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Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda): Differences in the biology of geographical strains
Žirovnická, Tereza ; Macháček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Peterková, Kristýna (referee)
This bachelor thesis discusses the geographical strains of the fluke Schistosoma mansoni and summarizes the knowledge of their differences. The thesis aims to conduct literature research of comparative studies mentioning descriptions of specific strains of S. mansoni and then to identify differences across those geographic strains. Among the relevant data subjected to comparisons, besides morphological and anatomical differences, the prepatent period, the distribution of eggs in the host and the caused pathology, including the granuloma formation, were mentioned too. The results of this work confirm that the specific geographical isolates differ from each other in various aspects, often even within the same strain. Geographic strains are unevenly represented in studies, and this may bias our view of selected aspects of schistosome biology through the results of dominant strains. It is therefore important to encourage further, diversified research that considers all experimental factors. The obtained knowledge about the characteristics of geographic strains can provide important information for the development of strategies to control schistosomiasis and benefit negatively affected populations worldwide. Keywords: Schistosoma mansoni, schistosomiasis, geographical strain, comparative analysis,...
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Computational modelling of mechanical tests of animal cell
Orlová, Lucie ; Fuis, Vladimír (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
Předkládaná diplomová práce se zabývá stavbou živých živočišných buněk a jejich odezvou na mechanické zatěžování. Zobecněným zaměřením práce je popis mechanického chování buňky nejenom ve fyziologickém, ale i v patologickém stavu. Výchozím předpokladem pro úspěšné řešení zadané úlohy je vysoce interdisciplinární přístup kombinující výpočtové přístupy mechaniky těles (v~tomto případě metodu konečných prvků) s lékařským výzkumem. Nejdůležitějším bodem při tvorbě výpočtového modelu, pomocí něhož je možné aproximovat chování živé buňky při zatížení, je zejména identifikace mechanicky významných komponent a~jejich materiálových parametrů. V tomto případě jsou jako mechanicky význačné identifikovány spojité součásti jádro, membrána a cytoplazma, které jsou nově propojeny s prvky diskrétními (mitochondriální sítí) v hybridním modelu, jehož platnost je ověřena pomocí experimentálních dat. Tento model slouží jako podklad k vyhodnocení míry vlivu mitochondrií na celkovou tuhost buňky.
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Detection of pathologies in ECG signals
Němec, Radek ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kašpar, Jakub (advisor)
This thesis attempts with methods for detection of pathologies in ECG signals. The first part is focused on the basic theory of heart anatomy, electrocardiography and individual heart pathologies. The second part describes the preprocessing of ECG signals, detection of QRS complexes and detection of individual pathologies. In the third part the detector is being tested on CSE database and my own measured data.
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Detection of pathologies in ECG signals
Němec, Radek ; Mézl, Martin (referee) ; Kašpar, Jakub (advisor)
This thesis attempts with methods for detection of pathologies in ECG signals. The first part is focused on the basic theory of heart anatomy, electrocardiography and individual heart pathologies. The second part describes the preprocessing of ECG signals, detection of QRS complexes and detection of individual pathologies. In the third part the detector is being tested on CSE database and my own measured data.
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Finite element modelling of pathological changes in human vocal folds tissue and their influence on videokymograph
Martínek, Tomáš ; Matug, Michal (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
Master´s thesis deals with creating planar computational model of human folds, involving fluid-structure interaction. With this model, the influence of changes in vocal folds tissue layers (stiffness, thickness) and their effects on the videokymograph image are studied. Analysis of the results also deals with the evaluation of pressure at selected points below, between and above the vocal folds. The results indicate a possible similarity with the behavior of human vocal folds with pathology. Background research of vocal folds function, an overview of vocal folds pathology and summary of computational models are included.
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Eating Disorders from a gender perspective: disease, or part of life?
Kaválková, Kristýna ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Ezzeddine, Petra (referee)
Eating Disorders from a gender perspective: disease, or part of life? Bc. Kristýna Kaválková ABSTRACT This dissertation deals with a problem of "eating disorders", which are defined in medical literature, media and magazines as psychological disease, which relates to pathological way of dealing with food, body and himself/herself. It shows that that this area is not neutral from the gender point of view; eating disorders are usually women's matter. Based on semi-structured interviews within the framework of qualitative research, this work analyses opinions of women, who have experience with this, especially their experience of their physicality and daily life. It is also focused on how women perceive the presentation of eating disorders, which concerns them, in media, medical publications and society and how they interpret their status as those who are recovering from this illness. Women's testimonies point at the fact that their surroundings look at them as persons defined through their illness, as persons, who are exclusively connected with pathology and stigma. This view of surroundings, media and specialists, however, omit the diversity of human identities. It shows that women alone can interpret their experiences in different way. They perceive their eating disorder in the context of dominant discourse...
