|
|
Biofilm formation in probiotic cultures and its application in pharmacy
Ryšávka, Petr ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Vorlová, Lenka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The work was comprehensively focused on the development of adhesive forms of probiotics in the form of a biofilm on combined carriers with a prebiotic component. The second part dealed with the influence of food on the multiplication and survival of selected types of probiotic bacteria. Subsequently, the effect of individualized probiotic supplements on changes in the human intestinal microbiome was monitored. Suitable adherent probiotic strains for biofilm formation were selected and tested. Methods have been introduced and different variants of carriers for culturing and binding bacteria have been tested. In vitro experiments verified the stability of biofilm stucture and its resistance to low pH, bile and antibiotics in comparison with the planktonic cell form. The antimicrobial effect of probiotic strains in the form of a biofilm was studied. The cultivation of the multispecies biofilm on the combined carrier was optimized and the stability of the biofilm and the final viability of probiotic bacteria were confirmed. Furthermore, the influence of various foods and beverages on the viability of probiotic bacteria was evaluated with emphasis on the simulation of passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Both models, solutions with standardised concentrations of alcohol, sugar, salts, proteins or different pH and different types of real foods and beverages were tested. The effect of food and beverages was tested on monocultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve and on probiotic capsules containing a mixed culture of probiotic microorganisms. The survival of probiotics in various food matrices in the simulated gastrointestinal tract was quantitatively different. We managed to define foods suitable for supporting the multiplication of probiotic bacteria. A separate part of the work was focused on the targeted modulation of the intestinal microbiome by individualized probiotics that were prepared on the basis of molecular biological analyzes of the intestinal microbiome aimed at detecting the percentage of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Personalized probiotic supplementation confirmed the positive effect of this approach on microbiome changes, especially on the increase of the content of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and the overall diversity of the microbiome.
|
|
|
Biodostupnost vitamínu C z různých zdrojů
Gabrhelová, Lucie
Vitamin C is classified as a hydrophilic vitamin and performs several functions in the human body. It is necessary to obtain it from food, because people have lost the ability to create it due to evolution. Fruits and vegetables are the most important food sources. It is a relatively unstable vitamin and its losses can occur during food processing. Therefore, there are gentler methods of adjustment by which it is possible to limit the given losses. In order to increase stability and thus bioavailability, other methods are also used, most often different types of encapsulation. In addition to food, vitamin C can also be obtained from dietary supplements. These are available on the market in several forms, which differ not only in price or appearance, but above all in the bioavailability of vitamin C itself. The most effective form is liposomal vitamin C, which is in this form able to ensure high bioavailability of vitamin C.
|
|
|
Horizontální přenos genů rezistence mezi bakteriemi
Valach, Radek
Transfer of bacterial antibiotic resistence is highly discussed topic in past years. Its spreading is reason of creating super-resistant bacterial strains, that are resistant to a wide range of conventionally used drugs. Zinc oxide, used in pig farming as a feed supplement, has in recent years replaced antibiotics, given to prevent gastrointestinal disease and to promote growth. These substituent may increase transfer of genetic elements carying antibiotic resistence genes. This thesis is focussed on possible influence of zinc oxide and its nanoparts on Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the action of ZnO and ZnONPs would increase the transfer of a resistance gene plasmid between bacteria through the process of conjugation.
|
|
|
Levels of vitamin D in relation to respiratory diseases up to 19 years of age
KRAUS, Petr
Introduction: The positive effects of vitamin D on the human body are frequently discussed and investigated by numerous studies, both foreign and domestic, and its serum levels are closely monitored in relation to diseases. Vitamin D has positive effects on the immune system, influences intestinal calcium transport, is important for proper mental and physical development and growth of children, even during pregnancy, and helps prevent lung diseases. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between blood vitamin D levels and respiratory diseases in children. Methodology: Serum vitamin D levels and their relationship to respiratory diseases were also monitored in relation to gender and season (summer and winter). Sample: Blood samples were collected from 127 respondents aged 2 months to 18 years, including both healthy and sick individuals, for vitamin D levels. Data collection and processing for healthy children were approved by their parents (Appendix 1). Blood samples were collected over a period of two years at a healthcare facility in the South Bohemian region. The results were evaluated in two borderline groups, at 50 and 75 nmol/L. Furthermore, the vitamin D content of 10 diets of these children was processed and evaluated. The resulting values of vitamin D levels also included studied diets. Results: The results did not confirm the expected relationship between vitamin D levels and respiratory tract diseases in children in either borderline group at 50 and 75 nmol/L. However, partial effects on the respiratory tract were confirmed. Discussion: The author attempts to explain why the hypothesis was not clearly confirmed.
