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Fertility in Czechia within the polarity of urban vs. rural areas in 1996-2020
Veselá, Tereza ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Havelková, Tereza (referee)
Fertility in Czechia within the polarity of urban vs. rural areas in 1996-2020 Abstract The intensity and timing of fertility have undergone significant development since the early 1990s in Czechia, which can be observed through several demographic indicators of fertility. This bachelor's thesis analyses the difference in the development of fertility intensity and timing between urban and rural municipalities for the entire Czechia and individual districts separately since 1996 to 2020. The theoretical part of the thesis addresses regional differentiation of fertility, fertility trends in the Czechia since the 1990s, and the definition of the concepts of urban and rural areas, based on which the municipalities of the Czechia are divided in the analytical part of the thesis. The aim of this study is to compare the fertility trends between urban and rural areas and identify regions with same or similar values of the resulting demographic indicators. In the analytical part of the thesis, further analysis is conducted on the differences in intensity and timing of fertility for each selected fertility indicator separately, which shows the differentiation of the studied urban and rural dichotomy. Key words: intensity and timing of fertility, urban area, rural area, total fertility rate, mean age of women at birth...
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The Dynamics of World Population Ageing
Bošková, Mariana ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
The dynamics of the world population ageing Abstract This thesis aims to evaluate the evolution of population ageing in the world. This subject is a current issue nowadays and will probably be in the future for many countries in the world. The evaluation of the population ageing is analysed through five indicators: old age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, total fertility rate, life expectancy at birth, and median age. Even though attention is mostly paid to the years 1950, 2015 and 2050, the thesis contains the growth index of all the used indicators as well. It shows the development over this hundred-year time horizon. While the population ageing has taken place mostly in economically developed countries in the past, this trend will most likely continue to be most pronounced in the fastest developing countries of Eastern and South-Eastern Asia in the future, with faster dynamics. Key words: demographic ageing, world, old age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, total fertility rate, life expectancy at birth, median age
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Comparison of Fertility Indicators in the Czech Republic and Other Countries of the EU
Medková, Barbora ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Krbcová, Daniela (referee)
This Bachelor thesis compares selected period and cohort characteristics of fertility for 15 chosen European countries that are divided into four groups: post-communist countries, Northern European countries, Southern European countries and Western European countries. The aim of this thesis is to find out whether differences among selected groups of countries exist and whether differences between post-communist countries and the rest of the countries still prevail. Additionally, the thesis aims to indicate the aggregate fertility rates achieved, the average age of mothers at birth, and, finally, the proportion of children born outside marriage in countries in question. Moreover, the development of completed fertility of women born after World War II is examined to reveal whether the decline in cross-period total fertility has been later compensated at least partially, or whether the total fertility rate constantly decreases. The Eurostat and the Human Fertility databases were used to acquire elementary data. The data were later analysed. According to results, the total fertility rate in all selected countries during the second half of the last century had decreased. In some cases, it had fallen even under the level necessary to ensure basic reproduction of the population. During the present century, the aggregate total fertility rates have been fairly stable; in some countries, even moderate growth can be seen. Despite the initial decline over the past decade, the mean age of women at childbirth has been increasing in most of the countries, and oscillates around the age of 30. Also, the high proportion of children born outside marriage can be seen. Currently, apart from few exceptions, the proportion of children born outside marriage ranges between 40 and 60%. Furthermore, the research results show also that the majority of selected period and cohort characteristics examined differ a lot among the selected groups of countries. It was find out that the completed cohort fertility is decreasing with time in Southern and Northern European countries. It is assumed that the completed cohort fertility is going to increase in Western European countries for generations born after the year 1980. For post-communist countries it is assumed that the figures are going to increase for the youngest generations.
