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Long-term trends in the development of unemployment at the municipal level in selected countries of Central Europe
Sauerová, Kristýna ; Netrdová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Šťastná, Simona (referee)
The main aim of this master's thesis is to reveal patterns in spatial differentiation of unemployment at the municipal level in selected Central European countries and its changes in the new millennium. For this purpose, Central Europe is defined as the area of Poland, Czechia, Hungary, Austria, Slovakia, and Slovenia. This research is focused on the identification of spatial clusters of unemployment rates in selected countries by using advanced spatial and statistical methods, such as the Hot Spot Analysis. The outputs of the analysis categorize all municipalities into two main groups - clusters with high unemployment rates and clusters with low unemployment rates. Thereafter, these two categories are subjected to detail quantitative research, which examines their stability over the selected period (from 2005 to 2021). A cluster membership for each municipality is further explained by binary logistic regression models using also spatial, size, and resistance determinants. Finally, the results are explained in historical, social, and economic contexts from the socio-economic geographical view of each country. The analysis work with a database of unemployment rate consisting of data provided by national statistical and labour offices. Data from each office was collected, edited, and entered into a...
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Evaluation of Long-Term Land Use Changes in Czechia at Different Scale Levels
Janoušek, Zbyněk ; Bičík, Ivan (advisor) ; Kupková, Lucie (referee)
Long-term evolution of nature-society interactions can be studied by using data of land use change. In the thesis is used a detailed statistical database of Czechia (developed at Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science). The database allows monitoring changes of eight categories of land use in the period 1845-2000. Attention is devoted to the growing differentiation of land use at different scale levels, the thesis is concentrated on functional specialization of czech regions. Deepening division of labour between regions is reflected by increasing territorial concentration of land use. This process is monitored by using three methods. Ternary plots present an overview of the differentiation trends of land use. Spatial autocorrelation methods present the general development and specific areas of functional specialization in Czechia. A review by territorial heterogeneity rate provides a detailed look at the change of territorial concentration of land use. The thesis operates with three territorial classifications (hydrological, geomorphological and administrative) at two regional levels and the level of Czechia. Results are interpreted using the driving forces (such as technological development, economics, historical events, society). The final part of the thesis compares the development of...
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Primary School Pupil Numbers and Demographic Change in Czech Municipalities
Kusovská, Marie ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kučerová, Silvie Rita (referee) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
Primary School Pupil Numbers and Demographic Change in Czech Municipalities Abstract Following a sharp fall in fertility to its historical minimum after 1990, the population of Czechia began to increase again gradually. Consequently birth cohorts of varying size are emerging and these then enter the education system. Moreover suburbanisation has led to a change in population distribution. These factors have mean that in some areas primary school capacity does not reflect the numbers of primary school age children, with some schools having insufficient places and others suffering from a lack of pupils. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse regional demographic change in Czechia after 1990, including changes in the spatial pattern of compulsory school age children (6-14 years). The information obtained is set against the changes in the spatial patterns of primary school pupils and maximum primary school capacity. The whole analysis is undertaken within the catchment regions for combined primary schools (schools that provide nine years of primary and middle school education), which were created on the basis of the shortest road distance from the district to the nearest combined primary school. Webb's graphs were used along with spatial autocorrelation since these are appropriate methods for conducting...
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Spatial approaches to hedonic modelling of housing market: Prague case
Lipán, Marek ; Křehlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Troch, Tomáš (referee)
Having at hands instruments capable of effective housing appraisal can be essential not only for the real property evaluator in a bank, policy maker or real estate agent, but also for single individual seeking for an objective way to assess the tenure choice decisions. The housing market data are of a spatial nature. We address the spatial issues by implementing spatial modelling techniques into a hedonic price model. The main focus of the thesis is put on building a kriging model, which shows to be a powerful tool in explaining and predicting the prices of housing in the Prague at market. The kriging model comes out the best from the comparison of performance with the traditional spaceless hedonic pricing model as well as the common econometric spatial models. The usefulness of our kriging model is demonstrated in a possible application as the extension of the net present value model of the optimal tenure choice for a prospective first home owner. In a simplified economic scenario we found that the optimality of the tenure choice depends on the inflation, expected holding period as well as the precise location of the flat in the Prague.
