. A solid- phase extraction ( SPE) was used for the isolation of analytes in a wastewater sample. A method of ultra - high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with the UV-VIS detection using a diode array detector (DAD) was used for the final analysis. Target analytes were metoprolol and propanolol.
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The issue of determination of beta-blockers in surface waters
Košík, Juraj ; Píšťková, Veronika (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the issue of increasing concentration of pharmaceuticals in the environment. The most worldwide prescribed medications with the most frequently detection in the environment are -blockers. These compounds are clinically important drugs which are extensively used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, arrhythmia and angina pectoris. It is important to monitor the concentration levels of blockers in aquatic environment due to their acute and chronic toxicity towards aquatic organisms. This study is focused on development and optimization of analytical method of determination of these compounds. The monitored matrixes were surface water from two rivers, Váh (Slovakia) and Dyje (Czech Republic) and waste water form waste water treatment plant (WWTP) Brno-Modřice. The analytes from water samples using solid phase extraction (SPE) were isolated. For the final analysis ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph with UV-VIS detection using diode array detector (DAD) was used. As the target compounds atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol were selected.
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Determination of selected drugs (beta-bloskers) in surface water
Kříž, Jiří ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis discusses the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment. -blockers are one of the most prescribed medications with the most frequent detection in the environment. These compounds are clinically important drugs used to cure cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, arrythmia and angina pectoris. Due to their acute and chronic toxicity towards aquatic organisms it is important to monitor the concentrations levels. This study is focused on optimization of analytical method to determine these compounds. The matrix examined was a waste water from a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) Brno Modřice. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation of analytes in a waste water samples. A method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the UV-VIS detection using a diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was used. Target analytes were atenolol, metoprolol and bisoprolol.
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Determination of bitrex using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography
Fuková, Kateřina ; Kubíčková, Anna (advisor) ; Křížek, Tomáš (referee)
In this work, a method for the determination of bitrex (denatonium benzoate) using ultra- high performance liquid chromatography was developed. A Kinetex C18 column (Phenomenex) with dimensions of 100×2.1 mm and a particle size of 1.7 μm was used for the determination. A mixture of acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid (component A) and deionized water with 0.1% formic acid (component B) was used as the mobile phase. The best separation was achieved with the gradient program set: 0-2 min: 20 % → 70 % A (vol. %); 2- 3 min: 70 % A (vol. %); 3-3,5 min: 70 % → 20 % A (vol. %); 3,5-5 min: 20 % A (vol. %). The temperature of the column during the separation was 40 řC and flow rate was 0,3 ml/min. The developed method was partially validated. Repeatability was measured, the linearity of the method was verified for sample injection 1 μl and 5μl. For the same sample injection limit of detection and limit of quantification was determined. Using the developed method, seven real samples containing bitrex were measured. These samples differed in matrix. The samples were five different coolants, glass cleaner and a washing gel for black clothing. In coolant Carline Antifreeze G13 (producer OMA CZ) the concentration of bitrex was set at 23,4 ppm. In coolant CS Antifreeze G 13 (producer CLASSIC Oil) the concentration...
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Separation of chiral liquid crystals
Semeniuk, Lidziya ; Kubíčková, Anna (advisor) ; Kozlík, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the enantioseparation of selected thermotropic chiral rod- shaped liquid crystals using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography on a chiral stationary phase working in a reverse mode. The studied chiral liquid crystals are mesogens that form a smectic mesophase. They differ in chemical structure (lengths of alkyl chains, substituents) and have a chiral center derived from two substances - 2-octanol and lactic acid. The current study consists of testing the enantioselective potential of a new UHPLC column Chiralpak IB-U with tris (3,5-dimethyl phenyl carbamate) cellulose as a chiral selector. The optimization of the chromatographic conditions, i.e., temperature and mobile phase flow rate, is performed. Acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, and deionized water in various ratios are used as mobile phases. The influence of the structure of liquid crystals (namely the presence and the position of fluorine atoms on the benzene nucleus, length of the alkyl chain, nature of the chiral center) on the course of separations, i.e., on retention, enantioselectivity, and resolution, is assessed. The results are compared with published data from similar studies. The influence of the stationary phase on the enantioseparations of interest is discussed. Keywords: ultra-high...
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Separation of chiral compounds
Šrolerová, Tereza ; Kubíčková, Anna (advisor) ; Křížek, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the chiral separation of newly synthesized orthoconic antiferroelectric liquid crystals using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. These studied compounds differ in the alkyloxy-spacer length, in the presence and/or position of the fluorine atom on the phenyl ring and in the chiral center. The separation took place in a reverse separation mode using a chiral stationary phase based on derivatized amylose. First, the effect of mobile phase flow rate and column temperature on separation efficiency was exanimated. The effect of the composition of the mobile phase on the enantioseparation were studied at the optimum temperature and flow rate. The mobile phase was based on acetonitril, while deionized water was added gradually using isocratic elution. Furthermore, the effect of chromatographic conditions and the structure of the studied analytes on resolution and enantioselectivity was investigated, concretely the presence and position of fluorine atom on pfenyl ring, the length of alkyloxy-spacer and the effect of divergent chiral center. Under optimized chromatography conditions we succeeded to separate all examined substances on the base line. Key words: ultra-high performance chromatography, liquid crystals, enantioseparation, chiral stationary phase, reverse mode
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Determination of selected drugs (beta-bloskers) in surface water
Kříž, Jiří ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis discusses the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment. -blockers are one of the most prescribed medications with the most frequent detection in the environment. These compounds are clinically important drugs used to cure cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, arrythmia and angina pectoris. Due to their acute and chronic toxicity towards aquatic organisms it is important to monitor the concentrations levels. This study is focused on optimization of analytical method to determine these compounds. The matrix examined was a waste water from a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) Brno Modřice. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation of analytes in a waste water samples. A method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the UV-VIS detection using a diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was used. Target analytes were atenolol, metoprolol and bisoprolol.
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Analysis of defensive substances of Diving beetles (Dytiscidae) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry
Bosáková, Tereza ; Kozlík, Petr (advisor) ; Nesměrák, Karel (referee)
Obranný sekret potápníků (Dytiscidae) produkovaný jejich prothorakálními žlázami obsahuje řadu steroidních látek. Pro analýzu obranného sekretu potápníka druhu Ilybius fenestratus byla využita ultra- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie ve spojení s detekcí diodovým polem a hmotnostní detekcí. Analýza methanolického extraktu sekretu probíhala na koloně Acquity BEH C18 za podmínek gradientové eluce s dvousložkovou mobilní fází tvořenou methanolem s 0,1% obsahem amoniaku a 0,1% vodným roztokem amoniaku. V sekretu byla zjištěna přítomnost dvou steroidních hormonů, a to boldenonu a testosteronu a jejich identifikace byla potvrzena na základě shody jejich retenčních časů i hmotnostních spekter s příslušnými standardy.
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