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Invasive water invertebrates in Czech Republic
Kolářová, Lucie ; Tátosová, Jolana (advisor) ; Dočkalová, Kateřina (referee)
An introduction of invasive species is considered to be one of the most actual problems of these days and is also related with water environment and water invertebrates. Occurences of many non-native species has been recorded in waters of the Czech Republic and these species can be divided into two groups. Species of the first group are invasive alien species - their ecological patterns (e.g. high growing rates, high reproductive capacity or ability to transfer exotic diseases) make their spreading more successful. North-American crayfish species (Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus), Dreissena polymorpha or Dikerogammarus villosus are the typical representatives of this group. The spreading of these species is very remarkable, since their introduction causes many harmful effects and has negative impacts on native fauna. However, the appearance of other group of water invertebrates has been found in our waters. These are also non-indigenous species, but their spreading is very inconspicuous - they do not reach high population densities and their invasion does not cause negative impacts on native fauna and ecosystems. The evidence of these harmless invasive species has been recorded thanks to the monitoring programs and we possibly wouldn't know about them without this monitoring. The...
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Habitat requirements and competition between native and invasive Impatiens species
Čuda, Jan ; Skálová, Hana (advisor) ; Prach, Karel (referee)
Three of Impatiens species are widespread in the Czech republic, one is native, two of them invasive. Because all species occur in relatively similar habitats, the question is, whether the invasive species can negatively affect the native species, or even the original can can be displaced. The aim of the thesis was: (i) to compare habitat requirments of the Impatiens species, (ii) to determine if the coexistence of species is possible, (iii) to assess the impact of invasive species to the original species. The investigation was carried out using two sets of permanent plots in 5 localities. In the first set with a total of 84 plots (combinations of occurrence of the three species) site characteristics as tree cover, soil humidity, slope and bare land cover were directly measured and nutrient, light, humidity and soil reaction characteristic assessed using Ellenberg indicator values. The second set contained a total of 45 plots with one of the native-invasive congener pair being removed and the intact controls. Number, cover and height of the plants were assesed. The key enviromental factors determining distribution of the species were soil moisture for I. noli-tangere and I. parviflora, and tree cover for I. glandulifera and I. parviflora. Ellenberg indicator values had poor explanation value;...
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Invasion alien animal species and their impact on local population and ecosystems
Nováková, Kateřina ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor)
Fenoménu biologických invazí a šíření nepůvodních druhů je v posledních letech věnována značná pozornost. Se změnami kvality stanovišť, vzrůstajícím využíváním přírodních zdrojů, změnou klimatu a znečištěním životního prostředí, jsou invaze nepůvodních druhů považovány za hlavní procesy, které výrazně negativně ovlivňují světovou biodiverzitu.
Invaze mají vliv nejen na lidskou společnost, ale jsou především zodpovědné za celou škálu změn prostředí. Mění fungování ekosystémů, mají vliv na původní společenstva a dokonce v některých případech přispívají k lokální extinkci druhů. K tomu dochází v případě, kdy se daný druh začne nekontrolovatelně šířit natolik, že rozvrací přirozené ekosystémy, což vede k rozsáhlým ekologickým škodám a k agresivnímu vytlačování mnoha původních druhů a tím k ochuzení druhové diverzity.
Cílem této bakalářské práce je shrnout současné znalosti týkající se problematiky biologických invazí, charakterizovat vybrané zástupce a v neposlední řadě zhodnotit vlivy nepůvodních živočišných druhů na hostitelská společenstva a ekosystémy a stanovit preventivní opatření, způsoby kontroly šíření a priority ochrany přírody.
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Invasive plants in PLA Křivoklátsko
Drhlíková, Kristýna ; Tesařová, Blanka (advisor) ; Petrus, David (referee)
This thesis deals with the occurrence of invasive plants species such as Heracleum mantegazzianum, Solidago canadensis and gigantea, Impatiens glandulifera, Reynoutria japonica, sachalinensis and bohemica., which are the most feared plants in the Czech Republic. Invasions are an environmental problem on a global scale, which is increasingly the more discussed.
The mapping took place in the summer of 2015 on the territory of protected natural region Křivoklátsko, where there is a large extent Sites of Community Importance. The thesis is also focused on the characteristics of the area with European significance.
It evaluated the incidence of plant sites, their surface representation and percentage of species in different habitats. Impatiens glandulifera, near Berounka river, was the most surface represented, as the river is the main source of spread for this species. Another occuring species was Solidago canadensis and only two specimen of Reynoutria japonica.
