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Influence of biological relatedness on human palatal form and shape
Vilímková, Eva ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Borský, Jiří (referee)
This diploma theses deals with the effect of biological relatedness on the morphology of the human palate. So far, the effect of heredity on the morphology of the palate has been studied mainly in connection with clefts, there are not many studies dealing with the morphology of a healthy palate. Within this work, two goals were set. The first was to evaluate the variability of the palatal morphology of biologically related individuals compared to the variability of the palatal morphology of unrelated individuals. The second goal was to evaluate the effect of biological relatedness on palatal morphology. The material for this theses were two samples - a sample of biologically related individuals and a sample of unrelated individuals as a control group. The genealogically documented sample consists of 65 plaster casts of the upper jaw of mutually related individuals of the Czech population. This sample includes 33 men and 32 women. The average age in the sample is 37,65 years. The sample of unrelated individuals includes 52 virtual 3D models of a hard palate. This sample consists of 23 men and 29 women. The average age in this sample is 19,27 years. This theses combines methods of geometric morphometrics and linear regression models. The plaster casts of the upper jaws were first scanned with a 3D...
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Kinship relationships and morphological features of the human skeleton in genealogically documented osteological assemblages: use in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology.
Cvrček, Jan ; Velemínský, Petr (advisor) ; Stingl, Josef (referee) ; Beňuš, Radoslav (referee)
The influence of biological relationships on the morphology of the human skeleton is a current theme in bioarchaeology and forensic research. Whether it is the discovery of kinship relationships in an anonymous cemetery or the question of individual identification based on familial similarity, research is limited by a number of factors. Above all, there is the shortage of osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation. Most such samples also include only a small number of individuals, and thus the number of different degrees of their relatedness is limited. Related to this is the lack or absence of methods suitable for either the exact expression of the degree of morphological similarity between individuals or the statistical evaluation of results. However, for this dissertation an opportunity arose to analyze several osteological assemblages with genealogical documentation from the 17th to 20th centuries, comprising almost one hundred individuals. This represents one of the largest such units in the world to date. The individual samples also include several cases of consanguineous marriages with subsequent generations. The aim of the first part of the dissertation is to propose new methodological approaches to expressing the degree of similarity of individuals based on different types of...
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Phylogenetic relation of Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens
Janda, Petr ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
The main idea of this bachelor thesis is to close the phylogenetic relation of Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens species issue. The first move is summary of findings in this issue following from fossil records of both species. There are researched findings directly deducing from fossils (for example morphological), but also findings, which can be only speculated from fossils with certain possibility (for example sociological). In conclusion there are given findings meaning similarity, but also difference of both species and in view of these findings there it is analyzed, how much are both species relative and how much they are be classify as one genus. Key words: phylogeny, relation, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, morphology, sociology
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Choice of perfumes and their interaction with body odour
Gwužďová, Markéta ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Martinec Nováková, Lenka (referee)
The traditional assumption that perfumes are used only for masking of the body odour was doubted by the results of recent researches. In spite of the fact that the biological role of human body odour is very important, it is likely that perfumes are not in conflict with the body odour but there is mutual cooperation. Individuals could choose the scent which goes with their body odour instead of hiding it. In the theoretical part of this thesis I describe a dual inheritance theory, which is a basic concept for our research. We have been concerned with the interaction between biological effects of body odour and social effects of perfumes. Moreover, we have worked on the assumption that the body odour of relatives is similar. We have tested if people are better in their choice of the appropriate perfume for their relatives than for anyone else, in this case partners. Which perfume fits into which body odour was assessed by the independent evaluators of opposite sex because one of the main objectives of chemical signalling is to attract a potential partner. Surprisingly, the results of our research have shown that in the case of couples, the samples of the body odour and perfumes chosen by female partners were slightly better evaluated than the perfumes chosen by men themselves. Moreover, there were...
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Population genetics of Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) in Eurasia
Báčová, Alžběta ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The grey wolf (Canis lupus) is the largest canine carnivore living on northern
hemisphere of the Earth. Excessive persecution of Canis lupus at the turn of 19th and
20th century has caused nearly extermination of this animal species in the most parts
of its natural habitat. Natural habitat got rapidly smaller at that time. At the end of 20th
century number of individuals of Canis lupus has increased and the grey wolf has
started to return to its natural habitat due to better legal protection. Its natural habitat
is very fragmented especially in Western Europe. The origin of founders of wolf
populations is estimated and the tracks of migrating individuals are followed, by
monitoring the gene flow. In last fifteen years the grey wolf has started to return back
to Czech countryside. Usage of microsatellites proved its presence in Beskyd
Mountains, Czech and Slovakia republic. Comparing DNA samples of Canis lupus with
those of Carpathian wolves showed the same origin of both groups within Europe.
Detailed research points to deeper structure even within subpopulation.
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Growth ot tadpole groups - the influence of size and kinship.
SRB, Ondřej
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of density and kinship on the rate of metamorphosis of the selected species of frogs. The work was made in Rana temporaria, common frog. Tadpoles of this species have been bred at different densities kindred subjects. The regular weekly intervals were timed tadpoles until metamorphosis. It has been shown that tadpoles reared individually developed much faster and metamorphosed at larger sizes. Contrast, tadpoles raised in unrelated groups developed much more slowly than in the group composed of related individuals.
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