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The Preconcept of Subordinate Attributive Clause in Primary School Pupils
Černá, Daniela ; Wildová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Doležalová, Eliška (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the preconcept of subordinate attributive clauses of primary school pupils. The aim of the work is to analyze and interpret the preconcept of subordinate attributive clauses of pupils of the 4th to 8th grade of primary school. The theoretical part first presents constructivism, which emphasizes the pupil's active participation in the learning process and the use of the pupil's preconceptions in the construction of new knowledge. Furthermore, the work deals with the linguistic concept of the attribute, its sentence formulation as well as the didactic approach to the attribute and attributive subordinate clause. The empirical part represents conducted research, which had the form of semi-structured interviews with 4th to 8th grade pupils on exercises designed specifically for the purpose of this study. The section first deals with the methodology and objectives, then presents a description of the process and an analysis of the results. The research proves that pupils have a preconcept of the subordinate attributive clause. However, they can only apply it in certain situations. The research also suggests that a majority of pupils perceive the attribute and the subordinate attributive clause as equivalent. The research also indicates attention to the interference of school...
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Benefit of Formative Assessment for Primary School Teachers and Pupils
Fišerová, Karolína ; Laufková, Veronika (advisor) ; Starý, Karel (referee)
The diploma thesis aims to find out what benefits of using formative assessment in teaching see selected teachers and pupils of primary school. The theoretical part focuses on school evaluation, where this term is defined, and the main aspects of assessment such as functions and individual types are described. It also gets to the formative and summative types of evaluation and their comparison. The next part is devoted to specific principles of a formative approach, such as the formulation of goals that are closely related to criteria and feedback, as well as self-evaluation or peer evaluation. Formative assessment could not work without respectful communication and trust between the student and the teacher, which is dealt with in the last chapter of the theoretical part. The empirical part, through interviews with pupils' class teachers (specifically the 4th grade) and subsequent interviews with groups of pupils of the above-mentioned teachers, finds out what evaluation procedures teachers use and why. Interviews with pupils make it possible to record the pupils' view of school assessment and the methods their teachers work with, as well as how communication in the classroom affects pupils' approach to learning. The results of the qualitative design of the research show that formative methods try...
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Pupil with special educational needs in small class schools
HROMADOVÁ, Barbora
The thesis deals with the issue of education of pupils with special educational needs in small class schools. In the theoretical part, the concepts related to the issue are outlined, namely special educational needs, support measures and their levels, counselling system, characteristics of selected special educational needs and in the conclusion of the theoretical part attention is paid to small class schools. The basic characteristics, the history of small class schools and how it is abroad and last but not least the advantages and disadvantages of small class schools are presented. The practical part is devoted to the qualitative research conducted to describe the specifics of the approach to pupils with special educational needs in small class schools and what factors play a role in supporting these pupils. Two primary schools from the Pilsen region and one primary school from the South Bohemia region were selected for the research investigation. Observations of teaching of pupils with special educational needs were carried out in these schools. Subsequently, a semi-structured interview was conducted with three class teachers. The collected data was analysed through open coding. The research revealed that small classroom schools represent a suitable environment for pupils with special educational needs.
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Animal signs as a topic for inquiry in primary science education
ŠINDELÍŘOVÁ, Michaela
This diploma thesis deals with research-oriented teaching in science education. It tries to show the pupils that the animals have their own traces that they leave behind, and that thanks to these traces it is possible to find out the sequence of events that happened here. The aim of this work is to clearly define the traces of animals that can be found in nature and then put into practice, where students try to find these traces themselves and further work with them in the research. The work shows how students are able to solve problems in different ways and how they think about tasks. Finally, the work should show how research on animal signs can be incorporated into regular school teaching and thus enrich pupils with further knowledge. The diploma thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part defines the concept of research-oriented teaching and discusses the role of students and teachers. Furthermore, thesis deals with animal signs, as such and it is also supplemented by interdisciplinary relationships. The practical part contains worksheets, which were created for the purpose of research with pupils in primary school and further evaluation of pupils, how they did in research. The diploma thesis also contains other worksheets that were not performed due to lack of time. The diploma thesis was drawn up as part of a project GAJU 123/2019 / S.
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Manifestations of aggression in children attending the first stage of elementary school
SCHUSSEROVÁ, Lucie
The topic of the bachelor thesis is: Manifestations and causes in children attending primary school. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the issue of aggression, the causes and manifestations supporting aggressive behavior. The theoretical part focuses on the notion of aggression and aggression, quotes the theory of aggression, deals with the causes and manifestations of aggression. It also describes the characteristics of children living in the early school age. The practical part uses quantitative research and a questionnaire survey to examine how and research into how pupils perceive and work with aggression in the classroom. Hypothetical statements are verified and evaluated. The final part ends with a discussion and a summary.
