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Design of a Crash-Test Dummy
Sedláčková, Martina ; Coufal, Tomáš (referee) ; Bilík, Martin (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is construction of crash test dummy for vehicle-pedestrian crash tests. There is review of nowadays used crash test dummies types in the introduction of this thesis. This is followed by part describing construction itself. Chapter about construction begins by characterizing of used materials features in relation with real human body physiology. Main part of chapter is describing construction of crash test dummy’s skeleton and its individual components including 3D modelling and strength analysis. Thesis is finished by cost assessment.
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Biomechanical Study of Cranial Implants
Chamrad, Jakub ; Henyš,, Petr (referee) ; Fuis, Vladimír (referee) ; Florian, Zdeněk (advisor)
Tato práce s názvem Biomechanická studie lebečních implantátů se zabývá především výpočtovým modelováním jak nepoškozené lebky, tak i lebky s defektem a lebečním implantátem. Přístup řešení pro vyhodnocování deformačně-napěťových stavů systému lebka-implantát-fixační prvky byl prováděn pomocí výpočtového modelování metodou konečných prvků. Pro validní analýzy a interpretaci výsledků je třeba zvolit vhodnou úroveň výpočtových modelů. Výběr úrovně výpočtového modelu je z tohoto důvodu zásadním problémem, kterému jsou věnována značná část této práce. Bylo prokázáno, že volba úrovně má přímý vliv na hodnoty zkoumaných biomechanicky významných parametrů. Dalším faktorem, který ovlivňuje chování lebečního implantátu a jeho funkčnost, je rozměrová přesnost vyrobené kostní náhrady. Bylo pozorováno, že i malá rozměrová odchylka může způsobit změnu deformačně-napěťových stavů na lebce se zavedeným implantátem a způsobit tak rizikovou situaci z pohledu selhání implantátu nebo jeho fixace. Především způsob fixace implantátu bývá rizikový a snižuje spolehlivost implantátu. Je proto vhodné se na tuto oblast zaměřit a navrhnout možné způsoby zlepšení stávajících postupů nebo navrhnout nové způsoby fixace. Jedním ze zlepšení metody fixace implantátu k lebce může být použití hydroxyapatitového potahu na kontaktním rozhraní kost-implantát. To by mělo vést k oseointegraci, což je požadovaný efekt, který byl v této práci výpočtově modelován a vyhodnocován.
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Analysis and Modelling of Medical Images
Vrba, Jan ; Mekyska, Jiří (referee) ; Smékal, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this thesis is an analysis of assessment techniques face, and cephalometric evaluation methods that are suitable for treatment of jaw position and design methods for treatment of jaw. At the same time the emphasis is on studying the methods,java advance imaging, which are used for the curvature of the image and should be able to meet the objectives of the assignment. These adjustments can be made using the Warp. Result of this work is an application developed in JAVA programming language, which demonstrates the best method for modifying the image. This method is WarpGrid. The application was made in the development environment eclipse. With this application, depending on the mouse action is possible to modify the image.
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Detection of characteristic facial features in tele-X-ray image
Hruška, Martin ; Přinosil, Jiří (referee) ; Mišurec, Jiří (advisor)
Description cephalometric images and the characteristic points on the skull for cephalometric analysis. Theoretical analysis of digital image editing and image before the actual detection. The range of possible methods for determining the characteristic points on the face. Experimental verification of edge detectors, Hu moments with neural networks and Haar wavelets with Viola-Jones detector.
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Transformation
Mucha, Petr ; Sobotka, Jiří (referee) ; Gabriel, Michal (advisor)
Transforamtion sculpture points to what I as an author see as the only one truly meaningful fullfilment of human existence which is an abilty of self transformation. Finding the absolute destination.
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Craniocerebral injuries in motorbikers
HEJNOVÁ, Anna
This thesis focuses on the craniocerebral injuries in motorcyclists. It is divided into a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part I have described the anatomy of the human skull and the brain. I have also described the mechanics of injuries on a one track vehicle and the most common types of craniocerebral injuries which are the focus of my thesis. The last chapter focuses on the immediate care necessary in patients that have suffered cranial trauma. The practical part of my paper contains excerpts of interviews conducted at random with members of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Services. In this part of my thesis I focused on two goals. The first was to map out the knowledge of emergency workers which are not doctors regarding cranial cerebral injuries. The second was to find out their procedures in treating cranial trauma patients injured on motorcycles. This way I was able to map out the procedures used by non-medical emergency personnel when treating a motorcycle accident patient with craniocerebral injuries. To reach my conclusions I used a highly effective research method in which I questioned 10 informants in the form of a semistructured interview. The results of the interviews point to the fact that the non-medical emergency professionals have the theoretical knowledge of craniocerebral injuries and were able to name the particular symptoms and complications associated with them. However some of them were confused about some specifics. They were able to name the different types of these injuries. When it came to being able to name and identify the different types of helmets available most admitted that they weren't well informed. When it came to helmet removal the results were positive pointing to their awareness of the correct procedure. They also proved to be skilled in the placement of a neck brace/collar. When asked about therapy their answers were mostly chaotic.
