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Mechanisms of muscle non-shivering thermogenesis
Vávrová, Anna ; Bardová, Kristina (advisor) ; Galatík, František (referee)
The capacity to regulate body temperature is of great importance for the survival and evolution of organisms. Endotherms possess highly efficient mechanisms for generating heat, including muscle shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), which occurs predominantly in brown adipose tissue and muscle. The process of muscle NST is a complex one, involving multiple mechanisms. However, it seems likely that the effect of sarcolipin on SERCA protein plays a key role. This occurs when ATP cleavage occurs without Ca2+ pumping into the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum, accompanied by heat generation. Other key proteins of the muscle NST include ryanodine receptors, which regulate calcium concentrations, and phospholamban, which regulates SERCA activity. Mitochondrial activity also plays a crucial role in this process. The ability of muscle NST depends on the ontogenetic stage of the organism and the external conditions to which it is exposed. In addition to thermal homeostasis, these mechanisms also have a major impact on the regulation of whole-body metabolism and may serve as protection against diet-induced obesity. As with other thermogenic mechanisms, muscle NST is an energy-intensive process. Consequently, an understanding of its processes and the ability to regulate them could provide a new avenue in...
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Perspective of physiotherapy on barefoot walking
Macháčková, Lucie ; Kejhová, Eva (advisor) ; Jeníček, Jakub (referee)
This theoretical-research bachelor thesis focuses on the impact of barefoot walking on the musculoskeletal system from a physiotherapy perspective. The theoretical part of the thesis presents a current overview of the issue of barefoot walking. It examines the impact of footwear on the foot, differences between walking in regular shoes and barefoot walking, the transition to barefoot walking and its associated positives, risks, and contraindications. The work also addresses the issue of so-called barefoot shoes. Barefoot walking is considered one of the most effective ways to strengthen the leg muscles and improve their shock-absorbing capacity. It also contributes to maintaining the proper morphology of the foot, to higher sensorimotor control, and to reducing the risk of foot deformities and infections. The result of the special part of the thesis is in the format of a systematic review, which included a total of twenty clinical studies. The goal was to determine the impact of barefoot walking on various areas of the musculoskeletal system, to be able to comprehensively assess its benefits and possible risks. A large part of the included studies showed positive impact of barefoot walking, on the muscles of the lower limbs and the pelvic floor, the muscles of the back and neck, as well as on the arch of...
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The effect of cold exposure on regeneration in skeletal muscle
Novotná, Veronika ; Kašík, Petr (advisor) ; Vašek, Daniel (referee)
Cold is a stressful stimulus to which the body responds with an extensive physiological response, making it important to understand its complex effects. Skeletal muscle is an important thermoregulatory organ and helps maintain a constant body temperature by both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. At the same time, it has a considerable regenerative capacity that is modulated by the inflammatory immune response. This paper summarizes the effects of cold on skeletal muscle regeneration and the inflammatory response that is triggered after intense exercise or skeletal muscle injury. The inflammatory response is essential for the successful completion of skeletal muscle regeneration, and if it is impaired, it can have a negative effect on muscle tissue recovery. The balance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phases of the immune response, which is determined by the presence of specific immune cell populations and cytokine release, is crucial. Cold exposure is generally accepted as an effective strategy to improve skeletal muscle regeneration, but the molecular basis of this effect is not fully understood, and thus the observation of the effect of cold on skeletal muscle regeneration is still a actual topic. Keywords: cold exposure, inflammation, skeletal muscle, regeneration,...
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Study of the content of heavy metals in the tissues of wild animals
Stoček, Michal ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
In the Ženklava hunting ground, tissues of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and European mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) were analysed. Samples were taken from liver, kidney and muscle. The samples were digested in a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide by microwave irradiation and subsequently analysed by ET-AAS techniques (Pb, Cd, Cu), F-AAS (Zn) and AMA (Hg). The concentrations found by the analysis of each element were
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The Influence of the Type of Electrodes on the Biological Impedance Measurement
Prokopyeva, Elena
Electric impedance during meat storage can be affected by various processes: microbial growth, changing of ions mobility, structural changes, etc. Impedance of biological tissues is frequency dependent. The aim of current study is to determine and evaluate the impedance properties of pork meat using two types of electrodes. Measurements were performed during three days in frequency range 100 Hz ÷ 1 MHz.
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Monitoring the activity of selected groups of skeletal muscles during squats on balance pads using EMG.
Šidla, Jiří ; Bedáňová, Kamila (referee) ; Adamík, Richard (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of monitoring the activity of selected groups of skeletal muscles during squats on balance pads. Thigh muscles of 21 probands (21,81 ± 2,06 years old, 184,53 ± 5,19 cm, 72,50 ± 4,75 kg) were measured using EMG when they did squats without balance pad and with five balance pads (BOSU concavely, BOSU convexly, T-bow, foam pad and Vicore). Ten of these persons was measured also with inflatable balance pod. Mean and mean of the 10 highest peaks of filtered and normalised measured signals were statistically analysed. There were some statistic differences of both parametres between measurement without balance pad and measurements with some balance pads (BOSU concavely, BOSU convexly, Vicore and balance pod) using analysis of all thigh muscles together, analysis of anterior-posterior stability and analysis of dexter-sinister stability. There were some statistic differences between these balance pads and the other two pads (T-bow, foam pad).
