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Medical standing devices
Vadják, Šimon ; Ronzhina, Marina (referee) ; Kolářová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis deals with patient verticalization and medical standing devices, which we use for this purpose. These findings are particularly important for rehabilitation and nursing care and also for the development of new standing devices. The bachelor‘s thesis describes the basic con¬cepts of human motor skills, the effect of changing position on the human organism, an overview of medical standing devices and their comparison. Thesis deals with comparison of the technical pa¬rameters of two standing devices more closely, standing device BALANCE Trainer and STOJ. The final part is devoted to measuring blood pressure using the noninvasive, continuous method of measuring at a group of wheelchair users during verticalization. I created a program with a graphical interface which allows measured data to load, display and measure, in numerical compu-ting environment MATLAB (version 7.9.0-R2009B). The results were statistically tested in the same numerical computing environment.
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Tensiomyography – measurement uncertainty analysis
Sikorová, Pavlína ; Mornstein, Vojtěch (referee) ; Vlk, Daniel (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the analysis of measurement uncertainty during the tensiomyographic measuring. Seven factors have been suggested (i.e. uncertainties), that may cause an error in measurement. Their influence on the measured parameters was tested in a series of experiments on m. biceps femoris and m. biceps brachii of two subjects. The results of these tests were then compared with the referential values from the physiotherapist and the device manufacturer. Based on this comparison, the extent of uncertainty of diagnostically essential parameters Dm and Dc has been designated. Dm is heavily influenced by six parameters out of seven, whereas Tc is influenced only by one.
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Effect of Exercise on Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue
Gazdová, Tatiana ; Horáková, Olga (advisor) ; Tauchmannová, Kateřina (referee)
Obesity and old age are more prevalent among the current human population than ever before. Increased fat accumulation and hormonal dysregulation are common hallmarks of both these states. It is well reported that both states are associated with impaired lipolysis and glucose homeostasis as a result of disrupted metabolic pathway signalling. Current research offers exercise as a possible remedy, which could improve substrate handling in obesity and old age. Increased energy expenditure, myokine production, and improved insulin sensitivity are all potential benefits of exercise that could mitigate the health risks associated with obesity and ageing. In this work we aim to explore the effect of acute endurance exercise protocol on lipolytic activity of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue depots of lean and young, obese, and aged mice. By the addition of forskolin, isoproterenol, and insulin into the explant media we hope to assess the functionality of β-adrenergic signalling in our subjects. Post exercise lipolytic rate, measured as non-esterified fatty acid release, increased in both depots in all test groups. Glycerol release did not follow the same pattern. Additionally, lipolytic rate, measured as non-esterified fatty acid release, in visceral adipose tissue was higher in samples from...
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Observing of the skeletal muscle shape changes depending on human body surface temperature
Frýdová, Aneta ; Stupka, Martin (advisor) ; Otáhal, Martin (referee)
Title: Observing of the skeletal muscle shape changes depending on human body surface temperature Objectives: The aim of this work is to observe the cross-section changes of the m. rectus femoris depending on human body surface temperature changes. The cross section of the muscle was characterized by two dimensions: VDDM (ventrodorsal dimension of muscle) and LMDM (lateromedial dimension of muscle). The body temperature was affected by local positive and negative thermotherapy methods. Methods: The first part of the experiment focused on the selection of appropriate local positive and negative thermotherapy forms. Four of them were selected (two positive thermotherapy methods - Peat thermotherapy bags and infrared heater InfraPhil HP3616 and two negative thermotherapy methods - gel bag Cryoflex and Cryogen 3 device) for the main research. Twelve subjects participated on the main experiment. Selected local positive thermotherapy methods were applied on the centre of the subject's thighs, subsequently selected negative thermotherapy methods were applied. The body surface temperature was measured immediately before application, after 30 minutes of positive thermotherapy and after subsequent negative thermotherapy application. Ultrasound images of m. rectus femoris were taken at same time. VDDM and...
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Influence of alcohol on the contractile properties of skeletal muscle
Vrba, Matěj ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Influence of alcohol on the contractile properties of skeletal muscle Objectives: To identify the impact of alcohol to contractile attribute (Tc - contraction time and Dm - maximal displacement) m. rectus femoris. Method: The diploma thesis corresponds with empirically-theoretical based study. The research has a character of a quasiexperiment. The measured participants were consisted of students (n = 8) of Military Department (VO) and students (n = 3) of civilian (TVS) of attending full-time studies at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport (FTVS) of Charles University (UK) in Prague. There were used the methods of descriptive statistics to describe it - rate position (arithmetic mean) and a measure of variability (standard deviation). Contractile attributes (Tc, Dm) were measured on the device TGM 100 at an electricity current intensity 80 mA. To analyse the normality of data was used Kolmogorov-Smirkov's test. For further calculations was used parametric method one-way ANOVA for repeated measurements were used statistical significance. For statistical processing was used computer program IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and the individual dose of alcohol relative to body weight was administered in three rounds at 20 minute intervals. Results: The average Tc was 33.23 ± 3.45 ms for the first...
