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Mléčná užitkovost plemene Brown Swiss ve vybraném chovu
MACHÁČKOVÁ, Kamila
Milk yield control in cows is a crucial activity in cattle farming, providing valuable information for breeders and geneticists. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the individual milk yield controls of the Brown Swiss breed in a selected breeding program. The number of cows monitored for yield control over two years remained approximately twenty head. The values of milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, lactose and somatic cells were monitored.
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Mléčná užitkovost kozy bílé krátkosrsté a hnědé krátkosrsté ve vybraném chovu
KRAMEŠOVÁ, Jaroslava
Goats have recently become popular for breeding. They are breeding mainly for meat and milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of goats in gene reserves in the Czech Republic. The average milk yield for years the 2020 to 2022 for a white shorthaired goat is 296,0 kg per standardized lactation and for brown shorthaired goats is 270,1 kg. The average fat content of milk for white shorthaired goats is 4,34 % and for brown shorthaired goats is 4,27 % in the monitored period. The protein content of a white shorthaired goat is 2,90 % and for brown shorthaired goat is similar (2,89 %). The last monitored substance was lactose. The average content lactose in milk for a white shorthaired goat is 4,29 % and for brown shorthaired goat is 4,24 %. Results show below the average milk yield but milk fat content was higher than average. This milk is better for example to make a cheese. The milk yield and the content of the individual components are genetically influenced. They can also be influenced by stress, nutrition, and other factors.
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Analýza úrovně výživy a vybraných ukazatelů v daném zemědělském podniku
FALTUSOVÁ, Tereza
The nutrition of dairy cows affects their yielding, health condition, fertility, and the overall economic results of the holding. Essential for the nutrition of dairy cows is the quality of the roughage, which affects the cost of feeding ration of the dairy livestock. This work evaluated the quality of fodder and its influence on selected indexes of a chosen agricultural holding during the year 2020. The evaluation concerned a Holstein cattle herd with an average quantity of 447 dairy cows. As mentioned above, the feeding ration affects the yielding of dairy cows. With the right amount of nutrients (nitrogen substances, energies, carbohydrates, fibre, fats, and mineral substances) in the feeding ration we might achieve higher amounts of components in milk (fat, proteins, and lactose). If the feeding ration is suitably designed, health issues (metritis, mastitis, and limping) do not occur in the herd. The fodder quality, yielding, and health condition of the herd affect the economics of the holding. The base for the feeding ration was roughage, which constituted 54 % of the feeding ration. Specifically, corn silage and protein silage constituted 27 % of the fodder dry mass. The milk components showed an average amount of 4,11 % of fat and 3,45 % of protein. The costs of 1 l of milk were in the year 2020 9,52 Kc/1 l on average and the purchase price of milk was 8,69 Kc/1 l on average.
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Optimalizace výživy a krmení v chovu dojeného skotu
ŠENKYPL, Petr
This master thesis focuses on factors affecting the quality of the diet in dairy cows and its relation with milk production. On the analysed farm breeding Holstein cattle, the feed rations are evaluated in terms of diet composition and optimal supply of energy and nutrients for milk production. The diet composition during the followed period and its optimisation, diet analyses and metabolic tests of the cattle are evaluated in this work.
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Systémy pro rychlé analýzy mléka v dojírnách
DURČANSKÁ, Michaela
The first part of my bachelor's thesis, consisting of a review of available literature sources, deals with the description of the properties and composition of cow's milk and the use of milk quality indicators in the management of dairy herds. Furthermore, this bachelor's thesis contains a detailed description of various types of milking parlors as well as criteria for their selection. The second part describes in-line milk analyzers that are available on the market and are used in the milking processes. Using various sensors, these analyzers measure milk components (proteins, fats, lactose, somatic cell count, enzymes, blood presence), milk properties (color, temperature, electrical conductivity) and the amount of milk milked in real time during milking from individual cows. In practice, milk analyzers from Afimilk, Lely, DeLaval, LIC Automation, Fullwood Packo, GEA and Boumatic are the most widely used ones. The basic disadvantage of analyzers is the lower accuracy of measurement compared to laboratories. To reach more accurate results of measurement, further research and development of these technologies is important. Potential methods include infrared spectroscopy, biosensors, or the ATP bioluminescence method. However, the inaccuracy of the results does not prevent those from being used in assessing changes in measured values and trends over time. Further development of a device that could directly determine the number of somatic cells in milk would be needed. This would make monitoring the incidence of mastitis more accurate than the previously used but less reliable changes in milk conductivity. The use of such a device would make the prevention and treatment of mastitis more effective, especially in robotic milking.
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Vyhodnocení mléčné užitkovosti vybraného chovu koz
KRAPKOVÁ, Adéla
The aim of this diploma thesis is to asses the effect of various factors on the milk production and its content in regard to goat's milk in the years 2015 to 2017. The evaluation was conducted on goat farm Richmond Stars in Chotětov. The farm currently accommodates 31 goats of the white shorthaired breed. They are still opting for the one rectangular space solution. The feeds consist of bulk fodder, silage, hay and grass (pasture during summer). The feed composure is the same throughout the whole year. The water supply system consists of water containers with manual refill. The goats are divided into groups based on their age. Milking takes place twice a day. The data on milk production was processed using Microsoft Excel and Statistica. When comparing the overall milk productivity with the average of Czech Republic, there were statistically significant differences found in the fat content in the year 2016, in the protein content in years 2015, 2016 and 2017, in the lactose content in the year 2015. In all cases, the Richmond Stars farm was the one with better score. Other results were evaluated as inconclusive and therefore no statistically significant difference was found. When considering the impact of the goat's age on the milk productivity and the goat's milk content, there was a statistically conclusive impact in the productivity (milking) itself as well as in the fat content. When observing the impact of the father-line on the productivity level and the milk content, there was a statistically conclusive result only in the fat content. When evaluating the impact of the period of birth on the milk productivity and milk content, there was a statistically conclusive impact on the fat and lactose content. All other results, specifically the productivity (milking), were evaluated as inconclusive and therefore were not statistically significant for the purpose of evaluation of the milk productivity characteristics.
