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Comparison of yield and nutritive value of einkorn, emmer and spelt produced by prehistoric technology
Habětínková, Kateřina ; Hejcman, Michal (advisor) ; Pavlů, Vilém (referee)
Triticum monococcum (einkorn wheat), Triticum dicoccum (emmer wheat) are the main cereals planted by the first European farmers since 5600 B.C. Triticum spelta (spelt wheat) is planted since Roman period. The aim of the thesis is comparison of yield and nutritive value of einkorn, emmer and spelt produced by prehistoric technology. There is almost nothing known about planting wheat under prehistoric conditions. To fill this gap, an experiment on experimental field in Praha Suchdol were performed. There was used technology of broadcast seeding, with no weeding. The obtained data were used to define yield parameters (HTS, Hulled index, yield [t/ha]) and concentrations of monitored elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd a Pb), which affect nutritional value of wheat. Yields were 1.01, 1.38 and 0.99 t/ha, HTS was 27, 28.7 and 39.3 g and Hulled index was 0.71, 0.72 a 0.70 for einkorn, emmer and spelt. Results were compared between species and with other authors. The grain yields do not correspond with other authors, they are lower. Low yield and dilution effect absence caused, that concentration of minerals (especially nitrogen) were higher (30.5, 31.3 and 30.3 g/kg) than common values of mineral concentration. Surprising values were observed for Zn (39.7, 43.9 and 36.9 mg/kg). Concentrations of Zn were very low, which may be caused by poor mobility of Zn in soil, due to high pH. We observed statistically significant differences between einkorn, emmer and spelt.
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Comparison of nutritional values of different edible insect species
Maňhal, Daniel ; Kouřimská, Lenka (advisor) ; Kulma, Martin (referee)
The worlds limited agricultural resources will soon no longer be able to continue to support its ever growing population. One way to alleviate this problem is to integrate insects into the human diet, which is an increasingly common practice in Asia, Africa and South America. This practice has proven to be beneficial in a number of ways. Insects have better feed-conversion efficiency, transforming organic matter into larger amount of edible body mass than traditional livestock. Comparing to the livestock, insects have much smaller ecological impact on the environment. On the other hand, allergic reactions to toxins produced by some insects represent a potential risk of entomophagy. Nutritional values of insects depend on many factors, such as type of insect, its developmental stage, sex, and consumed feed. Generally, insects are a rich source of nutrients comparable to or even higher than traditional sources of meat.
Nutritional values of farm raised field crickets (Gryllus assimilis), originating from the Czech Republic, were analyzed in the experimental section of this thesis. Specifically, contents of dry matter, crude protein, fat and fatty acid profile were the main focus. The dry matter content was determined using an infrared technique. The crude protein content was measured using the Kjeldahl method. The Soxhlet method was applied for fat extraction. Extracted fat was determined gravimetric. Using gas chromatography, a lipid profile was obtained. Measured values were compared to those found in the literature. Emphasis was put on the comparison with other types of potentially edible insects and on the nutritional values of wild and farmed insects. Finally, these nutritional values were compared to the corresponding nutritional values of conventional meat to illustrate the benefits of entomophagy.
The analyzes showed that insect originating from the Czech Republic had very similar qualitative composition to species from different geographical regions and its nutritional value is fully competitive with conventional meat.
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Evaluation of food and diet in disease phenylketonuria
Čermáková, Venuše ; Faměra, Oldřich (advisor) ; Renata, Renata (referee)
This diploma thesis pursues the hypothesis, that strict abiding or failures in low protein diet are deciding about the health of patients with phenylketonuria. The goal of the thesis was to evaluate the composition of the diet for selected set of patients from the dietological and nutritious point of view in dependence on individual health condition, to compare the values with the diet of healthy people and to evaluate the availability of special healthcare and nutrition for phenylketonuria patients.
The summary of literature gives informations about phenylketonuria, causes of its origin, metabolism of phenylalanin, diagnostics, possibilities of treatment, risks
of repercussion of not treating, impact of nutrition composition of patients' health and dietological recommendations.
For assessment of the bilance of nutrients and energy in the diet of phenylketonuria patients a group of 10 people was selected with different age, sex and dietary level, 5 people with phenylketonuria a 5 healthy persons. For each person a detailed weekly diet was setup and nutritious intake was evaluated, observed was daily intake of Phe, protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy. For persons with phenylketonuria the nutritious was evaluated
in two steps, with and without usage of medical agent. The values of the patients were compared with healthy persons.
From the results a necessity of using medical amino acid agents was derived, in other case there is a risk of serious deficit of protein intake, for some also of fat and energy.
A complicated situation arises for women with phenylketonuria, who plan pregnancy.
The research implies necessity of strict adherence to low protein diet before conception and frequent monitoring of Phe blood values during pregnancy.
The diet must be compiled cautiosly with considering the individual state of patiens,
a thorough education from childhood to adulthood is recommended. The situation would be simplified with a better approach of the state in the area of compensation the costs for foods, but also additional support for phenylketonuria patiens, to improve especially the availability of special foods for low protein diet and treatment possibility.
