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Analysis of biologically active substances from medical mushrooms
Macháčková, Mirka ; Bendová, Agáta (referee) ; Hoová, Julie (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the benefits of mushrooms for the human body and with the important substances that are contained in them and give them properties that cannot be found in any other natural food component in such a complex design. Specifically, the mushrooms discussed in the thesis belong to rare species of mushrooms, not only because of their rare occurrence in nature, but mainly because of their unmistakable positive properties. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the basic characteristics of fungi, structural features and basic division were described. Further, the theoretical part discusses the characteristics of individual rare mushrooms that were selected for further observation. It deals mainly with their occurrence, positive impact on the human body and their practical use. This section also deals with the chemical composition of mushrooms, specifically the contained and immunologically active substances. Last but not least, the theoretical part describes important microorganisms that were used in measuring antimicrobial activity in the practical part of this work. The practical part of the thesis was devoted to the preparation of mushroom extracts from reishi, shiitake, oyster mushroom and Judas ear mushrooms using three different solvents. It optimizes methods for the determination of nutritionally important substances by selecting appropriate solvents that were able to positively influence the yield when determining the mushroom content. It is also engaged in testing antioxidant activity, determination of content and antimicrobial activity. Based on these measurements, it was proved that all the above-mentioned active substances are present in different concentrations in the mushrooms studied. Mushroom powders or their extracts can subsequently be used alone as dietary supplements or as an additive to foods with low nutritional value.
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Production of pates with the addition of mushrooms
Tóthová, Martina ; Holub, Jiří (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the sensory evaluation of pâté with mushrooms. First the 3 samples of pâtés were made to select the right concentration of mushrooms for sensory evaluation. Then the 7 samples of pâtés which contained different texture and types of mushrooms were produced. In the theoretical part pâtés are characterised, their manufacturing and types of pâtés are described. The part of literature search is description of mushrooms in general, their composition and description of mushrooms which were used for production of pâtés. Another topic is description of conditionals and methods of sensory analysis. The experimental part is focused on the production of pâtés for two sensory analyses, evaluating the heat treatment and sensory analysis. The content of vitamin D in the samples of pâtés was analysed by liquid chromatography. Processing of results of sensory analysis of pâtés was determined that the best samples were pâtés with milled champignons and champignons which were add in blender.
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Structural analysis of polysaccharides from mushroom hericium Erinaceus mftccb 134
Bleha, R. ; Čopíková, J. ; Sushytskyi, Leonid ; Vannucci, Luca ; Sinica, A. ; Jozífek, M. ; Jablonský, I. ; Klouček, P.
The aim of this research was the structural characterisation of polysaccharides isolated from fruiting bodies of the cultivating medicinal mushroom Hericium erinaceus MFTCCB 134. Cold and hot water extracts (CWE, HWE) were obtained and purified, and followed by alkali extraction from the reminder solids. The composition and structure of the fractions were analysed by FTIR spectroscopy, and neutral sugars/linkage analyses were determined by GC/FID and GC/MS, respectively. Galactose, fucose and glucose were found in purified CWE,\nwhile glucose predominated in purified HWE.
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The presence of pollutants in matrices of bioindicators
Vlček, Ladislav ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This master‘s thesis concerns with occurrence of heavy metals in the environment, mainly in the matrices of bioindicators. Special attention is given to occurrence of mercury in the environment and its quantification in bioindicators. Mercury and its compounds are today considered as one of the most significant contaminants in the environment. Some sorts of mushrooms cumulate sizable amounts of mercury in their fruiting body and therefore we can use them to consider loading of different areas. Eight areas in Vizovice and its surroundings were chosen for these purposes and during the years 2006 – 2008 harvested 50 samples from 19 sorts of mushrooms from there. The concentrations of Hg were determined in all samples by single-purpose absorption spectrometer AMA 254. Comparison of the mercury content between individual sorts of mushrooms in the same area as well as comparison of loading of areas was performed and also bioaccumulation ability of individual sorts of mushrooms was determined.
