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Legal Regulation of the Special Instruments of the Air Protection
Filípek, Zdeněk ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Fabšíková, Tereza (referee)
Legal Regulation of the Special Instruments of the Air Protection The topic of this diploma thesis is special instruments of the air protection. In the first chapter the author deals with air protection from a more general point of view. First, he places air protection legislation in the system of Czech law and then mentions the history of this legislation in the Czech territory. This history goes back to the 1950s. The importance of air protection and its perception in society has changed considerably over the years. At the end of the first chapter, the author also mentions the protection of the Earth's ozone layer and the protection of the Earth's climate system, topics that are also related to the release of pollutants into the air. The next chapter focuses on the National Emissions Reduction Programme of the Czech Republic. The National Emission Reduction Programme has its origins in European law. It consists of an analysis of pollution and pollution levels, scenarios for the development of the situation, the objectives of the programme, a description of specific measures and their expected benefits, the responsible authorities and indicators for assessing the implementation of the programme. Air quality improvement programmes are the subject of the third chapter. Theoretically, they should...
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Separation of odorous substances from air
Menshikh, Maksim ; Svěrák, Tomáš (referee) ; Kalivoda, Josef (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the design of an absorption device for the separation of odorous substances. The main objective of the thesis is to design an efficient device that would enable the absorption of selected substances (H2S, propionic acid, butanoic acid) from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The work focuses on the study of absorption processes and different types of absorption devices. Based on these findings, two variants of devices that use a special absorbent for efficient separation of the substances are designed. Furthermore, the resulting characteristics and the procedure for experimental verification of the proposed absorber are presented. This work represents a contribution in the field of gas cleaning processes where separation of gas phase species is of great importance.
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Princip nákladové přiměřenosti v právních předpisech EU v oblasti životního prostředí: ponaučení z implementace ochrany vod a ovzduší
Brabec, Jan ; Jílková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Knápek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Slavíková, Lenka (referee)
Environmental legislation in the European Union recognizes the principle of proportionality as a tool that helps identify cases that require spending of disproportionate resources to achieve environmental targets. If economic costs of achieving a certain target are significantly higher than associated benefits, an exemption may be granted to prevent wasting resources on measures with only a negligible effect on the environment. The principle is well established in water protection by means of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) and in air protection through the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU). In theory, such setting should ensure more efficient and robust water and air protection. However, with no unified methodology and a high level of discretion given to individual member states, the process of assessing proportionality has become very heterogenous. As a result, methodologies used across Europe often differ from each other significantly, possibly distorting the original idea of equal treatment of European water bodies and sources of air pollution. The goal of this thesis is to determine whether the use of the proportionality principle in water and air protection contributes to more efficient environmental protection in the EU and whether the principle is used consistently in...
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Legislation on air protection against mobile source pollution
Inquort, Vít ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Mobile sources, i.e. self-propelled or portable devices equipped with an internal combustion engine, are a significant contributor to air pollution and the regulation of air protection against pollution from these sources is an important part of environmental law. This area of law is currently evolving and changing very rapidly, as it is closely linked to a number of current issues, in particular climate change. The question posed by the diploma thesis is what is the current level of air protection against pollution from mobile sources in the Czech Republic, whether it is sufficient, and what is the possible development in the future. Therefore, the thesis contains a comprehensive analysis of current legislation, taking into account the various approaches by which the law seeks to regulate mobile sources and their operation, and includes topics such as introducing mobile sources to the market, regulating their operation, setting fuel quality requirements; further deals with legislation on alternative fuels and, last but not least, deals with legal instruments of air protection, which aim to maintain or improve air quality in a certain area in relation to mobile sources. Given that a significant part of the current legislation in the Czech Republic is based on international, and particularly on EU law, in...
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Low emission zones as an instrument of air protection in selected European Union's states focusing on the Czech Republic
Vaňhara, Martin ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The presented diploma thesis provides the comprehensive presentation about the low emission zones that become more and more used instrument of air protection in european metropolises and in smaller cities. There are already circa sixty low emission zones in Deutschland, in the Czech Republic this instrument hasn't been used yet. Therefore the diploma thesis' determined goal was to analyze the legal regulation of the low emissions zones to clearify the division consisting in absence of low emission zones in the Czech Republic. Systematicall structure of the diploma thesis into six part is the result of the author's aim to make the presentation transparent. The first part of the diploma thesis represents the introduction into the theme of the air protection and provides a brief overview of relevant legal regulations just as the analysis of air pollutants including their negative effect on the peopel's health and on the environment. The author provides the presentation of transport regulation possibilities that the cities are able to realize (excluding the low emission zones). The third part deals with the implementation of the low emission zones into the czech law and with the development of legal regulation of the low emission zones. The detailed analysis of current legal regulation regarding the...