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Electical stimulation of hand muscles
Hrozáň, Michal ; Balogh, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sekora, Jiří (advisor)
Bachelor thesis explains the effect of electrical stimulation on muscle and nerve fiber. It describes the process of stimulation and principles that apply while stimulation with electric current is applied. Specific muscle stimulation of thumb is described. Work provides a solid base of knowledge for understanding the processes that are present in stimulation of living tissue, which will be implemented in construction of stimulator. User graphical interface was created in Matlab. User can communicate using this program with microcontroller ATMega328 of Arduino Uno Board. Microcontroller processes received data and generates voltage on its output pins. An amplifier and electrode triggering system was designed as well.
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Screening for hypermobility and shortened muscles in professional soldiers
Veselouš, Tomáš ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Maršáková, Kateřina (referee)
Author: Bc. Tomáš Veselouš Supervisor: PhDr. Tereza Nováková, Ph.D. Title: Screening of hypermobility, shortened muscle groups and trunk stability in professional soldiers Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to determine and verify the condition of the musculoskeletal system, especially hypermobility according to Beighton, shortened muscle groups according to Janda and trunk stability according to Kolář in a specific group, namely in soldiers of the 13th Artillery Regiment of the Army of the Czech Republic. Other objectives were to verify the relationship between hypermobility and trunk stability, between hamstrings and trunk stability, and finally between shortened muscle groups and stretching before and after training. Methods: The research involved 171 soldiers of the 13th Artillery Regiment of the Army of the Czech Republic. Participants were subjected to three tests: testing of hypermobility according to Beighton, examination of shortened muscle groups according to Janda and examination of trunk stability according to Kolář. The obtained data were processed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test. Results: Out of the total number of 171 participants, 24.6% were hypermobile. When examining shortened muscles groups test, the largest proportion of shortening occurred in the...
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Perfluorované látky ve vodním životním prostředí
TLAČILOVÁ, Hana
Perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are synthetic compounds with a wide range of applications due to their specific properties. PFAS are highly stable substances not subject to biochemical, chemical, thermal, or photochemical degradation. They are in most cases persistent and bioaccumulative. This work deals with detecting the occurrence of 33 PFAS representatives in benthos, juvenile fish, muscle samples of adult fish, and water using POCIS passive samplers. The 27 sites selected for sampling were profiles operated by the CHMI for surface water monitoring, located on some of the major rivers of the Czech Republic The obtained samples were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-HESI-HRPS). The concentrations of the monitored substances were evaluated using TraceFinder 3.3 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The analysis detected 13 PFASs out of the 33 monitored substances, namely PFOS, FOSA, PFDoA, FHpPA, H4PFUnA, PFBS, PFHxS, PFTeDA, PFTrDA, PFHpS, 6:2FTS and PFHpA. At the Ohře - Želina site, the highest concentrations were measured in juvenile fish samples, with total PFAS concentrations reaching up to 887.7 ng×g-1, specifically 620 ng×g-1 PFHxS, 260 ng×g-1 PFOS and 7.7 ng×g-1 PFTrDA, and in benthic samples, with total PFAS concentrations of 147 ng×g-1, specifically 120 ng×g-1 PFHxS and 27 ng×g-1 PFOS. The highest concentration in the muscle samples was measured at the Elbe - Obříství site, 200 ng×g-1 sum PFAS. In the POCIS samples, the highest sum PFAS was estimated at the Elbe - Litoměřice site, with a concentration of 29 ng×g-1. The results of the analyses demonstrated the necessity of combining multiple sample types to obtain the vast range of captured compounds.
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Effect of electrical stimulation on soft tissue healing
Fošumpaur, Karel ; Jeníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Angerová, Yvona (referee)
First and last name: Karel Fošumpaur Supervisor: Mgr. Jakub Jeníček, Ph.D. Opponent of the thesis: Name of the thesis: Effect of electrical stimulation on soft tissue healing Abstract of the thesis: This bachelor thesis summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of electrical stimulation on soft tissue healing by providing an overview of the issue. The aim of the thesis is to describe the current level of research on the subject in terms of its completeness, current stage and limitations. Fifteen peer-reviewed, relevant articles were included and analyzed through a systematic search. Through analytical analysis and evaluation of the studies, it is determined whether and under what conditions electrical stimulation is effective for soft tissue healing. The articles presented include studies testing the effectiveness of electrical stimulation for healing structurally damaged muscle, tendon, skin and ligament. The work provides a largely positive conclusion regarding the healing effect of electrical stimulation. Key words: electrical stimulation, healing, soft tissue, muscle, tendon, skin, connective tissue, ligament, regeneration, reparation, electrotherapy
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