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Analysis of glucans in plant and microbial samples
Vít, Radek ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of the diploma thesis is study of glucans production in selected species of yeasts, algae and plants. Cultivation conditions for yeast strains were performed to gain increased production of glucans under different temperature conditions and in media of different composition. Into the set of tested yeasts species strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CCY 6646), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6), Phaffia rhodozyma (CCY 77-1), Rhodotorula glutinis (CCY 20-78-26) and Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (CCY 17-18-4) were enrolled. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated as a control strain because of its verified production of -glucans. -glucans were determinated by the enzyme kit K-YBGL Megazyme. For comparison, algal strain Euglena gracilis (CCALA 349), some species of mushrooms (shiitake, oyster mushroom, garden champignon and Jew’s ear) and cereals (wheat, rye, oats, rice and barley) were analysed too. Further, fatty acid content in the yeast cells was determined by the GC/FID. The best producer of yeast -glucans was R. glutinis CCY 20-7-26, which showed the highest biomass production (12-14 g/l) and also a relatively high amount of -glucans (25-30 %), in cultivation at 15 °C in a medium containing yeast extract in combination with ammonium sulphate. The presence of -glucans has been demonstrated in the microalgae, Euglena gracilis CCALA 349, as well as in samples of higher fungi and cereals.
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Study of the content of risk elements in soils and plant material
Vlčková, Renáta ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of the content of selected heavy metals (Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn) in soils and mushrooms. The flame atomic absorption spectrometry method was used to determine the heavy metal content. Fungi and soil samples were collected at 18 sites in the Jeseníky region. The concentrations of heavy metals in the mushrooms were in the range from 140–582 mg/kg Zn, 48–380 mg/kg Fe, 5–19 mg/kg Mn and 3–8 mg/kg Ni. Zinc had the highest concentration value in all mushroom species. In soils, the concentrations of heavy metals ranged from 10–72 g/kg Fe, 52–1,000 mg/kg Mn, 29–115 mg/kg Zn and 6–50 mg/kg Ni. Iron was the most abundant element in the soils. Mushrooms contamination was assessed as a health risk in the study area. However, the pollution of forest soils was assessed as satisfactory and thus the productive function of the soil is not impaired. The type of forest cover was found to have minimal effect on the chemical composition of the soils.
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Toxic compounds of mushrooms
Ascherová, Adriana ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This work is devoted to the toxic compounds of mushrooms. The theme is divided into three sections. The first part deals with the chemical composition of mushrooms, with main emphasis on the content of heavy metals and medicinal substances. The following section is focused on the poisonous mushrooms, the most important representatives and the mechanism of action of their poisons. Part three explains the issue of edible mushrooms and the poisonings, which may cause. In particular they are biogenic amines, the work monitors their chemical composition, origin, structure and distribution, occurrence, biological effects and methods of measurement (gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and capillary electrophoresis).
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Image Object Rcognition Using Android Platform
Šimon, Martin ; Zahrádka, Jiří (referee) ; Zemčík, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis describes an object recognition issue in connection with the Android mobile platform. It analyzes existing methods and procedures from the field of the object recognition as well as previous solutions of a similar topic. It builds on these basics and proposes a handy application which aspires to become a powerful assistant during mushroom picking. It considers the target device, which is memory and power limited, during the design and implementation phase. The results are evaluated by several experiments including an user experience. The implementation of the application itself is a part of this thesis.
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Sušárny ovoce v přidružené lesní výrobě
Peterka, Lukáš
The aim of this final thesis is to emphasize the advantages of using classic drying ovens in order to find out what types of drying ovens exist, describe them, and propose an optimal solution. The work is focused on the construction of old dryers that do not need electricity or other fossil energetic sources, possible to be built on owned or leased land. Based on the gained knowledge, the alternative proposal was designed and can be adapted and can be adapted to the time, financial and also professional requirements of its implementation. The work contains a small analysis of the purchased products associated with forest industry. The economic aspect is also taken into account in order to get an awareness of costs and possible profits. The goal is therefore to provide the inspiration for an alternative or additional use for the owners of small or a larger forest lands. The main contribution of this work is the alternative design of the dryer, its budget and plan, which is possible to implement for a better farming management.
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Možnosti pěstování hub v České republice
Ochonský, Petr
This thesis examines the diversity of cultivated mushrooms available in the Czech Republic, their growth conditions, and the economics of their cultivation. Data for the study were collected through a questionnaire, a field survey, and interviews with mushroom growers in the Czech Republic, including a visit to a mushroom farm. The findings revealed a diverse range of cultivated mushrooms available in the domestic market. However, public knowledge about various cultivated mushroom species and their importance is limited. The survey found that 82.98% of people consume mushrooms. Their average consumption in the Czech Republic is 2.4 kg/person/year. The most well-known cultivated mushrooms in the Czech Republic include Agaricus bisporus (98.94%), Pleurotus ostreatus (93.62%), shiitake (29.79%), truffle (21.99%), and Auricularia auricula-judae (18.44%). The survey shows that increasing the population's awareness of mushrooms and their importance will be appropriate. The economic demands of cultivating oyster mushrooms have shown that it is costly and not very profitable. Last but 8 not least, it is also necessary to deal with the possibilities of using mushrooms in various sectors.
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