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Legal regulation of air protection against air pollution from unlisted sources
Bělohoubek, Václav ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Žákovská, Karolina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of legal regulation of air protection against air pollution from unlisted sources. Unlisted sources are a group of stationary sources, that are not listed in Annex 2 of Act No. 201/2012 Coll., On air protection. It is a diverse group of minor sources of air pollution, which are generally subject to softer regulation than the sources listed. On one hand, unlisted sources are less polluting than listed sources, but on the other hand, their number is much higher. In total, they are even the largest polluters in terms of emissions of some substances. Unlisted sources can be divided into combustion and non-combustion sources. With regards to their frequency, the subject of the paper is mainly unlisted combustion sources. A typical example of such unlisted source is a solid fuel boiler designed to heat a building. The first part of the thesis focuses on air protection in general and its subject is also an explanation of how the sources of air pollution are divided. In the second part, the system of instruments of regulation of unlisted sources is described. The thesis aims to outline the possibilities of their practical application and to assess their impact on the state of the air. The third part contains the liability and supervision in field of air protection...
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Long-term air quality projections for Prague and Central Bohemia region: application of the SUDPLAN modelling tool
Bízek, Vladislav ; Mertl, Jan ; Gidhagen, Lars ; Engardt, Magnuz
Air quality projections of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM10 and ground-level ozone for Prague and the Central Bohemia region till 2030 were developed using the SUDPLAN (Sustainable Urban Development Planner) modelling tool which enables simulation of the impact of emissions and climate change on the concentration of both primary and secondary pollutants in the atmosphere at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. Emission projection till 2030 was taken from the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas-Air Pollutants Interactions and Synergies) model. In addition, the impact on air quality was simulated for three typical situations: substantial change in operation of a large combustion plant (close-down, doubled thermal input), completion of the Prague city highway bypass and hypothetic construction of three satellite settlements in the north-western and south-eastern outskirts of Prague.
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Conflict of environmental protection with the right to inviolability of the home
Chobotová, Tereza ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
The protection of fundamental rights and freedoms is the basic element of every modern democratic society. These rights are regulated in many international treaties and at the same time the states set them out in their constitutions. The Czech Republic is no exception. In the application of fundamental rights conflicts occur from time to time, and one of the rights must retreat to another. This thesis deals with the collision of the right to favourable environment and the right to inviolability of the home. The main theme is the new regulation of the Act no. 201/2012 Coll. on Air Protection, which from January 1st , 2017 allows the direct control of the combustion stationary air pollution sources and fuels in the households.
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The role of municipalities in the air protection according to the new legislation
Ignasová, Lucie ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
The thesis focuses on the role of municipalities in the air protection, particularly on the legal instruments of municipalities within their individual and delegated jurisdiction. The thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter is introductory and is aimed at the air as the subject of legislation. The second chapter focuses on legislation of municipalities and other chapters describe the role of municipalities in land use, placement and approval of stationary sources of pollution. Further chapter points out specific legal instruments used in transport and the last chapter deals with the possibilities of the municipalities in relation to air pollution by individuals. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Issues of unlisted Sources of Air Pollution according to the new Air Protection Act
Trnková, Zuzana ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Diploma thesis focuses on air protection, especially on the issues of unlisted sources of air pollution according to the czech Air Protection Act. It aims on small stationary sources of pollution that are subject to a softer regulation then huge polluters. Important group of small stationary sources are boilers used in homes to heat them up. In the case, that the operator of the sources does not fulfil his/her responsabilities according to the Air Protection Act, he/she can cause damage to the environment and endanger neighbours health. But because of the right of privacy it is not possible to control the source. The paper analysis the possibilities to resolve the dilemma between three constitutional rights - right of privacy against right to a favourable environment and right to the protection of health. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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