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The effect of a weight loss on bone and energy metabolism in premenopausal women with obesity
Malinová, Pavlína ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
Introduction: Current findings show that obesity may not only have a protective effect in terms of the osteoporosis development. Although higher mechanical load on bones in obese people increases bone mass density, inflammatory cytokines produced by adipose tissue, on the contrary, increase bone resorption. The reduction of body weight itself can contribute to the deterioration of the quality of bone mass. Aim: The main aim of the study was to evaluate changes in BMD and selected parameters of body composition during a 2-month strict very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and a subsequent 4-month low-calorie diet (LCD) in premenopausal women with obesity. Methods: The study was carried out at the workplaces of the III. Internal Clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague and the Institute of Endocrinology in Prague. Data were collected in the period from April 2021 to May 2023. 11 patients participated in the study with dietary intervention, data was processed from 10 of them. The average age was 44.1 ± 9.3 years, the average weight was 94 ± 10.4 kg. The control group consisted of 14 patients, 10 of them were included in the study. The average age in the control group was 40.7 ± 6.4 years, the average weight was 64.4 ± 7.5 kg. Patients of the intervention group were given a very low-calorie diet with...
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Changes in fitness parameters after bariatric surgery
Černohlávek, Lukáš ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Kolár, Leoš (referee)
Introduction: Obesity is characterized as an excessive accumulation of fat that can impair health. Nowadays, obesity is considered to be a very serious problem that is becoming increasingly important as the number of obese people increases. One of the options for treating severe obesity is surgical treatment or performing bariatric surgery. These allow significant weight loss with a long-lasting effect, so they are a very good solution for highly obese people. Aim: The aim of this interventional study is to compare changes in fitness and body composition before and after bariatric surgery in patients in the bariatric patient register of the 3rd Internal Clinic of the General Faculty Hospital in Prague who underwent bariatric surgery in 2022. The aim is also to introduce in detail readers with obesity issues, especially with bariatric obesity treatment. Methodology: The monitored group consisted of 11 respondents from the register of bariatric patients of the 3rd internal clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague. For these 11 respondents, changes in fitness based on walking tests and changes in body composition using InBody measurements were evaluated before bariatric surgery and 3 months after surgery. Subsequently, from these 11 respondents, 5 respondents were selected, in whom it was...
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Nutritional intervention in patients with obesity as part of comprehensive lifestyle modification
Mlynčár, Filip ; Forišek Paulová, Petronela (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
Introduction: Despite advances in the treatment of obesity, lifestyle intervention remains a key element of therapy. Successful weight loss requires increase in physical activity and modifications of dietary patterns, leading to a negative energy balance. This process requires time, patience, and the expertise of a multidisciplinary team. Nutrition therapist provides patients with obesity individualized dietary recommendations tailored to their health status and current living conditions. Regular nutritional intervention significantly contributes to higher success rates in weight reduction and maintanence of weight loss and dietary and exercise habits. Objectives: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the positive effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program on body parameters and dietary habits in study population of patients over a three-month period. The effects of this program will be evaluated by comparing the body parameters with a control group of patients from the clinical study, who did not undergo this intervention. Methodology: Data collection was conducted at the Biomedical Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava. The research included adult individuals with a BMI above 29 kg/m2 who underwent a comprehensive lifestyle intervention as a part of clinical...
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Non-pharmacological treatment of breast cancer patients
Štěpánková, Kateřina ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorková, Markéta (referee)
Introduction: According to epidemiological findings,breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. The typical age of Czech breast cancer patients should be 60-74 years, but it is estimated that up to 35 % of them are younger than 60 years. Rehabilitation, dietary interventions to prevent obesity and psychosocial care are an important part of follow-up care for these patients. The aim of this follow-up care is to improve mental and physical fitness, to facilitate the return to normal life, to prolong survival, to prevent recurrence and to treat various complications associated with both the aggressive treatment and the tumour itself. Aim: Description of changes in nutrition, physical activity and body weight in breast cancer patients who participated in the ONKOFIT - SPA programme. Methodologyand characteristics of the group: ONKOFIT - SPA is a programme that lasts for six months with the aim to determine the effect of the nutritional and physical intervention after this period. Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer were enrolled in the program. It was necessary to include data for patients who have completed 3 months of the program. Currently, 38 patients have started the program. Patients who have not yet been in the program for 3 months number 11 and are continuing the...
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Lifestyle, diet and hardening and viral diseases
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Aneta
These topics will be more detailed discussed in the theoretical part, due to their importance in the lives of each of us. Among main topics, the work includes topics related to sleep, rational nutrition, exercise and more within factors that play a significant role in influencing people's health and their lives. In the practical part, the work already deals with cases from practice - everyday life of people. In this section, reader will learn how young people perceive the view of health and its support, and whether they themselves follow the principles of a healthy lifestyle and rational, healthy eating. As a part of the research, respondent's food menus are specifically analyzed, as well as frequency questionnaires mapping the people's diet, the lifestyle and the occurrence of diseases of these people. This work shows and compares the differences in lifestyle within the two investigated groups - people who are hardening and those who are not hardening. The detected shortcomings are discussed in more detail and there are also possible individual recommendations for individuals or the whole group that can be transferred to the wider public. These recommendations are in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization, medicine, or other experts in the field.