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Fertility development in the USA
Fialová, Lucie ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Janáková Kuprová, Barbora (referee)
Fertility development in the USA Abstract The aim of this theses is to analyse the development of a fertility rate in the USA. As a tool for this analysis I am using the following indicators: total fertility rate, age specific fertility rate and mean age at birth. The population of United States of America is very heterogeneous therefore it is important to take the racial and ethnic differentiation into account when analysing fertility. Every racial/ethnic group is unique and has its own demographic behaviour. Because the fertility rate also varies in different states, this work has one part on regional differences in fertility rate. This theses also includes a chapter on demographic theories, such as the first and second demographic transition and the lowest-low fertility. Theories describe and explain changes in reproductive behaviour of the population. Keywords: Age specific fertility rate, total fertility rate, mean age at birth
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Family policy and reproductive behaviour in the Visegrad Group states after 1990
Krejčí, Anna ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee) ; Černíková, Alena (referee)
Family policy andreproductive behaviour in the VisegradGroup states after 1990 Abstract In post-communist countries, the fertility decline has been already subjected in many researches. Aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse trends in fertility and family policy in the Visegrad countries. The goal was to find out how the post-1990 approach on family policy and response to changing social conditions differed in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The study describes settings for each family benefits including the changes in the examined period of 1990-2013. On that basis 5-year periods were defined and assessed. The fertility analysis is focused on the total and completed fertility rate and also by parity and age-specific fertility rates. The period effect was estimated using age-period-cohort (APC) models which decompose fertility rates for age, period and cohort effects. Models were based on fertility of women aged 25-49 years in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. Results in all three countries suggest that the decline in fertility in 1995-1999 wasa reaction to the changing socio-economic conditions in 1990-1994. However, the negative effect of this period was mitigated by changes in the distribution of cohorts. The period 2000-2004 has brought many positive changes that were behind...
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Impact of economic crisis on fertility level in EU member states
Kortanová, Jana ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee) ; Černíková, Alena (referee)
Impact of economic crisis on fertility level in EU member states Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a detailed development overview of the selected indicators, i.e., GDP per capita, unemployment rate and total fertility rate, in the context of the Global Economic Crisis, which, on a European scale, started in 2008, and evaluate the impact of the crisis on fertility levels across EU countries. The diploma thesis further concerns itself with various approaches to the relation between economic development and fertility, briefly with the causes of the Global Economic Crisis and with family policy measures in response to worsening economic conditions. Using cluster and regression analyses, the relationship between the economic indicators and total fertility rates in relation to the onset of the crisis has been examined. Even though total fertility rates of individual EU countries were affected differently by the change of economic conditions, the results indicate that changes in unemployment rates affect fertility levels. The decline in fertility levels during the crisis, which occurred in most of the examined countries, is certainly the result of a large number of factors affecting reproductive behaviour. Nevertheless, the results suggest that the symptoms of the crisis significantly...
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Nonmarital and marital fertility in the Czech Republic and from international perspective. Trends, patterns and attitudes
Srnová, Zdeňka ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Nonmarital and marital fertility in the Czech Republic and from international perspective. Trends, patterns and attitudes. Abstract The aim of this master thesis is to describe the development trends of marital and nonmarital fertility in the Czech Republic and to analyze selected indicators of fertility. As tools are used to certain methods of demographic analysis. The first part addressis the basic concepts related to the issue of marital and nonmarital fertility, data sources and a description of the historical development of nonmartial fertility. The analytical part include basic analysis of fertility by age, marital status, education, birth order and the decomposition of the total fertility rate and proportion of childern born outsider marriage in the Czech Republic and Austria too. Keywords: marital fertility, nonmarital fertility, decomposition, total fertility rate, value orientation
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Childlessness and its aspects in selected European countries
Žemberová, Karolína ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šustová, Šárka (referee)
This thesis addresses childlessness and its aspects in selected European countries: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Estonia, the Netherlands, Sweden and Norway. The aim of this work is to discover whether there are differences between capitalist and post-socialist countries when it comes to the development of childlessness and fertility. The tools are: the analysis of fertility, the average age of mothers at childbirth and analysis of childlessness using both transversal and longitudinal indicators. The indicators used in the analysis were of the first and second category. Another aim of this thesis is to find out whether there are differences between the attitudes, opinions and values when it comes to approach to the family, the division of gender roles and children between childless respondents and respondents with children. The differentiation between sex and age groups through the use of three matrices with questions from three surveys (European Values Study, Eurobarometer and ISSP) are also investigated. The factor analysis and the method of principal components are used to reduce the number of variables. The results of the factor analysis are indexed and the indexes are then used to reveal how the differences manifest themselves in the monitored groups of respondents. The main result of...
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