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Zhodnocení vybraných ukazatelů mléka u ovcí plemene lacaune při aplikaci pastevního odchovu
Sedláková, Markéta
The aim of the thesis was to evaluation of the selected indicators for ewes breed la-caune in grazing rearing. On the basis of donations of milk at regular intervals and the subsequent analysis of the milk was carried out the evaluation of the individual indica-tors. Sheep's milk came from pure-bred ewes breed lacaune (LC). The ewes from which it was collected, milk, have been on the 2. lactation and an only child. The sheep, a breed of lacaune (LC) are kept at the farm top of the Areola. This farm currently has the largest number of pieces of pure-bred sheep breed lacaune in Czech Republic. Carried out with a total of 5 subscriptions from late April to early September in the intervals of 62. day, 90. day, 125. day, 153. day and 195. day of lactation. First was the evaluation of milk yield and the measurement of daily milk yield was carried out by means of mechanical milk rates. Immediately after collection the milk cooled, and transported to the analyses of individual components into specialized labo-ratories. In the stage of lactation in 2015, the average milk yield 1,68 l. Milk from these ewes contained an average of 18,00 % dry matter, fat 7,43 %, 5,16 % protein and lactose 4,67 %. It was furthen evaluated physical and chemical composition of milk, into which encompass the titratable acidy, pH. The average value was at pH 6,59 and the titratable acidy 9,96 SH. And the technological properties of the average length of rennet clotting time 113,2 seconds and rennet curd quality 1,60, holding shape.
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Effect of internal factors on milk production and quality
Zvonař, Miroslav ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Stupka, Roman (referee)
The theoretical part of my bachelor's thesis was focused on describtion of milked breeds of cattle and its breeding technique and technology, as well as diet and feed. I was trying to expleain effect of some inner factors such as genetic factors, health condition, reproductive indicators, lactation number and mastitis, on milk production and its quality. In practical demonstration, held in the Meclovska zemědělská Ltd. company on the farm Srby, the influence of these inner factors on milk production and its quality was observed.
Firstly, the research was focused on milk constituents proportions: protein, fat percentage and the number of somatic cells. Secondly, it was focused on performance evaluation during normal lactation, the age of the cattle when first calving, meantime, insemination interval and post partum interval. Data were found in the cattle performance inspection results from January 2015 to December 2015.
On this particular farm Srby, there are circa 660 cows of the Holstein cow breed. In this reported period the average volume of milk was 10 400 kg during normal lactation with the percentage of proteins 3,44 % and 3,84 % fat. The average amount of somatic cells was 354 thousand in 1 ml of milk.
Randomly chosen group of 100 pieces of cattle was selected for further research. The group was divided into two groups of 50 pieces of cattle. In the first group there were 50 first calf cows and in the second group there were cows on the second or higher level of lactation. The first group of first calf cows managed to produce in average of 9 521 kg of milk with 3,86 % of fat and 3,36 % of proteins. The average amount of somatic cells in 1 ml of milk was 72 thousand. In the second group consisted of cows on second or higher level of lactation, there were different results as the average milk production was higher 11 790 kg with average of 3,75 % of fat and 3,35 % of proteins. There was significantly less somatic cells in 1 ml of milk. The result was surprisingly great with 46 thousands somatic cells in 1 ml of milk.
First calf cows during the first calving were 741 days old on average. The average insemination interval in the first group of first calf was 72 days long and the average post partum interval was 102 days long. In the second group of cows on higher lactation level the average meantime was 396 days. The average insemination interval was 80 days and the average post- partum interval was 117 days, which is quite long and it could be implying to bad result, but we should consider high efficiency of observed dairy cows.
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Využití plemene bílá krátkosrstá koza v ČR
Minaříková, Marcela
In my bachelor thesis, entitled "Usage of breed white short-haired goat in Czech Republic", which is figure on origin of this breed and it's breed characteristic. In next part I will write about milk production of white short-haired goat and about factors, which influence this production. The main influences, which affect milk production, include breed, physical size, weight of the individual, age, the size and shape of the udder, lactation, date of birth, frequency of litter, nutrition and environmental temperature. In my thesis I also mention about population of goats in Czech republic and in this charter I describe which farms deal with breeding of short-haired goats and manufacturing milk products. Further in my thesis I look into chemical compounds of milk and description of its individual parts like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and dry matter. Next part of my thesis is concentrated on methods of rating sof lactation and quality of milk which part is also a description of laboratory analysis for designation in compounds like dry matter, fats, lactose, minerals, proteins and somatic cells in milk.
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Vliv vybraných reprodukčních ukazatelů na mléčnou užitkovost krav českého strakatého skotu ve vybraném chovu
Sokelová, Barbora
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of selected reproductive indicators on milk production of Czech Pied breed in the breeding of farm cooperatives (HD) Určice. The sources of the indicators was reviewed the interim and insemination index in cows and age at first calving in heifers. The components of milk were evaluated: protein percentage and kilograms, fat percentage and kilograms per lactation. Furthermore, to evaluate milk yield in kilograms of milk. In its own assessment of the impact of the above-mentioned indicators on milk production of cows were included 131 cows and 89 heifers. The results showed that the reproductive performance had no significant effect on milk and milk ingredients.
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