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Incidence of obesity in young school-age children
Balcarová, Kateřina ; Kytnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Frühauf, Pavel (referee)
This master's thesis investigates the incidence of obesity in young school-age children, in two groups aged 6-8 and 10-12 years. Firstly, it summarises the current state of literature about obesity in children, secondly, the young school-age children are characterised and thirdly, it informs about healthy lifestyle in primary school lessons. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of obesity in young school-age children, to assess their eating and exercise habits and to find out if they are guided towards a healthy lifestyle during lessons. The test group included 214 participants (132 girls and 82 boys). Data collection was divided into two parts: the first part included anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist circumference) and the second part questioned children's eating and exercise habits by a survey. The results show a lower incidence of obesity in the examined group compared to the literature. However, a higher incidence of obesity in older children corresponds with existing literature. Regularity of having breakfast and consuming sweet drinks was significantly connected to the BMI Z-score value. Conversely, the association of BMI Z-score value with the distribution of physical exercise lessons (PE classes) per week was not significant. Education including healthy lifestyle...
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Smoking as a maladaptive strategy in overweight and obese women
Zdeňková Kroužková, Pavlína ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Introduction: Smoking and obesity (overweight) together represent a significant risk factor for a number of diseases. So far, not much has been published about the effect of weight reduction on smoking. Aim: The aim of the work was to map the most significant risk factors that lead women, tobacco smokers, overweight and obese to maladaptive behavior based on a comparison of a series of case studies. A partial goal was to find out whether compliance with the reduction program does not affect the number of cigarettes smoked. Methods: This is a case series, prospectively followed for three months (December 2022- March 2023), in which 21 female tobacco smoking patients undergoing a weight reduction program were followed. Monitoring the effect of weight reduction on the number of cigarettes smoked was complemented by structured interviews with female respondents on the topic of the most significant risk factors leading to smoking. The results were evaluated using the rapid assessment method. By searching for common psychosocial factors between individual case studies, individual types of clients were supplemented. Sample: The research sample of 21 female smokers was selected using a simple purposive sampling method based on availability and voluntariness. The age composition of the research sample...
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The effect of nutritional intervention in patients with obesity and atrial fibrillation
Buzická, Julie ; Souza Lopes, Kristýna (advisor) ; Havránek, Štěpán (referee)
Introduction: Due to its high and increasing prevalence, obesity is among the most prevalent and one of the most serious risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. It is well established that there is an epidemiological link between obesity and atrial fibrillation and the risk of atrial fibrillation increases with increasing BMI. Studies show that weight reduction combined with antiarrhythmic drug therapy has a good effect in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in some patients. Nutritional intervention is an important part of the treatment of obesity and for this reason this paper focuses on its effect. Objectives: The aim of this theses is to evaluate the effect of individual nutritional intervention using telemedicine in obese patients with atrial fibrillation on the intake of total energy, individual major nutrients and fibre. In addition, the development of body weight and adipose tissue mass over a 6 month period should be evaluated. A secondary objective is to evaluate the exercise intervention based on the number of steps per day. Methods: Data were collected on III. Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, in the outpatient clinic of dietitians. The study included...
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Proposal to Introduce a Tax on Sugar in the Czech Republic
Lamačová, Markéta ; Brychta, Karel (referee) ; Semerád, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the implementation of a sugar tax in the Czech Republic and evaluates the tax from the perspective of expected profitability. Attention is paid to the arguments for taxing sugar, specifically its negative impact on public health. The introduction of a sugar tax in the Czech Republic is based on the experience of selected countries, which have introduced a sugar tax. The effects and impacts of this tax have been compared and analysed. The result of the thesis is a proposal of sugar taxation under our conditions and the shortcomings occurring in the observed countries are eliminated.
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Weight development in obese patients with mental illness
Starý, Kilián ; Kalinová, Nelly (advisor) ; Žůrková, Pavla (referee)
Introduction: Obesity and mental illness are serious health issues whose worldwide prevalence has been increasing in recent years. In particular, depression and anxiety can impair the capacity of obese patients to reduce weight, which is a necessary step in reducing the risk of life-threatening complications of obesity. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of baseline mental illness on weight development. For this purpose, a group of obese patients with either depression or anxious- depressive syndrome was selected. Relative change in weight over a 1-year period was selected as the main variable for comparison. One secondary objective was to compare outcomes in patients with psychiatric comorbidity by diagnosis. The second one was to assess the interaction between mental illness and female sex as predictors of poor weight loss outcomes. Methods: Data was collected in the Obesitology centre at the III. internal clinic - endocrinology and metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague. The research group (n=27) was selected from patients who underwent reduction hospitalisation between 2014 and 2021. The same was true for the control group (n=27) of obese patients without a psychiatric diagnosis. For all patients,...
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