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Let There Be Light? Impact of Light Pollution on the Environment
Svoboda, Lukáš ; Mihai, Hana (referee) ; Ellederová, Eva (advisor)
Světelné znečištění patří mezi mnoho druhů znečištění, které ohrožují naši planetu. Důvod jeho vzniku je vedlejší efekt průmyslové civilizace a jeho negativní dopad ohrožuje lidské zdraví, zvěř, rostlinstvo a klima. Cílem této bakalářské práce je vymezit koncept světelného znečištění, popsat způsoby měření a negativní dopady. Teoretická část bakalářské práce se zabývá definováním pojmu světelného znečištění a popisuje způsoby, jakými se světelné znečištění projevuje. Dále řeší možnosti měření světelného znečištění, a také diskutuje negativními dopady na lidské zdraví, přírodu, ekonomiku, bezpečnost a astronomii. Navazující kapitola popisuje parametry běžně užívaných světelných zdrojů pro veřejné osvětlení, a nakonec jsou probírány základní praktiky, které napomáhají snížit světelné znečištění a jsou doplněny příklady správně navrženými svítidly pro venkovní osvětlení. Praktická část této bakalářské práce se zabývá kvantitativním výzkumem, který měl za cíl objasnit úroveň povědomí o světelném znečištění mezi širokou veřejností. Data pro tento výzkum byla shromážděna pomocí dotazníkového šetření.
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Light pollution in the vicinity of the Ondřejov Observatory
Kocourek, David ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Treml, Václav (referee)
Light pollution is currently one of the environmental problems of human society. With the technological development and the increase of the human population on the planet, the landscape is constantly increasing the emission of disturbing light into the surrounding area during the night. The largest producer of light pollution is the urban and suburban regions where light spreads to several decades away, increasing the brightness of the sky, as well as rural or nature-close landscapes. Exposure to disturbing light has a demonstrably unfavorable effect on human, animal and plant health as well as on the balance of whole ecosystems. In this work I focus on finding and assessing the state of sky brightness in the interest zone of the observatory of Astronomical Institute AV at Ondřejov. Based on my own data measured in the field during nine night excursions, I created an interpolated map of ArcMap 10.2 and, according to directional measurements, interpreted the main polluters in this area. The results clearly show a clear trend to reduce the sky's brightness from the northwest to the east. The measurements also show that the local sources of obstrusive light near Ondřejov have a slight influence on the overall zenith brightness of the sky compared to the presence of Prague, several miles away....
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Socio-economic and cultural impacts of light pollution
Záhejská, Regina ; Lindner, Milan (advisor) ; Prokůpek, Marek (referee)
The theme is dedicated to a more and more current problematic of light pollution. The subject of this bachelor thesis is an analysis and evaluation of the present state of light pollution in the Czech Republic, where it is focused on a certain example of a sufficiently obvious occurrence of light pollution in practice. The aim of the thesis is the identification of important negative impacts of light pollution concerning to environmental, socio-cultural and economic with an application on a specific city in the Czech Republic, in which the occurrence of light pollution is greatest. The thesis results in the formulation of practical realizable proposals and recommendations for eliminating at least some of the identified negative effects of light pollution.
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Light pollution and protection of night environment in the Czech Republic
Moudrá, Milada ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Mišurec, Jan (referee)
Light pollution serves as a term for negative effects of artificial light at night which has increased in the last decades. Overview of those effects is summoned in this thesis along with analysis of the current state of night environment in large protected areas of the Czech Republic obtained from satellite images. The first part of thesis describes physical characteristics of light and its physiological perception, present lighting technology and its progress toward LED sources. Characterization of light pollution, its causes and sources, monitoring techniques and of present situation worldwide follows. Impacts of light pollution does not include only decreased night sky visibility but a large scale of effects on human health, animals, plants and ecosystems, safety and security or economy; as a consequence some areas implemented laws regulating light pollution. Analysis in the final part shows that average radiance values for protected areas are lower than average radiance in the Czech Republic. Night environment in...