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Primary School Pupil Numbers and Demographic Change in Czech Municipalities
Kusovská, Marie
Primary School Pupil Numbers and Demographic Change in Czech Municipalities Abstract Following a sharp fall in fertility to its historical minimum after 1990, the population of Czechia began to increase again gradually. Consequently birth cohorts of varying size are emerging and these then enter the education system. Moreover suburbanisation has led to a change in population distribution. These factors have mean that in some areas primary school capacity does not reflect the numbers of primary school age children, with some schools having insufficient places and others suffering from a lack of pupils. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse regional demographic change in Czechia after 1990, including changes in the spatial pattern of compulsory school age children (6-14 years). The information obtained is set against the changes in the spatial patterns of primary school pupils and maximum primary school capacity. The whole analysis is undertaken within the catchment regions for combined primary schools (schools that provide nine years of primary and middle school education), which were created on the basis of the shortest road distance from the district to the nearest combined primary school. Webb's graphs were used along with spatial autocorrelation since these are appropriate methods for conducting...
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Development of housing construction in the context of regional population development in Czechia
Janda, Martin ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Development of housing construction in the context of regional population development in Czechia Abstract The main aim of the thesis is to analyze and describe the development of housing construction in the context of regional population development in the Czech Republic in the years 2000- 2019. Spatial autocorrelation (LISA) and Webb's graph, which is used in analyzes of regional population development, were used for data analysis. Areas with above-average and, on the contrary, below-average housing construction are observed in four five-year periods. These areas are mutually compared in terms of their population development. The main result of the thesis is the confirmation of the assumption that in most cases, areas with above-average housing construction are also characterized by above-average population growth and are located in the hinterland of large cities (especially Prague) as part of the suburbanization process. Keywords: population development, housing construction, Webb's graph, spatial autocorrelation, Czechia
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The spatial analysis of the 2018 Czech presidential election results in the capital city of Prague
Vratný, Radek ; Lepič, Martin (advisor) ; Šimon, Martin (referee)
The 2018 Czech presidential election were profoundly controversial and polarising event. One of the polarising factors was a perception that the voting behaviour in the capital city of Prague is significantly different compared to the voting behaviour in the rest of Czechia. Therefore, the primary objective of this thesis is to examine the electoral support of both runoff voting candidates across the territory of the capital city of Prague. The main part of the analysis focuses on the spatial differentiation of the election results of both candidates at the level of Prague's polling districts and on searching for the spatial clusters of electoral support. For the purpose of the study the methods of the exploratory spatial data analysis were used, specifically the global and local statistics of spatial autocorrelation. Subsequently, the thesis attempts to clarify which factors determined the voting behaviour through testing the socio-economic and demographic indicators using the method of multinomial linear regression. The analysis proved that the spatial differentiation of the election results of both candidates is significant across the territory of Prague and detected the spatial clusters of electoral support. The analysis also clarified that this voting behaviour can be explained particularly by...
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Analysis of the differentiation of financial indicators of companies in the Czech Republic by sector and location of the headquarters
Šebík, Jan ; Pláničková, Markéta (advisor) ; Pham, Hoang Long (referee)
The goal of this diploma thesis was to verify the hypothesis about the differentiation of financial indicators by sector and location of the company's headquarters. For the purpose of the paper, four divisions were selected in the CZ-NACE classification, including 21 645 analysed units in the years 2010 to 2015. The sectoral indicators used in the financial analysis were calculated for the following branches - profitability, liquidity, indebtedness and activity. In addition to the sector, other factors were tested for statistically significant differences in averages - the size of the company and the size of the municipality where the company is located. Part of the analysis of the influence of the location of the company's headquarters was testing of global spatial autocorrelation using Moran's I criterion. One of the outcomes is whether it is important to include the sectoral factor, company size and location of the headquarters in the financial analysis when comparing with sectoral indicators.
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Primary School Pupil Numbers and Demographic Change in Czech Municipalities
Kusovská, Marie ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kučerová, Silvie Rita (referee) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
Primary School Pupil Numbers and Demographic Change in Czech Municipalities Abstract Following a sharp fall in fertility to its historical minimum after 1990, the population of Czechia began to increase again gradually. Consequently birth cohorts of varying size are emerging and these then enter the education system. Moreover suburbanisation has led to a change in population distribution. These factors have mean that in some areas primary school capacity does not reflect the numbers of primary school age children, with some schools having insufficient places and others suffering from a lack of pupils. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse regional demographic change in Czechia after 1990, including changes in the spatial pattern of compulsory school age children (6-14 years). The information obtained is set against the changes in the spatial patterns of primary school pupils and maximum primary school capacity. The whole analysis is undertaken within the catchment regions for combined primary schools (schools that provide nine years of primary and middle school education), which were created on the basis of the shortest road distance from the district to the nearest combined primary school. Webb's graphs were used along with spatial autocorrelation since these are appropriate methods for conducting...
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