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Sublethal effects of the insecticides neonicotinoids on spider's migration and predatory abilities
Přibáňová, Gabriela ; Řezáč, Milan (advisor) ; Korenko, Stanislav (referee)
This research deals with impacts of pesticide substances on spider populations. In this case pesticides of the neonicotinoids classes were tested. Specific neonicotinoids were applied to different of spiders which were collected in various localities and at some stage of development - nymph, adult or subadult individuals. The diploma thesis analyzes and the documents the effects of neonicotinoids to spiders. The results show that some pesticides can have a significant negative effect to locomotion, predation, ballooning, drop or to spiders mortality. Keywords: spider, arthropod, pesticides, insecticides, neonicotinoids, sublethal effects, mortality, EthoVision XT, locomotion, drop, ballooning, predation, Philodromus, Oedothorax, Pardosa, Xerolycosa, Phylloneta
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Analysis of sex chromosomes and gene clusters in selected mygalomorph and araneomorph spiders
Pappová, Michaela ; Král, Jiří (advisor) ; Johnson Pokorná, Martina (referee)
1 Abstract: The diploma thesis focuses on study of sex chromosomes evolution and repetitive organized genes of chosen mygalomorph and araneomorph spiders. Spiders are characterized by complexicity of sex chromosome systems, their karyotypes contain multiple sex chromosomes X. Besides multiple X chromosomes they also contain a pair or two pairs of nondiferentiated sex chromosomes X and Y. The used methods include methods of classical cytogenetics (preparation of chromosome slides, C-banding) and methods of molecular cytogenetics (fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genome hybridization). Complex sex systems were discovered in the studied Theraphosidae spiders. In Theraphosidae spiders Atropothele socotrana and Poecilotheria vittata neo-sex chromosomes were found. Analysis of molecular differentiation of sex chromosomes suggests low differentiation of Y chromosome in neo-sex chromosomes and pair of nondifferentiated sex chromosomes XY. In haplogyne spider Kukulcania aff. hibernalis (X1X2Y), the Y chromosome was significantly differentiated, male specific signal covered the whole chromosome. Detection of 18S rDNA showed that karyotypes of majority of analysed Theraphosidae spiders and haplogyne spiders contain low number (1 or 2) of nucleolar organizing regions localized terminally, which...
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Karyotype analysis of mesothelid spiders
Prokopcová, Lenka ; Král, Jiří (advisor) ; Zrzavá, Magda (referee)
Cytogenetics of mesothelid spiders is largely unkown. The presented diploma thesis is focused on the karyotype evolution of these spiders. As it is the most basal group of spiders, the analysis of its cytogenetics can bring important data about ancestral spider karyotype. In the framework of my thesis, I analysed diploid chromosome numbers, chromosome morphology, meiotic division, sex chromosomes and the pattern of selected molecular markers that were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. According to my results, mesothelid spiders have a high number of chromosomes and the prevalence of monoarmed chromosomes. Unlike other spiders, mesothelids have little differentiated sex chromosomes. Key words: evolution, spider, chromosome, karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, nucleolar organiser region, sex chromosomes
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Implementation of kinematics algorithms for the four legged mobile robot
Králík, Jan ; Appel, Martin (referee) ; Sova, Václav (advisor)
The goal of the work is restore a quadruped walking spider-type robot named Jaromír. Part of the work is a body design that is then printed on a 3D printer. Another part is the design and creation of a new control board, which’ll include sensor equipment appropriate for robot operation. Subsequently, the thesis deals with the design of the tactile sensor’s and their fitting on the legs. The final part is implementation of the algorithm for robot control. The goal was to put the model to a state where it could be used for learning and presentations.
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Karyotype analysis of mygalomorph spiders of the families Hexathelidae and Dipluridae
Hrubá, Barbora ; Král, Jiří (advisor) ; Sember, Alexandr (referee)
Cytogenetics of spiders of the infraorder Mygalomorphae is largely unknown. My thesis is focused on the karyotype evolution of spiders of families Hexathelidae Dipluridae, which are basal groups of the superfamily Avicularioidea. In this thesis the evolution of diploid chromosome number, chromosome morfology, and also sex chromosomes are studied. The karyotypes of the mygalomorphs are quite interesting for their diversity. Many members of the family Hexathelidae exhibit extreme systems of a chromosomal sex determination which are composed by many gonosomes X. The meiotic division of males is analyzed. Some species exhibit modifications of this division such as achiazmatic meiosis. Selected markers have been detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Keywords: evolution, fluorescent in situ hybridization, karyotype, nucleolus organizer region, sex chromosomes, spider
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A Low Voltage Wiring System for an Office Block
Nestrojil, Martin ; Slavata, Petr (referee) ; Kadlec, Radim (advisor)
This paper describes the design of a low voltage network in an office building. In the beginning work is given for the theoretical part of the topics that we need to create a network design in a given building. In this part of the guiding principles are conductor sizing, fuse wires and a selection of protective devices. Everything was sought in scientific publications and Articles. The theoretical part will be followed by a practical part with the first adjusted underlying schema, and then will address a practical design using programs supplied by the company Eaton. The goal of this work is to get acquainted theoretically with the main principles of network design, and then practically with your programs and create a complete network design of the building.
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Vliv hospodářských zásahů na změnu v biologické rozmanitosti ve zvláště chráněných územích: Monitorování změn biologické rozmanitosti v NPR Bohdanečský rybník a rybník Matka
Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Pardubice ; Paclík, Martin ; Veselý, Jiří ; Rejl, Jiří ; Kopecká, Lenka ; Zárubová Prausová, Romana
Od roku 1995 probíhá v NPR soustavný zoologický a od roku 1999 botanický průzkum, jejichž cílem je zachytit změny druhové diverzity s realizací managementových a revitalizačních opatření. Ve všech biotopech probíhá botanická inventarizace, v lučních a lesních biotopech bylo v roce 2000 provedeno fytocenologické snímkování, na revitalizovaných plochách probíhá snímkování v liniových transektech. Zoologický průzkum byl od roku 1995 zaměřen především na obratlovce. Mimo obratlovců byli koncem 90. let také zpracováni vodní měkkýši a pavouci. Od roku 1998 je prováděn průzkum vážek, v roce 1999 byl započat průzkum denních motýlů.
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