|
|
|
Preventivní opatření ke snižování prevalence anémie v důsledku nedostatečné výživy - porovnání strategií Egypta a Afghánistánu
Coufalová, Andrea
Coufalová, A., Preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of anemia due to insufficient nutrition – a comparison of Egypt and Afghanistan strategies. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno. Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, 2022. The thesis is based on a comparison of strategies to reduce the prevalence of anemia due to insufficient nutrition in two developing countries where the occurrence of anemia is a significant problem. Nutritional anemia currently represents a major problem of food security, which is caused primarily by the intake of food insufficient to cover the daily need for vitamins and minerals. More specifically, it was Egypt and Afghanistan, with each country trying to reduce the incidence of nutritional anemia in a different way. The comparison of the strategies of the two selected countries was based on the results of data available on the official websites of both individual countries and international institutions. The economic level was also compared to the possibility of comparing strategies and justifying causal ones. The strategy to reduce the prevalence of anemia in Egypt was found to be more successful than the strategy implemented in Afghanistan. The reason for these results was the different socio-economic level of the two countries, the political situation and other investigated factors that have an incalculable impact on nutrition. Fortification of basic food, which is a suitable tool to reduce nutritional anemia in the lower strata of the population and was successful in Egypt, cannot be implemented in developing countries in which a strong role of the state apparatus to promote long-term strategic goals does not work.
|
|
|
Intake of the D vitamin at children in older school age
SALZEROVÁ, Eliška
Recent scientific research speaks of the vast importance of Vitamin D concerning our health. It is widely known that vitamin D affects the metabolism of calcium. Moreover, new evidence recently came to light about its positive effects on areas outside the immune system. It also impacts a child's proper growth and development, nervous system functioning, and creation and growth of neurons. Up to 60 % of European children suffer from Vitamin D deficiency. The reason for that can be insufficient intake of vitamin D-rich foods and inadequate time spent outside in the sunshine. I chose four goals for my bachelor's thesis. The first goal is to ascertain the amount of vitamin D that lower secondary school children intake orally. The second is to ascertain the significance of oral vitamin D supplements for lower secondary school children. The third goal is to ascertain the number of products with vitamin D content than lower secondary school children have in their diet. The last goal is to determine what part of dietary reference intake of vitamin D lower secondary school children take in from food. The method I chose to reach those goals was quantitative-qualitative. The sample consisted of 20 lower secondary school children from Písek and surrounding areas. For research methods, I decided on questionnaires and a weekly menu. Questionnaires allowed me to determine the number of products with vitamin D content that each subject consumed and information about potential supplements. The foods listed in the menus were input into the Nutriservis software, which calculated the vitamin D content in microgramms per day and week. Subsequently, I used the weekly vitamin D intake to calculate the percentage of its weekly oral dietary reference intake that the subjects take in. If the subject used supplements, I added that to the overall amount and again calculated the actual vitamin D taken in as a weekly oral dietary reference intake percentage. The questionnaire uncovered concerning products with vitamin D content, lower secondary school children prefer milk, or dairy products, and eggs. Another frequently consumed products were vegetable oils. Fish appeared in the diet once or twice per week. Almost half of the subjects did not eat liver at all. The results of the weekly menu made it clear that supplements are crucial to fulfilling the weekly oral dietary reference intake as, without them, none of the subjects would fulfil the weekly DRI Subjects that did use supplements were successful in 75 % of cases. Weekly oral dietary reference intake was fulfilled by six out of eight subjects using supplements. These results indicate that it is necessary to increase awareness of both children and parents about vitamin D intake.
|
|
|
Intake of the D vitamin at children at younger school age
PAVLÍČKOVÁ, Adéla
Vitamin D is an integral part of our diet. It is vital for a proper growth and development of a child. It affects development of bones, nervous system activity, neuron creation, and immune system. Currently, around 60% of European children suffer from its deficiency. Insufficient intake of vitamin D from animal sources can be the cause of the deficiency for this group. Up to 90% of vitamin D intake is caused by the sun. Thus, the cause of the deficit can also be the lowered time spent outside. I chose four goals for my bachelor's thesis. The first goal was to ascertain the amount of vitamin D that primary school children intake orally. The second goal I chose was to ascertain the significance of oral vitamin D supplements for primary school children. The third goal was to ascertain the number of products with vitamin D content that primary school children have in their diet. The last goal was to determine what part of dietary reference intake of vitamin D primary school children take in from food. The practical part dealt with the interpretation of the research results. The sample consisted of 20 subjects aged 6 to 12 years old, and the data were gathered in Písek and surrounding areas. The research method I chose was quantitative-qualitative. The data were gathered by questionnaires and menus. The questionnaires helped determine the number of products with vitamin D content that each subject consumed in a week. It also contained a question whether they supplement vitamin D. The menu helped determine the amount of vitamin D taken in from foods in a week. The collected data from menus were subsequently inputted into the Nutriservis software, which calculated the amounts of vitamin D in micrograms from the given foods. From these results, I calculated the overall weekly vitamin D intake and what percentage it made from the weekly oral dietary reference intake of vitamin D. If the subject used supplements, I added it to the calculation of weekly intake and determined the percentage of weekly oral dietary reference intake. The questionnaires indicate that among the most favourite products with vitamin D content are milk and dairy products. Less frequent but also significant are egg yolks and vegetable oils. Liver, however, was reportedly consumed by only three subjects out of 20 on a weekly basis. Based on the results, a conclusion can be drawn - vitamin D supplements play a significant role in the given age group. This claim is supported by the research results, which indicated that none of the subjects would have fulfilled the weekly oral dietary reference intake without vitamin D supplements. Currently supplementing were 8 out of 20 subjects. Seven out of the eight supplementing managed to fulfil the weekly oral dietary reference intake. These results indicate that it is necessary to increase awareness of both children and parents about vitamin D intake.
