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Detection and identification of red blood cell antibodies in transfused patients
Klazarová, Alena ; Červená, Gabriela (advisor) ; Honegrová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Alena Klazarová Supervisor: RNDr. Gabriela Červená, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Eliška Rýznarová Title of thesis: Detection and identification of red blood cell antibodies in transfused patients Background: The aim of the work is a statistical evaluation of the detection of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in patients and pregnant women at the Transfusion Department in Cheb and the Transfusion Department in Karlovy Vary in the years 2021 to 2022. I focus on the frequency, type and clinical significance of antibodies, followed by the occurrence of immunization of respondents after administration transfusion and I evaluate the significance of the enzyme test. Methods: The work describes the methodologies used at the TO in Cheb during the screening examination of irregular antibodies against erythrocytes, which detect their presence in the examined plasma. Main findings: Tasks from the Rh system and a higher frequency of occurrence of the anti- Wra region were the most represented in the monitored group. The most antibodies were detected in the 60-79 age group, slightly dominated by women. A combination of specific anti- erythrocyte antibodies was detected in some respondents (22.6%). Immunization...
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Detection and identification of red blood cell antibodies in transfused patients
Klazarová, Alena ; Červená, Gabriela (advisor) ; Honegrová, Barbora (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Alena Klazarová Supervisor: RNDr. Gabriela Červená, Ph.D. Consultant: RNDr. Eliška Rýznarová Title of thesis: Detection and identification of red blood cell antibodies in transfused patients Background: The aim of the work is a statistical evaluation of the detection of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in patients and pregnant women at the Transfusion Department in Cheb and the Transfusion Department in Karlovy Vary in the years 2021 to 2022. I focus on the frequency, type and clinical significance of antibodies, followed by the occurrence of immunization of respondents after administration transfusion and I evaluate the significance of the enzyme test. Methods: The work describes the methodologies used at the TO in Cheb during the screening examination of irregular antibodies against erythrocytes, which detect their presence in the examined plasma. Main findings: Tasks from the Rh system and a higher frequency of occurrence of the anti- Wra region were the most represented in the monitored group. The most antibodies were detected in the 60-79 age group, slightly dominated by women. A combination of specific anti- erythrocyte antibodies was detected in some respondents (22.6%). Immunization...
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Life-threatening bleeding and possibilities of application of transfusion products in pre-hospital care
KLIMEŠOVÁ, Veronika
The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of life-threatening bleeding and the possibilities of transfusion application already in pre-hospital care. As regards transfusions applied in pre-hospital emergency care, this is a relatively new issue that is currently taking place in the Czech Republic through clinical research, therefore the bachelor's thesis does not contain much data from pre-hospital emergency care. Thesis is divided into the theoretical part and the practical part. In the theoretical part, the anatomy and physiology of the body's blood circulation and physiological hemostasis are briefly described for better orientation in this area. Subsequently, the issue of bleeding is described along with its characteristics including the division and following development of hemorrhagic shock up to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Symptoms and therapies taking place in pre-hospital emergency care at the scene of the event by a paramedic. In conclusion, the issue of transfusion is addressed, from characteristics to product types, application principles, history and current therapy taking place in pre-hospital emergency care. The practical part was carried out through qualitative research, using the method of semi-structured interviews, which were anonymous, recorded in the course and subsequently processed. There were prepared 25 questions in advance for the interview, divided into 6 categories, to which I was answered by a total of 7 paramedics. The interviews took place at the exit groups of the South Bohemian Region Health Rescue Service. The data collected represented the awareness of paramedics about the issue and therapeutic procedures from the point of view of the rapid medical assistance crew.
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Non-specific positive reaction in pre-transfusion examination
HANZLÍKOVÁ, Martina
Pre-transfusion examination is a set of immunohematological examinations before administration of a transfusion preparation to a patient. The purpose of this examination is to ensure safe and effective transfusion to the recipient. The pre- administration examination of the blood product must include an examination of the recipient's blood type, screening of the recipient's anti-erythrocyte antibodies, and a transfusion product compatibility test. The test is performed by the agglutination method and in some cases the enzyme is used in the screening.
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Fluid resuscitation and haemotherapy in the intensive care from the perspective of nurse
NĚMCOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis focuses on the fluid replacement therapies and the use of blood products in intensive care which is part of the daily routine for the mutidisciplinary team on intensive care including the intensive care nursing staff. These therapies span wide array of functions, including but not limited to fluid status management, electrolyte replacement and optimisation, therapeutic purposes and the delivery of nutritional requirements. The administration of blood products is vital in modern day medicine, partyicularly in the intensive care setting, and although there has been significant improvements in the standard of safety it is not completely without risk. The role of the intensive care nurse is vital not only in the preparation and administraton of blood products but also to watch for potential complications and side effects that may arise. They are also responsible for meticulous care of venous access ports as these are frequently used in the intensive care setting and must be well looked after to ensure patency and to prevent infection. This thesis is divided into parts in an attempt to cover the main issues surrounding fluid managemnet and the administration of blood products. The first part aims to summarise the relevant physiology underlying fluid balance, transfusion medicine and homeostasis. Next, based on reviewing the current literature, we aim to describe the current terminology approaches to fluid management and summarise the most commonly used products. The following sections are written with a focus on nursing care the tasks involved and their responsibilities and an overview of the possible complications that may arise with fluid replacement strategies. The important aspects of transfusion medicine are described by first defining the available blood products commonly used on intensive care followed by the basic principles underpinning the indications for their usage. We go on further to highlight the possible complications of these respective therapies and what nursing staff should be vigilant for when involved in the care of patients receiving blood products. We also address the role of the nurse in the care of the patient in hypovolemic shock. This encompasses the principles and therapies previously described in an acute setting. We describe the principles of management of such patients together with the clinical implications and practical considerations that need to be taken into account. We also focus on the particular responsibilities of the nurse in the care of such patients on intensive care. At the end of this thesis we summarised the safe concept of intravenous therapy. The second aim of this paper was based on the literature search to summarise and compare modern trends in fluid management.
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NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES IN THE INTESIVE CARE UNIT
Dolinská, Michaela ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Kukol, Václav (referee)
NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS WITH HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT Michaela Dolinská, DiS. ABSTRACT Overall survival and quality of life of the patients with malignant diseases, especially with hematological malignancies, have improved significantly in the last years. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment, including the hematopoietic stem cell (bone marrow) transplantation modality, have led to the increase survival rate of such patients. Simultaneously, these opportunities generate increasing number of individuals requiring the intensive care due to various complications of malignant disease and/or its treatment. This bachelor thesis is designed as theoretical-empirical study. The theoretical part provides the review and analysis of current literature and discusses particular specifics of nursing care of patients with hematological malignancies in the intensive care setting. Pancytopenia- associated immunosuppression and infection risk, the need of barrier-approach principles of nursing care will be described. Next, bleeding conditions and restricted transfusion politics, telling unfavorable information to the patients and their families and last but not least the palliative care principles are reviewed too. The empirical part of the thesis is processed as the qualitative research in...
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