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Maturation of AMPK in skeletal muscle during early postnatal development
Hansíková, Jana ; Janovská, Petra (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee)
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important metabolic sensor in eukaryotic organisms and it plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis, at both the cells and the whole organism. AMPK controls glucose and lipid metabolism by direct stimulation of enzymes or by long term stimulation of the gene expression of energy metabolism. Skeletal muscles significantly contribute to the total body weight and metabolic rate and to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Due to the ability of the muscle to increase energy expenditure to 95% of whole-body energy expenditure, could be the proper development and programming of metabolism in the early postnatal period crucial for the further development of the organism in adulthood. Early postnatal development leads to substantial changes in energy requirements of the body and this suggests the significant involvement of AMPK in this period. The aim of this thesis was to study the activity and expression of isoforms of the catalytic subunit of AMPK in skeletal muscle during early postnatal development of both mouse strains A/J and C57BL/6 that differ in the development of diet-induced obesity. The next task was to analyze the expression of selected genes involved in energy metabolism - GLUT4, PGC-1α and UCP3 that AMPK regulates. It was found that the...
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The effect of intensity of voluntary isometric contraction on rheological characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue in vivo, in situ
Kopecká, Barbora ; Bittner, Václav (advisor) ; Jelen, Karel (referee)
Title: The effect of intensity of voluntary isometric contraction on rheological characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue in vivo, in situ Objectives: The main aim of this study is to determine the effect of intensity of isometric voluntary contraction of skeletal muscle on its viscoelastic characteristics. The work also aims to contribute to the verification of myotonometer as an objective diagnostic instrument and compares it to known methods for evaluation of muscle tone, or its partial characteristics. Methods: We used myotonometer - utility model 29456 for evaluation of changes of stiffness and viscous behavior of skeletal muscle in vivo, in situ in 20 healthy volunteers. The values were compared during 0%, 20%, 35% and 50% of maximal strength of isometric contraction of finger flexors, controlled by hand-held dynamometer. Results: We concluded that both stiffness and viscous behavior of skeletal muscle increases with higher intensity of isometric voluntary contraction. Keywords: myotonometer, skeletal muscle, viscous behavior, stiffness, muscle tone
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Factors affecting glucose metabolism and inflammatory response in critically ill patients
Kotulák, Tomáš ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Maruna, Pavel (referee) ; Šenolt, Ladislav (referee)
Hyperglycemia in critically ill patients was considered for many years an adaptive response to stress conditions being present in both patients with and without previous history of diabetes. Hyperglycemia is caused mainly by peripheral insulin resistance induced by the factors acting counteracting insulin signalling at the postreceptor level. Furthermore, hyperglycemia itself can then increase serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (Il-6) and interleukin-8 (Il- 8) and others. On the contrary, peripheral insulin resistance induced by pro- inflammatory cytokines may further potentiate hyperglycemia. White adipose tissue represents in addition to its energy storage function also a very active endocrine active organ. In addition to regulation of a number of metabolic processes it also significantly modulates the inflammatory response. In critically ill patients, adipose tissue changes its morphology, i.e. the adipocytes are shrinking and adipose tissue is abundantly infiltrated by macrophages. Paradoxically, overweight and obese critically ill patients have lower mortality than underweight, lean and morbidly obese subjects. In our studies, we selected population of the patients undergoing elective major cardiac surgery with extracorporeal...
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Tensiomyography – measurement uncertainty analysis
Sikorová, Pavlína ; Mornstein, Vojtěch (referee) ; Vlk, Daniel (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the analysis of measurement uncertainty during the tensiomyographic measuring. Seven factors have been suggested (i.e. uncertainties), that may cause an error in measurement. Their influence on the measured parameters was tested in a series of experiments on m. biceps femoris and m. biceps brachii of two subjects. The results of these tests were then compared with the referential values from the physiotherapist and the device manufacturer. Based on this comparison, the extent of uncertainty of diagnostically essential parameters Dm and Dc has been designated. Dm is heavily influenced by six parameters out of seven, whereas Tc is influenced only by one.
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The role of creatine and branched chain amino acids supplementation in muscle physiology and its possible clinical use
Zacpálek, Pavel ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Heleš, Mário (referee)
(in English) Creatine kinase system could be considered the energetic frontline of a cell. It creates and maintains a cellular energy storage and at the same time enables the very fastest response to a high energy demand. Aims of this thesis were to thoroughly describe the creatine kinase system, its role in the energy metabolism and metabolism of creatine molecule itself. As a popular nutritional supplement, there was an emphasis on creatine's impact on the physiology of skeletal muscle and also its higher intake. Furthermore some of the creatine-related disorders were described, as well as research of their treatment. Lastly, the branch-chained amino acids were researched for possible synergic effect with creatine, connection between these two was found through the mTOR signalling pathway.
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