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Helminths in the mammalian lungs: migration strategies and pathology
Butula, Dan ; Majer, Martin (advisor) ; Novák, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis summarizes the knowledge about the migration strategies of medically important pulmonary helminths and their laboratory models and describes the pulmonary pathology caused by these helminths. Helminths typically enter the lungs within hours or days after infection and often migrate from the lungs to other body organs. Certain species migrate through the lungs intravascularly (schistosome larvae and in certain cases filarial larvae), but others enter the lung parenchyma directly (roundworm larvae, Strongyloides hookworms, adults of Paragonimus flukes, and the metacestode of the tapeworm Echinococcus) or colonise the pleural cavity (adults of Litomosoides sigmodontis and young adults of Paragonimus flukes). This, together with the time spent in the lungs, influences the pathology caused. During this time, mechanical damage to the lung tissue, granuloma formation, infiltration of immune cells, emphysema formation, remodelling of lung tissue and blood vessels, and more can occur. Excretory secretory products of helminths contribute significantly to the pathology, which, among other things, are used as a tool to modulate host immunity and shape the migratory pathway through the lungs. This topic is of particular importance in terms of elucidating the pulmonary processes that are...
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The skin immune response of mice infected with avian schistosomes
Revalová, Alena ; Macháček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kolářová, Libuše (referee)
Invasion of the mammalian skin by cercariae of avian schistosomes of the genus Trichobilharzia is associated with the skin pathology called cercarial dermatitis (CD). Although the manifestation of CD, characterized by the presence of maculo-papular rash and pruritus, is believed to be linked with the previous sensitization, the role of the infection dose and the specific causative agent is rarely considered. Therefore the skin immune response in mouse pinnae infected by 100, 1000 or 4x100 (repeated infections) cercariae of two Trichobilharzia species - T. regenti and T. szidati - was examined in this work. To compare the effect of these factors (the infection dose and species), a complex approach was ensured by employing both in vivo and in vitro methods. Firstly, histopathological changes in the pinnae were examined by classical histology and infiltrated leukocytes were characterized by flow cytometry. Sera of mice were used to detect the systemic production of cytokines and parasite-specific antibodies. In vitro cultivation of mouse pinnae was used to detect the local production of cytokines. The most remarkable observation was that the infection dose largely impacted the course of the immune response, both locally and systematically. In primary infected mouse pinnae, 100 cercariae of both...
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Correlation of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Biologic Methods in The Diagnosis of Tumors
Michal, Michael ; Skálová, Alena (advisor) ; Rychlý, Boris (referee) ; Zambo, Iva (referee)
This thesis is a collection of commentaries on altogether 13 first-authored and 20 co- authored publications where morphology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular genetic methods were used to provide novel clues for arriving at an accurate diagnosis of tumors, as well as to propose novel approaches and refinement of classification of certain tumors. The presented manuscripts are the result of the postgraduate studies of MUDr. Michael Michal at the Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen in the period between 2015-2018. The author focused the main part of his research, particularly his first-authored manuscripts, on soft tissue tumors but also largely participated in research activities focusing on other body systems. Over the course of his studies, four main areas of interests within the topic of soft tissue pathology emerged. The first is oriented on soft tissue tumors of presumed (but unconfirmed) fibroblastic lineage. First two publications regard two related low-grade sarcomas called Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) and Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT). In the first manuscript, a high-grade variant of the former is described. The latter publication is focused on the morphological and IHC similarities between both MIFS and PHAT. The third and...
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Computational modelling of mechanical tests of animal cell
Orlová, Lucie ; Fuis, Vladimír (referee) ; Burša, Jiří (advisor)
Předkládaná diplomová práce se zabývá stavbou živých živočišných buněk a jejich odezvou na mechanické zatěžování. Zobecněným zaměřením práce je popis mechanického chování buňky nejenom ve fyziologickém, ale i v patologickém stavu. Výchozím předpokladem pro úspěšné řešení zadané úlohy je vysoce interdisciplinární přístup kombinující výpočtové přístupy mechaniky těles (v~tomto případě metodu konečných prvků) s lékařským výzkumem. Nejdůležitějším bodem při tvorbě výpočtového modelu, pomocí něhož je možné aproximovat chování živé buňky při zatížení, je zejména identifikace mechanicky významných komponent a~jejich materiálových parametrů. V tomto případě jsou jako mechanicky význačné identifikovány spojité součásti jádro, membrána a cytoplazma, které jsou nově propojeny s prvky diskrétními (mitochondriální sítí) v hybridním modelu, jehož platnost je ověřena pomocí experimentálních dat. Tento model slouží jako podklad k vyhodnocení míry vlivu mitochondrií na celkovou tuhost buňky.
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