|
|
Stanovení in vitro stravitelnosti sušiny a organické hmoty směsných krmných dávek s rozdílným zastoupením krmných surovin
Ursová, Lucie
The aim of this thesis was evaluvation of the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter by in vitro method in total mixed ration (TMR) with different representation of components. The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants with all its physiological requirements is described in the literary review. Furthermore, attention was paid to factors affecting the digestibility of feed and subsequent methods for determination of digestibility. The literary review was also focused on the characteristics and structure of TMR. TMR analyzes were determined by chemical methods and subsequently statistically evaluated in Excel and Statistica. The analysis took into account the chemical analysis, nutritional value and concentration of macroelements and microelements. 8 TMRs with different proportions of components were selected for analyzes, of which 6 were assembled for the peak of lactation, one for early lactation and one for the end of lacta-tion. All TMRs are designed for dairy cows with production capacity of over 9,000 l of milk.
|
|
|
Pedodiverzita vybraných ekotonů na přechodu lesní porost - palouk na území Školního lesního podniku Masarykův les Křtiny
Bydžovský, Radek
Ecotones and their environments are often referred to as areas of significant diversity that condition the interactions of neighbouring ecosystems. Manifestations of ecotone community diversity can be observed, for example in the species composition of flora and fauna. However, this bachelor thesis examines the characters of the soil environment of this ecosystem and compares it with enviroment of a forest and a meadow. Evaluated soil diversity parameters are active and potential soil reactions, soil catalase enzyme aktivity, C, N, S element content and possible carbonate content. The evaluation of these soil characteristics was carried out in the three selected sites. The significant dynamics of the ecotone environment was confirmed in the case of soil reaction. Catalase also showed different activity rates in the ecotone area. A similar finding was confirmed in the case of the analysed elements C, N and S. Based on the evaluated parameters, the ecotone area shows a significant different character of the soil environment. However, the character and degree of manifestation in ecotone area are very closely linked to the characteristics of the individual habitats.
|
|
|
Role of microbes in the decomposition in headwater streams.
Kociánová, Petra ; Kopalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Tátosová, Jolana (referee)
The decomposition of organic matter in headwater streams is a key process in stream ecology and an important component of the global carbon cycle. Decomposition rates depend on both abiotic and biotic factors, the former including temperature, discharge, and nutrient chemistry, and the latter including stream community structure and activity, trophic interactions, biodiversity, and productivity. Of the stream community, microbial decomposers play a particularly important role in decomposition by chemically degrading compounds and transferring nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels. These processes are prone to change due to current and future global warming which will affect both decomposer communities and associated decomposition rates. This thesis provides a short overview of the main factors that control stream decomposition rates, including biological factors like microbial activity, abiotic factors such as water temperature and nutrient availability, and how these factors may be altered in the future under a warmer climate. Specifically, I predict that climate change will increase microbial activity and decomposition in headwater streams due to increased water temperatures, changes in surrounding vegetation, and shifts in the hydrological regime due to global warming. .
|
|
|
Polarity-based sequential extraction method for the study of organic matter isolated from biochar
Vojáčková, Beáta ; Doskočil, Leoš (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This master’s thesis completely charakterizes the organic matter of biochar from a physicochemical point of view. The theoretical part is focused mainly on the use of biochar in technology industry, substance content, extraction and instrumental techniques used for its study. A Soxhlet apparatus and the method of sequential fractionation by a series of six organic solvents, which were ranked based on their increasing polarity, were used to extract the matter. The experimental part discusses the analysis of the obtained samples using thermal methods such as thermogravimetric (TGA) and elemental analysis (EA). In our case optical methods were used also; spectrometry with Fourier transform (FTIR-ATR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) and fluorescence spectrometry. Thanks to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were obtained images of the biochar surface. Continuous characterization including the results of the biogenic element content, individual functional groups and the values of established indices, allowed us to define the organic parts of biochar and contributed to the implementation of better methodology regarding the investigated issue.
|
|
|
Analysis of production abilities of soya bean in selected agricultural company
ŠINDELÁŘ, Jan
This thesis presents the results of one year field experiment in the area of České Budějovice. The aim of thesis was to analyze the production abilities of selected varieties of soybean. A field experiment, with three soybean varieties, was performed in 2019 on a farm in Haklovy Dvory (leased by an agricultural company ZD Krásná Hora nad Vltavou, a.s.). The aim was to evaluate the real production capacity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), in the conditions of the company. These varieties were selected - Abelina, Lissabon and Merlin. Except to yield, were also observed yield elements such as the number of plants per square meter, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds in a pod and the weigth of thousand of seeds. Further, the total length of the plants, the number of primary branches, the height of the first pod, the content of fats and nitrogenous substances in the seed, and the amount of organic matter left after harvesting the seeds. For all tested varieties, a yield of over 2 tons per hectare was achieved, the Merlin variety even produced 2.7 tons of seeds per hectare. All tested varietis exceeded the profitability limit by yield, generally stated at 2 tons of yield per hectare. And they can all be considered acceptable for cultivation in the conditions locality České Budějovice. A considerable amout of organic matter from post harvest residues was added to the soil, in the case of the Abelina variety it was over 7 tons of matter per hectare.
