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Change in the discourse of the League and the Five Star Movement after the 2018 elections in Italy
Vaněček, Vojtěch ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the change of discourse of two populist parties in Italy after the 2018 general elections. It is a comparative study that examines the phenomenon of populism through the example of the Five Star Movement (M5S) and the League (LN). These parties and movements are perceived as populist and are on different sides of the political spectrum on a number of issues. Together, the LN and the M5S formed a governing coalition after the 2018 elections. The aim of this paper is to compare the development and analyse the changes in selected aspects of populism of these entities during the year of joint government. It seeks to determine the position of the LN and the Five Star Movement in the political spectrum, to identify how their policies overlap, with an emphasis on the period of transition from opposition to government
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French left-wing populism and three presidential attempts of Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Urbanová, Anna ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Šindelář, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the elements of left-wing populism in Jean-Luc Mélenchon's candidacy for the French president. In the empirical part, it uses critical discursive analysis to examine the programmes for the 2012, 2017 and 2022 elections, paying attention also to the presentation of the presidential candidate and his public statements. The aim of the thesis is to find out how Mélenchon's discourse of left-wing populism has evolved and whether he has exploited or handled moments of social crisis in his campaigns. The research also focuses on the concept of mainstreaming populists, according to which they depart from their original ideals to make their rhetoric more acceptable to a wider range of voters, doing so in an attempt to achieve increased electoral results.
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The Rise of Populism in the Countries of Southern Europe after the Economic Crisis of 2008
Faltis, Tadeáš ; Lánský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Prokschová, Daniela (referee)
This work explores the relationship between the economic crisis of 2008 and the rise of populism in Southern European countries. The study employs a method of literature review, analysis of sociological data on the impact of the economic crisis, and an examination of successful populist parties in selected Southern European states. In the first part of the work, populism and economic crisis are defined, followed by an exploration of the relationship between these two concepts and possible methods for dating the rise of populism. The subsequent section characterizes the Southern European region and specific selected countries, namely Greece, Spain, and Italy. The focus is primarily on their structural problems that may be linked to the growth of populism. In the main part of the work, the impacts of the economic crisis on the selected states are analyzed, initially from an economic and social perspective and subsequently from a political standpoint. The concluding section of the work zooms in on the rise of populism in the selected states. Using the examples of the three most successful populist parties - Greek SYRIZA, Spanish Podemos, and the Italian Five Star Movement - the study seeks common denominators for their ascent. In conclusion, the work identifies historical structural problems, the...
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Environmental populism in Slovakia
Baroková, Bernadeta ; Vejchodská, Eliška (advisor) ; Plaček, Michal (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to identify the characteristics of environmental populism in Slovakia, which has been promoted by right-wing parties, labelled as populist, and which has been promoted in relation to the issues of nature conservation and the climate crisis in speeches in the National Council of the Slovak Republic on a specific bill amending Act No. 543/2002 Coll. on the Protection of Nature and the Countryside, the so-called reform of national parks. The theoretical part identifies the status and challenges of nature conservation in Slovakia, the attitudes of experts and the general public, as well as the proposed reform of national parks. The theoretical framework of the thesis includes the definition of populism and environmental populism and other phenomena associated with populism. The empirical part consists of an analysis using two methods - qualitative critical discourse analysis and quantitative method of holistic grading of 161 speeches of actors who were elected to the Parliament in 2020 on the electoral lists of Kotlebovci - Ľudová strana Naše Slovensko (Kotlebovi - the People's Party Our Slovakia) and We are Family (Sme rodina). One of the most significant findings of the research is that environmental populist discourse is present in the debate on the reform of national...
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The boundaries of democracy as a challenge in civic education
JINDRA, Martin Elíša
The master's thesis objective is a didactic transformation of the political science theme boundaries of democracy in civic education. It contains a theoretical (political sciences) and a practical (didactic) part. The theoretical part of the work analyses the populist approach to governance of certain current politicians who gained a vast amount of political power in their state. Three examples were chosen for this purpose: Andrej Babiš (ANO 2011), Donald J. Trump (Republican Party), and Recep Tayyip Erdo?an (AK PARTi), their characteristics are merged to make a populist politician dangerous for the democratic establishment. In the practical part, these data are didactically transferred to teaching civic education. It analyses textbooks and internet manuals for teachers. The thesis end with teaching of the given topic in an alternative school and transferring that experience into a methodical lecture for teaching the boundaries of democracy.
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Parliamentary representation in the Czech Republic: deputies and senators in a time of crisis of representative democracy and party government
Jágr, David ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Gjuričová, Adéla (referee) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The Czech party system underwent significant reconfiguration in the second decade of the 21st century. The presented research focuses on MPs (deputies) and senators navigating this dynamic environment, specifically examining their perception of the parliamentary mandate. The text describes the representatives' relationships with citizens, parties, and constituencies, and explores changes in these relationships from a long-term perspective. Special attention is given to legislators from new parliamentary groups, especially those who define themselves against the elites and the party government model. These representatives distinguish themselves by emphasising a direct connection with the people and the return of power from the elites to the people, suggesting a different understanding of their mandate. The core of the research covers the parliamentary election period from 2017 to 2021, when half of the Chamber of Deputies consisted of populist movements. Additionally, the research takes into account other political developments and previous studies on Czech parliamentary representatives and debates concerning the crisis of representative democracy. The upper chamber's environment is also examined in detail. The research also addresses the overlooked issue of politics as a profession. An added value...
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Populism as a discursive strategy: an analysis of the communication of selected populist actors in the Czech political arena
Křovák, Jan ; Charvát, Jakub (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
This paper analyses the concept of populism as a discursive strategy. Therefore, it uses the view of populist discourse as discussed by Ernesto Laclau and other authors in their works. The author analyses the communication practices of four selected Czech political actors on social networks (Facebook and Twitter) in the period before the elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in October 2021. For the analysis, the author chose representatives who are commonly labelled as populists, i.e. former Prime Minister Andrej Babiš, far-right populists, i.e. Tomio Okamura, and then two politicians representing mainstream parties - Markéta Pekarová Adamová from TOP 09 and Vít Rakušan from STAN. In the theoretical part, the author describes in depth the phenomenon of populism on the basis of expert literature, and in a comprehensive way points out the relationship between populism, social networks, media and political communication. In the practical part, the author conducted a so-called critical discursive analysis of posts of the politicians on the above-mentioned social media and then compared their dominant communication practices. The author then places the data and results of the research in context of the populist narrative described in the theoretical part of the thesis.
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"These are citizens of our country. We are their servants." A case study of Pierre Poilievre as an example of growing Canadian populism within the framework of Cas Mudde's scholarship
Mola-Schmidt, Amelia ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Němcová Tejkalová, Alice (referee)
As scholars who have studied populism in the Canadian context have noted, Canada has previously held a false sense of immunity to the rise of populism due its multiculturalism that was seen as a barrier for the traditional xenophobic and culturally exclusive values of populist politicians in other Western democracies. Forms of populism that have arisen in Canada have taken the form of "neoliberal populism", an ideology rooted in fiscal conservatism and the belief that less government intervention is better. However, the election of Pierre Poilievre as leader of the Federal Conservative party has indicated a shift in the political spectrum, that populism is gaining traction on a mainstream level. As Cas Mudde has written about in his literature on populism, the mainstream media play an active role in shaping the discourse around populists, often giving them more air time due to their sensationalist behaviour that make for viral soundbites. So how has the Canadian media responded to Poilievre, and how does the political alignment of media impact the coverage he gets? This study will seek to answer these questions and provide insights into how the Canadian media may contribute to further political polarisation in society.
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