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Morphological differences between the skulls of lions (Panthera leo) and tigers (Panthera tigris)
Šádková, Jolana ; Formanová, Dominika (advisor) ; Pyszko, Martin (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate possibilities of morphological differentiation of skulls of lions (Panthera leo) and tigers (Panthera tigris) for the purposes of control authorities supervising a trade with endangered species protected by CITES. Tiger skeletons are one of the black markets highly lucrative and plentifully traded goods. Tiger skeletons might be easily exchanged for those of the lions, therefore their distinction is crucially needed for the control authorities. Therefore, a literature search on the morphological differences between the skulls of these two large felids with a focus on non-metric features was carried out. The results of the study show a possibility of distinction between lion and tiger skulls, though different identification features are shown among studied papers. Morphological differences and characteristics of individual subspecies or populations, as well as differences between the sexes and differences caused by specific conditions during ontogenetic development (such as captive breeding) are discussed. The results of the bachelor's thesis suggest a high reliability of species identification by simultaneous usage of multiple morphological characteristics of skulls. However, this conclusion should still be verified by empirical examination of selected...
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Sexual dimorphism and interpopulation variability of the skull in time-distanced populations
Šutoová, Denisa ; Bejdová, Šárka (advisor) ; Suchá, Barbora (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with sexual dimorphism and interpopulation variability of skull morphology between recent Egyptian population and a historical population, which is not geographically distanced but originates from the Old Kingdom period (Egypt, 2700-2180 BC). Estimating sex and population affinity is an important part of the process of building a biological profile of unknown human remains, and the skull is one of the best parts of the skeleton to estimate these attributes. Sex estimation is based on the existence of sexual dimorphism, which is very population specific, and sex determination is more reliable when population-specific methods are applied. Therefore, it is required to perform population affinity estimation before sex determination. A total of 143 adult specimens were included in the analysis. 47 three-dimensional exocranial meshes of skulls of individuals originating from the Old Kingdom period (31 males and 16 females) and 96 CT images of the heads from the recent Egyptian population in the age range of 18-86 years. (49 males and 47 females). The material was evaluated using the methods of geometric morphometry. In the analysis of the form, significant differences between the sexes were found. The most sexually dimorphic areas were the supraorbital arches, glabella, arcus...
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Anatomical Changes on the Skeleton in the Evolution of Genus Homo
Hoffmannová, Valérie ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Schierová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the anatomical features on the skeletons of species Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensi, Homo sapiens and Homo naledi. For each type are described those features which characterize it. Emphasis is placed on changes in the anatomy of the skull and pelvis, but they are also mentioned other features typical for the species. Part of this work is to outline the mobility and function of the skeleton. Information about individual species are supplemented by a description of external signs which are due to the anatomy of the skeleton. Keywords: Anatomy, Morphology, skeleton, skull, pelvis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, Homo naledi
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Postnatal Ontogenesis of the Skull of the Pond Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta)
Čtrnáctová, Lenka ; Brejcha, Jindřich (advisor) ; Soukup, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis focuses on the descriptive analysis of skull morphology of the pond slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). The general approach was an osteological preparation of the skulls and photographic documentation (following standardised procedures) of a larger sample of specimens. The collected data was used as a background for subsequent GMM analyses. Main hypotheses of this project were: 1) the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic; 2) the skull of T. s. elegans constitutes of several independent modules. The objective of this thesis was therefore to describe the postnatal ontogenesis of the model taxon and to determine the developmental trends of its cranial structures. It was shown that the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic in shape mainly due to differences in allometric growth. These differences probably reflect different nutritional requirements. The skull of T. s. elegans is formed out of four modules. These are: facial, central, basicranial, and possibly also zygomatic-pterygoideal modules.
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