|
|
|
Komparace stupně degradace půdní organické hmoty v podmínkách intenzivního a extenzivního způsobu hospodaření
CAPLOVÁ, Marie
The diploma thesis deals with the comparison of the degree of degradation of soil organic matter in two agricultural entities - small farmers and agricultural cooperatives. The components of soil organic matter are divided into two parts - primary soil organic matter, which has labile and stable fractions in terms of hydrolysis, oxidation and biodegradability. It may be decomposed or non-decomposed, may have sorption properties, but never has significant ion exchange properties because it has no dissociable hydrogen groups. Humus, unlike primary soil organic matter, is so stable that it is virtually indecomposable in terms of human age. It always has a significant ion exchange ability, in addition to sorption properties. This division better explains the assessment of the quality and quantity of humus and primary organic matter in the soil. An analysis of soil organic matter is performed according to no. patent 304265, which is based on a modification of a single analytical method - oxidimetric determination of carbon.
|
|
|
Vliv technologie pěstování kukuřice seté na množství organického uhlíku v půdě a kvalitu půdní organické hmoty
KADLEČEK, Ondřej
The aim of the diploma thesis entitled "Influence of maize cultivation technology on the amount of organic carbon in the soil and the quality of soil organic matter" was a comparison of quantity and quality non - humidified soil organic matter in various maize cultivation technologies. The work included not only literary research, but even field experiment, thus regular soil sampling, their processing and subsequent analysis. The theoretical part was focused on growing corn in the conditions of the Czech Republic, description, division and importance of soil organic matter, methods for determining its quality and quantity. The practical part dealt with the establishment of a field experiment of maize, soil sampling, their processing and analysis. The obtained values were used to determine the amount and quality of the primary soil organic matter, which was expressed by the rate constant of its oxidation. The obtained data were statistically evaluated in the program STATISTICA 12. The effects of sampling dates, weed control methods and fertilization variants on various soil characteristics were determined.
|
|
|
Changes in organic matter input to soil during pedogenesis as a driver of soil organic matter sequestration
Lačná, Karolína ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Soil organic matter is an integral part of the soil representing a reservoir of nutrients for plant and soil organisms, especially in accumulation of a biogenic element carbon (C). The accumulation and stabilisation of soil organic matter depends on several mechanisms. The input source for the creation of SOM is the plant organic matter consisting mainly of the litter and above-ground part of the plant herbal biomass. The accumulation of SOM and carbon sequestration is primarily influenced by the chemical composition and amount of OM entering the soil. In this work, the entry of OM into the soil was experimentally verified at locations with an older naturally formed soil type and man-made soil (post-mining sites). As part of the research, other types of forest cover represented by spruce and alder stand were compared. From the measured data of the individual influencing factors, it was found that the composition and quantity of OM is determinated significantly with the species composition of the forest. More plant OM was observed in the alder trees area stands on both soil types with a lower C:N ratio, whic describes better decomposable OM. By contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between areas on young and old soils. The results suggest increased concentrations of...
|
|
|
Biotic interaction and their role in organic matter turnover in soil
Radochová, Petra ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Smrž, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis brings overview of main taxa of soil organisms. It describes in detail their trophic and non trophic interactions that contribute to organic matter decomposition in soil. In particular soil food web and behavior of fungal and bacterial channel of food web is described in relation to organic matter decomposition, soil formation and humus formation. This work contains also experimental work sealing with interaction of soil microscopic fungi and invertebrates. Food preference and suitability for development of three fungal species growing on three different litter types was studied. Litter was more important for food preference and food suitability. There were disproportion between litter suitability and litter preference. In particular oak was not preferred by adults but very suitable for development.
|
|
|
The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in the root decomposition.
Haiclová, Klára ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
Mycorrhizal fungi are known as symbionts of many plant species. Fungi provide better access to mineral nutrients and water for host plants, and in return fungi receive carbohydrates from plants. Although a significant proportion of organic matter is bound in the root biomass, little is known about the factors affecting root decomposition. Understanding the process of root decomposition and the factors that affect it, is important to us. Knowledge of root decomposition helps us understand the carbon cycle and answer questions about carbon sequestration in soil. This Bachelor's thesis is focused on the importance and function of mycorrhizal fungi during root decomposition. It describes the influence of mycorrhizal fungi on the decomposition of fine roots colonized by mycorrhizae, the ability of mycorrhizal fungi to decompose organic matter and influence the decomposition rate through competition with saprotrophic organisms. Keywords: mycorrhizal fungi, roots, decomposition, rate, organic matter, soil, importance, carbon sequestration
|
guest ::