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Mapping of the trial and error method in solving problems in structural environments Spider web and Exhibition grounds
Kučerová, Lucie ; Havlíčková, Radka (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to observe and describe the use of the trial-and-error strategy in two didactic environments from the Hejné method among pupils in the second and third year of primary school, who are educated using the usual method of teaching mathematics. The theoretical part deals with the definition of heuristic strategies, their classification and a closer description of some selected heuristic strategies. The key chapter is devoted to the description of the trial-and-error strategy and its inclusion among the solving strategies. It also deals with the problematic attitude of teachers and the wider public towards this strategy. At the end of the chapter, the advantages of its use in solving mathematical problems are included. The next chapters deal with work with mistakes, the child's experiment not only in teaching, and thus follow on from chapter 1.3. Chapter 1.7 describes Hejné's method of teaching mathematics and the didactic environments with which this method works and which are important for the practical part. At the end of the theoretical part, I define the distribution of the curriculum in the second and third years, which influence the students' approaches to solving. In the practical part, the research methods of unstructured observation and the method of verbal...
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Do pupils of primary and secondary schools know meaning of newly borrowed anglicisms?
Jindřichová, Jana ; Chejnová, Pavla (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with comprehension of newly borrowed anglicisms into the Czech language. As newly borrowed we considered those which are listed in the dictionaries of neologisms, or have not been included in them yet. The comprehension was tested at primary school pupils and students of lower secondary school. The theoretical part describes ways of enriching vocabulary, especially borrowing from foreign languages. The main research method used in the practical part was a survey. It took place in April 2014 among the pupils of the 6th and 9th classes at one of Prague's primary schools and in corresponding classes at Opava secondary school. The results were related to the sex and age of the respondents and also to the type of school they are attending. We observed increased number of successful responses in closed questions testing the passive comprehension of anglicisms than in the open-ended questions testing the active comprehension of anglicisms. Comparing responses by gender, girls reached higher percentage of successful answers or the successful answers of boys and girls were balanced. The most striking differences brought comparison of respondents by age. Older pupils reached on all issues significantly higher success rate than younger pupils. Differences were also observed in the...
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Development of self-assessment within formative assessment of primary school pupils
Vandělíková, Jana ; Laufková, Veronika (advisor) ; Novotná, Kateřina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the development of self-evaluation within the formative evaluation of primary school pupils during the first and second grade of primary school. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters. The first chapter characterizes the period of younger school age. The second chapter deals with the characteristics of evaluation and assessment with emphasis on school assessment, its goals, functions, types and risks. The third chapter introduces us to the concept of formative assessment and its key strategies. The final chapter focuses on the pupils' self-assessment. It describes the concept of self- assessment and introduces us to important factors that need to be taken into account when implementing self-assessment activities. The research part describes the research objectives, research questions and data collection methods. It characterizes the research sample in terms of school, class and pupils. It focuses on the description and reflection of the six established self-assessment techniques and the subsequent analysis of the development of self-assessment skills. The aim of the research part was to systematically develop the self-assessment skills of pupils for a period of six months; reflect on their work and analyze the progress of pupils in this area using the...
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Physical activities of children in primary schools in a selected region in the Czech Republic
Ptáčník, Milan ; Dlouhý, Martin (advisor) ; Jandová, Soňa (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on physical and sports activities of children in older school age. For the research were selected pupils in the 8th and 9th grades of primary schools in the Prague-East District. The main goal of the work is based on data collected by online questionnaires to analyze and compare the level of physical activities of these pupils depending on the main factors of their lives. I consider these factors to be school physical education, physical and sports activities outside of school, leisure, family, dwelling place. The theoretical part describes all requirements associated with the physical activities of children in older school age, that are necessary for a proper understanding of the research part, such as the definition of physical activities and sports, the characteristics of older school children and key factors affecting these children. A total of 240 respondents, meaning 8th and 9th grade pupils from four selected primary schools in the Prague-East District, took part in the research. For the research I used the method of a questionnaire survey, which was organized online using Google Forms. The questionnaire contains 20 questions and is divided into 5 parts, according to the main factors already mentioned. The results for each individual question are clearly viewed...
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Word problems with different results at primary school
Švihnosová, Kristýna ; Havlíčková, Radka (advisor) ; Kvaszová, Milena (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of word problems with different results, to which is not given systematic attention in the specialized literature. The focus of the work is to observe how pupils and teachers of elementary school work with a word problem with different results. The theoretical part focuses on the typology of word problems, the phases of their solution and solving strategies. Furthermore, the classification of word problems according to the number of results and the typology of word problems with different results is proposed. A significant part consists of the goals with which this type of task can be assigned in the teaching of mathematics and which change depending on the teacher and his approach to teaching. The work also deals with the basic characteristics of teaching styles. The selected qualitative research using the method of observation and questionnaire allows to describe the work of teachers with a word problem with different results and to identify elements of teaching styles, namely transmissive and constructivist approaches, which are reflected in the actions of teachers. An additional method is the analysis of selected textbooks in terms of the presence of word problems with different results, which reveals whether such tasks occur in textbooks and what...
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