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Wealth inequality in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models
Troch, Tomáš ; Stráský, Josef (advisor) ; Gregor, Martin (referee)
in English In my diploma thesis I propose a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to describe economic inequality. The model combines two approaches that were traditionally used to model inequality - first, it features two classes of agents that differ in their ownership of capital and second, each class consists of heterogeneous agents who are subject to uninsurable idiosyncratic shocks. This combination allows the two classes to behave in a fundamentally different way while maintaining the individual character of agents in the economy - a feature that has not been modeled before but which adequately describes the empirical reality. I show that the model with classical RBC structure and a single wage underestimates the observed inequality. When the wage differential is introduced through different taxation of the two classes, the model matches empirical inequality much better. Further I argue that the government can significantly reduce inequality at a relatively small cost in terms of output lost. Finally using Theil coefficient decomposition, I show how much of the total inequality is attributable to between-class and within-class inequalities.
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The Social Dimension of the Czech Republic Budget Policy in the period of 2000-2010
Vinšová, Miroslava ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Chalupová, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with the relation of social policy and budget policy of the Czech Republic in the period of 2000 - 2010. In the theoretical part there are explored principles,characteristics, functions, subjects and instruments of implementation of social policy. The concept of welfare state, its potentiality and limitations, including contemporary critical reflections, are discussed. As a theoretical background, in context of public choice theory, there is treated the question of political cycle influence on social policy. Attention is also focused on public budget system, particularly on the role of state budget. In the empirical part, aimed to deeper assessment of social dimension of the budget policy, are analysed data from the three electoral periods when different governments of social or civic democrats were enforcing different social policy. For electoral periods were collected and evaluated data regarding the four parameters: results of elections and govenrment profile, legislation acts of social policy, macroeconomic limitations, and expenditures of the state budget on social policy. With the help of the SWOT method were compared separate periods and were presented answers to the hypotheses H1 and H2, validating that the government of social democrats did not prefer more strongly social...
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Fiscal policy and its importance in development of economy
Flídrová, Eva ; Brčák, Josef (advisor) ; Miroslava, Miroslava (referee)
The thesis deals with the impact of fiscal policy on economic development and is divided into theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical part of the thesis describes macroeconomic performance indicators, the operating principles of state economic policy and economic cycle including its phases and his possible causes. Next part deals with the functioning of fiscal policy including its types, measures and problems associated with it. There is also outlined the issue of the formation of the state budget and the public debt. The analytical part is primarily monitored developments in the gross domestic product, unemployment and inflation rates within the reporting period. The following section provides an analysis of state budget and public debt of the Czech Republic, especially in the connection with the development of the budget balance and structure of expenditure and revenue side of the budget. Examined topic is given in correspondence with the fiscal measures undertaken. The thesis is also a comparison of domestic development with neighboring countries and the EU average. Finally there is a synthesis of the ascertain results.
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Bill Clinton's Fiscal Policy - Success or Coincidence?
Bednář, Milan ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with fiscal policy in the United States during the time of President Bill Clinton, particularly with budget surpluses which occurred by the turn of the 21st century. Public finances reached the surplus after 30 long years and from this perspective it represented an extraordinary event which is still discussed. I investigated following hypothesis: "Is Bill Clinton largely responsible for the budget surpluses?", because he is often credited for them, especially among the general public. I analyzed major economic factors, especially information technology, which probably affected economic as well as fiscal situation. I subsequently confronted the findings with the evolving structure of revenues and expenditures. I conclude that mostly exogenous circumstances helped reach the surpluses, the economy benefited from a large number of effects. Bill Clinton, in fact, could not significantly influence many of them.
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Political Cycle in the European Union Countries
Koman, Martin ; Musil, Martin (advisor) ; Luštický, Martin (referee)
The aim of my thesis "Politic cycle in the European Union countries" is to analyse the possibility of existence of a politic cycle in chosen countries of the EU. The firs half of my thesis is introducing the issue of the public choise theory and different views at this theory together with models of politic cycle. The other part I am dealing with is political and economic backrounds of chosen countried in closer detail and after data analysis of politic-economic development I would like to try to point out possible existence of political cycle. I will use model of politic cycle based on budget policy above all in the analysis.
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Analysis of election programs of political parties in 2010 in the field of direct taxation
Čondlová, Dagmar ; Vančurová, Alena (advisor) ; Finardi, Savina (referee)
The purpose of my bachelor's degree work has been evaluation of chosen electioneering programs of political parties. From separate programs information were used, according to which income range and tax yield of individuals as well as corporations has been calculated to meet this objective. This analysis has showed that KSCM and ODS would bring the most as for taxation of individuals and corporations. There were the biggest differences evident among programs for high income tax payers on income tax from dependent work. In case of corporations, companies have earned the highest net profit according to the electioneering programs of ODS.
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