|
|
|
A systematic overview of the recommended amount of protein in elite sports and its reflection in the vegan diet
Vondrysová, Kristýna ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Title: A systematic overview of the recommended amount of protein in elite sports and its reflection in the vegan diet Goals: The aim of this work will be to identify whether there are vegan elite athletes who have participated in national / international competitions in sports such as weightlifting, strongman, powerlifting and placed third. Compare the individual recommendations for the volume of protein in the diet based on the vegan diet, and in this sense compare recommendations for the use of the vegan diet in elite sports. Method: This work is processed in the form of an overview study. The search for analysis was selected using the keywords: vegan elite athletes, vegan nutrition, elite sports nutrition, protein nutrition, strength sports. A total of 1077 studies formed the basis for the narrower selection of a total of 12 suitable studies for mutual comparison. The basic method is meta- analysis. Results: The average recommended values for protein intake are 1.8 ± 0.3 g / kg body weight. A total of 66% of the 12 analyzed studies agreed with the statement that vegan nutrition offers opportunities for the full representation of the protein component in the diet and thus creates the necessary prerequisites for achieving high sports performance. However, careful comprehensive diet design is...
|
|
|
Effects of single beta-alanine dose on performance at submaximal load
Šimsa, Jáchym ; Sýkora, Karel (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Effects of single beta-alanine dose on performance at submaximal load Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single beta-alanine dose on blood-lactate level in capilary blood and whether it will affect the speed of passing the test. Methods: A double-blinded cross-over study conducted on 16 male students of Military Department at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Charles University (mean ± SD: weight 79,31 ± 6,97 kg; height 181,56 ± 6,36 cm; age 21,63 ± 1,45 yrs). The study was performed in Military Sport Centre Pilotů 217/12, 161 00, Prague. Each volunteer underwent two performance tests after consuming either placebo (maltodextrine) or beta-alanine (50 mg/kg). Time needed to complete the test and blood-lactate concentration before and during 5th and 10th minute after completion was measured. Volunteers also filled a short questionnarie regarding subjectively percieved load and side effects, and whether they were administered beta-alanine (BA) or placebo (PLA). For verification of normal distribution were used Q-Q Plots and statistical significance of BA use was determined using student's t-test. Results: Measured lactate concentrations were (mean ± SD; mmol/l) for BA in min 0 = 1,29 ± 0,37; min 5 = 11,48 ± 1,45; min 10 = 10,64 ± 1,76; PLA in min 0...
|
|
|
Utilization of nutritional supplements at elite athletes
Teclová, Julie ; Coufalová, Klára (advisor) ; Jandová, Tereza (referee)
Title: Utilization of nutritional supplements at elite athletes Objectives: The aim of the bachelor's thesis was to determine the character and current trends in the use of nutritional supplements by the top athletes in various sports. The partial goal was to compare the results of the use of nutritional supplements and to develop feedback for individual companies selling sports supplements. Methods: A questionnaire survey was used to collect data, containing open and closed questions regarding the use of nutritional supplements. It also contained questions in what form athletes use supplements, the main reasons for use, at what frequency and what are the preferred brands of supplements. The survey was sent in electronic form to 33 respondents who practice top-level sports in the Czech Republic. Results: It was found that all the surveyed individuals take nutritional supplements. By the endurance athletes, the claim that they prefer supplements with an excitatory effect in combination with supplements leading to weight reduction has been confirmed. It was also proven that more than 50 % of respondents prefer a particular brand of nutritional supplements and do not plan to change it, and more than 50 % of athletes surveyed use supplementation daily. It was also found that elite athletes prefer the...
|
guest ::