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Entmophagy - insects as food of the future
Pondělíčková, Barbara ; Hlava, Jakub (advisor) ; Kulma, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis creates a summary of contemporary czech and the world's entomophagy. It contains knowledge about utilising insect as a source of food for people in
a form of literature research. This includes the history as well as contemporary reputation of entomophagy in the eyes of the public. The research part also describes the most notable species of insects utilised for consumtion today including a summary of the basic nutrition data. The following part of this paper studies farming insects distined for consumption and of course, safety concerns coming with consuming insects are also mentioned. In the end of the research part there is a list of several examples of different dishes made from insect.
In the practical part of this paper a questionnaire was created with the goal of mapping a describing the czech public's awareness of insect consumption the possibilities of its spreading. This questionnaire was realised particularly electronic (over the internet), additionally by personal questioning with the purpose of covering bigger variety of answers, especially to get answers from different age groups of the respondents. The recieved answers were analysed and the results were processed into graphs for easier reading.
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Quality evaluation of gluten-free food, concretely gluten-free pastries
MARKO, Tomáš
This diploma thesis deals with theme "Quality evaluation of gluten-free food, concretely gluten-free pastries". Theoretical part is concerned about coeliac disease in general, their symptoms, forms and diagnostic. There is described basic principal of coeliac disease and approachable gluten-free food. Then the basics of sensory analyse are described. Practical part is focused on finding suitable gluten-free flour and baking samples of bread based on recipe with care about improving nutritional value. Baked bread samples, made from commixture of gluten-free flour with enrichment of different amount of flaxseed, were evaluated with suitable methods of sensory analysis. This analyse shows which sample is the most preferred and based on those information it is proposed to enlarge offer in gluten-free pastry.
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Comparison of eating habits at students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies
FILIPOVÁ, Petra
A theoretical part is focused on basic conceptions of alimentation, on influences affecting the nutrition and on various dietary components and their significance. Among others, this part emphasizes a proper nutrient intake and dietary guidelines. Three aims were defined in the practical part. The main objective was to determine eating habits of students from University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, whether they eat in compliance with the proper daily intake of calories and nutrients. Then to find out what leads students to an incorrect diet on the basis of found values to propose a healthier way of eating. In order to achieve the defined aims I used a qualitative research, an interviewing method and a technique of a semi-structured interview with 10 students. The interviews were made in the second part of February 2011. Four days were recorded at all respondents, beginning from Sunday. After the interviews were analysed and evaluated, I found out that 9 of 10 respondents have noticeable fluctuations of the daily caloric intake. At 10 respondents I recorded an irregularity of meals, a deficiency in fruits and vegetables intake and therefore a deficiency in vitamin C. The semi-structured interviews showed that 8 of 10 students had a redundant intake of proteins which could have negative impacts on the body. A choice of food at 9 of 10 students has been determined by price. 10 students do not have any health restrictions of the food intake. The research showed that while studying at the university the eating habits at 1 student of 10 changed positively, at 2 students there was no change and at 7 students the eating habits became worse. The bachelor thesis could be used for a better orientation in the given issues which point out errors in the alimentation and it will offer an extension of awareness at the lay and professional public.
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Comparative foraging study of selected species family Cebidea - "nails monkeys" in the ZOO Plzeň.
BROŽOVÁ, Alena
The main objective of this study was investigation of accurate diet portions and observing food preferences of callitrichids. The work was executed in the Pilsen ZOO in 40 days between March 2010 and September 2010. The studied species were: Leontopithecus chrysomelas, Saguinus imperator, Saguinus oedipus, Callithrix jacchus, Saguinus midas and Saguinus fuscicollis. The aim was to find out the actual nutrition values of the diet and to determine preferences for given fruits. The results were compared with recommended values. The amount of fat, proteins, fiber, calcium and phosphorus in the diet of callitrichids were compared with the recommended quantities of diet. Little diferences from recommended nutrition values were found in some cases without major impact on the animal health. The second part of the research was focused on the food preferences for five types of fruit. The results show that callitrichids prefer grapes and banana.
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The catering habits of the pupils between the ages of 12-15 in Trebon and surroundings
PLOC, Milan
In my Bachelor seminar work I am concerned with the theme of - The diet habits of the pupils at the age of 12 to 15 in the region of Třeboň. In the theoretical part there are characterised the terms connected with the nutrition. The individual chapters are dealt with the basic elements of the nutrition and its importance for human body. Then I mention the overweight, the obesity and the eating diorders, that can influence the health of children. My research targets the diet habits of the children. It consists of 3 days monitoring questionnaires of the childrens´s diet. The aim of my research is the detection of the nutritional values of the particular foods and the energetic profit of the children during the day.
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Practical aplication of diet problem
Harák, Tomáš ; Kalčevová, Jana (advisor) ; Šmídová, Milada (referee)
I have decided to try solve the question if it is possible to eat healthy at McDonald's fast-foods. I will try to do this with my skills and knowledge of linear programming. I will try to find optimal solution by minimalizing total cost of food. If I don't find the solution, I will try to answer "Why?"
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