The invaded areas expansion on the area of interest is minimal.
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Floristic survey of natural monument Vinice (Příbram district)
Ambrožová, Veronika ; Česká, Jana (advisor) ; Petrů, Veronika (referee)
Floristic survey of the natural monument Vinice (district Příbram) was conducted during growing seasons in 2012 and 2015. The study area is located near Jince and it is important paleontological deposit of Cambrian fauna.
The aim of this thesis was a floristic inventory of vascular plant species, with a focus on validation of endangered and exotic species occurrence. The thesis also includes an evaluation of previous work results and current treatment interventions in context with the management plan.
In the natural monument Vinice, there were 61 vascular plant species inventoried on selected parts of the monitored area in 2015 (in 2012, there were 47 plans species determined, excluding families Poaceae, Juncaceae and Cyperaceae). Presence of two endangered species was confirmed in both years, while another three previously recorded (in year 2006) endangered species were not found at the study area in 2015.
Five alien species were recorded in 2015, of which the black locust (Robinia pseudacacia) and small balsam (Impatiens parviflora) are invasive nature. Potential threat to the locality can be common broom (Cytisus scoparius), although it is not considered as an invasive species in the Czech Republic.
On the basis of floristic inventories four main habitats were indicatively set (Hercynian oak - hornbeam forests, herb-rich beech forests, acidophilous thermophilous oak forests and dry acidophilous oak forests).
To preserve this valuable paleontological and also botanical site is recommended to follow the management plan for the period 2007-2016, where the appropriate interventions are described. The new management plan should emphasize the protection of paleontological deposits and the liquidation of alien species populations (including common broom) especially on rock terraces with thermophilic vegetation.
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Molluscan fauna of the Czech Republic
Cermanová, Michaela ; Hlava, Jakub (advisor) ; Husák, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the problems of molluscs on the area of the Czech Republic.
The introduction characterizes the tribe of molluscs and its history. The following part focuses on the morphology and anatomy of terrestrial and water molluscs, their ecology and biology. There is a detailed description of the life cycle of snails and clams, their way of life and food. The character of spread on the area of the Czech Republic and their migration connected with settlement of new biotopes was described at water molluscs. The following chapter deals with the question of collection and identification of molluscs, it describes several methods of collecting and identification of terrestrial and especially water molluscs.
A big part of the thesis is devoted to endangering of the mollusc fauna and negative influence of people on the malacofauna by creating new conditions in the landscape. The negative influences, by which people significantly change the landscape character, include for example forest clearing, construction of dams or longitudinal stream regulation. The last chapter describes the unoriginal species of terrestrial and water molluscs on the area of the Czech Republic, which represent another danger for our original malacofauna.
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Occurrence of invasive species Eragrostis albensis in Prague and its surroundings
Mikulka, Jakub ; Holec, Josef (advisor) ; Jursík, Miroslav (referee)
Eragrostis albensis is an invasive weed. For invasive species it is typical that they are easily spread in to all manner of localities. Eragrostis albensis is recently described species, which spreads along the Elbe and the Vltava river. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to find new places of occurrence in Prague and its surrounds and especially around the Vltava river. There were found a few locations where the occurrence of Eragrostis albensis was confirmed and these areas were always ruderal. At most of the areas there were maximum 3 plants. Only in one locality there were over 70 plants of Eragrostis albensis (locality Dvořákovo nábřeží). This invasive weed has wide ecological amplitude, it occurs especially on embankment nearby river, but it can also grow on pavements affected by dry. This species well tolerate disturbed areas and floods can help this weed to create new suitable locations. According to this monitoring it´s obvious, that Eragrostis albensis is a part of some ruderal districts in Prague.
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Monitoring invazních a nepůvodních rostlin v povodí řeky Svratky
Ševčíková, Alice
This bachelor thesis deals with monitoring of invasive and non-native plants in the catchment area of the Svratka river at the following locations: Brněnská přehrada, Modřice and Tišnov. The studied areas were located on the bank of the river Svratka, on agricultural land near the bank and a few meters from the catchment on uncultivated agricultural land. As monitoring methods were used Zurich-Montpelier phytosociological school. To assess trends in the spread of invasive plants were compared to current images the images from the 70s, which were taken from the Czech national phytosociological database. From the research I draw conclusion that in the past more native species occured, but currently are dominated by non-native species with invasive potential.
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