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Global lighting market and a position of the Czech Republic in this market
Šimetková, Tereza ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Klosová, Anna (referee)
This thesis is focused on the analysis of the global lighting market and the assessment of the current position of the Czech Republic in this market. The first part is devoted to the theoretical introduction in the field of lighting technology. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the relation between lighting market and energy sector, especially with regard to energy efficiency policy. The market analysis is concentrated primarily on general lighting, which forms the largest and the most important lighting market segment. The development of the Czech lighting market is then discussed in the context of the global as well as the European market. Additionally, the thesis includes analysis of current trends in lighting technology and research conducted among manufacturers of lighting.
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The impact of noise and light pollution on voice activity of Blackbird (Turdus merula)
Vlach, Martin ; Zasadil, Petr (advisor) ; Musilová, Zuzana (referee)
Abstract
Cities represent a new environment where organisms are exposed to different environmental conditions than the original natural habitats. This is essentially a noise and light pollution. The growing number of studies show that these factors can have a significant impact on voice activity of birds.Light pollution may alter the timing of vocalization.Urban noise can overlay the acoustic signals of birds, change the melody, volume, and the timing of singing. The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the influence of noise and light pollution to voice activity Blackbird (Turdus merula). In 2015 it was recorded vocalizations to 4 types of sites: a) on the site only with noise pollution (unlit busy road), b) on the site only with light pollution (Parks), c) on location with noise and light pollution (busy roads in cities), d) on the site without the noise and light pollution (forests). Recording was done with the help of voice recorders from early March until the end of May when the weather was good (no strong winds and storms) every week to thoroughly map the seasonal voice activity of the birds. Quiet location and localities with noise pollution have been in the woods near the town of Beroun near the D5 highway. Locations with light and noisy pollution is found in Hradec Kralove and Prague. In each locality they were searched individuals Blackbird and placed recorder into their territory. The recordings were taken 180 minutes before sunset, throughout the night and morning was the end of the recording 180 minutes after sunrise. The results showed the influence of the sites primarily on the morning vocalization when in the localities affected by light and noise vocalized significantly earlier than the quiet and noisy areas. In the evening times was vocalization without significant differences. The greatest intensity of vocalizations Blackbird was light-noisy areas, opposite to others. The evening was the greatest intensity of the sound recorded in quiet locations. Finally, the night vocalization has been demonstrated only in localities light-noisy.
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Analýza environmentální situace lyžařských sjezdových areálů ve vybraném chráněném území
Rejchrt, Pavel
This thesis titled The analysis of the environmental situation of the downhill ski centres in the chosen protected area is aimed at identification of downhill skiing centres in the Protected landscape area (PLA) Orlické hory and evaluation of environmental impacts of their operation. For this purpose, I firstly defined potential impacts of skiing centres on the environment and society. Afterwards, I characterized the region of Protected landscape area Orlické hory putting emphasis on natural conditions and touristic utilization of the territory. Subsequently, I described particular skiing centres and pointed out the high-risk environmental factors. The evaluation shows, that the strongest environmental impacts in the area are caused by production of artificial snow, sound system installation, or noise in general and lighting during night skiing. Further impacts are caused by additional activities in the centres. With the skiing centres is also connected development of tourism in the PLA Orlické hory, which has impacts on the environment as well.
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Architectural lighting and desing particularity
Haluza, Miroslav ; Maixner, Tomáš (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
The goal of this thesis is make a list of theoretic routes outside (architectural) lighting and draw up accessible light fitting. Further are in those work included principle for handy suggestion architectural lighting after technical norms and practical recommendationthat the is necessary at projection hereof lighting adhere. Last but not least is here mentioned problems installation and upkeep architectural lighting and safeness and immunity electric arrangement.
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Analysis of temporal changes of light pollution of the Czech Republic during the last twenty years using satellite data.
SOKOLÍK, Jakub
This thesis deals with the problem of light pollution. In the theoretical part it brings description of the types of light pollution, effects on organisms, information about remote sensing and characteristics of satellites which are used to map light pollution. Time composition images from DMSP satellites (F10-F18) are processed in the practical part. Changes in light intensity for the period 1992 to 2013 are described using these images. During visual assessment the most noticeable changes were obvious when comparing 1992 and 2013, when significant growth of light pollution was especially visible around cities. Statistical evaluation showed increasing values in the categories which contain higher DN (digital number) value. This increase also represents a shift to a higher light intensity level. The results suggest that light pollution in the Czech Republic tends to grow.
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